Výsledek obrázku pro micropropagation
05_Mikropropagace
Množení in vitro
Mgr. Hana Cempírková, Ph.D.
Rostlinné explantáty

Micropropagation is a method to produce genetically identical plantlets by using tissue culture
techniques
Micropropagation is an advanced vegetative propagation technology for producing a large number of
genetically superior and pathogen-free transplants in a limited time and space.













Typy mikropropagace
•1) meristémové množení (apikální nebo axilární meristémy)
•2) tvorba adventivních prýtů (z již diferencovaných orgánů, např. listy, internodia, listy
cibulových hlíz, květenství, dělohy… - přes kalus nebo přímo)
•3) kalusové, suspenzní a protoplastové kultury
•4) somatická embrya a umělá semena

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•
IV.




•
Illustration showing and describing components of all four stages of micropropagation. Stage I,
Establishment of Explants. Explant Source - soft wood shoots. Shoots are established in culture 2-3
months. Cycle 1 Development of small clusters of shoots. Stage II, Shoot Multiplication. Cycle 2
Small clumps of shoots increase 2 months. Cycle 3 - n Normal increase 2 months. Stage III, Rooting.
In-vitro rooted in culture 1 month. Ex-vitro rooted directly in soil 1-2 months. Stage IV,
Acclimatization. Plants established in individual cells. 3-4 weeks under mist. Total growth period
in cells = 3 months. Plant in cell transferred to 1 gal. cans. Plant grows till it becomes a
saleable plant.
http://irrecenvhort.ifas.ufl.edu/plant-prop-glossary/09-tissue-culture/01-types/04-tctypes-micropro
pagation.html




Rejuvenace dřevin
•Methods Mol Biol. 2013;11013:383-95. doi: 10.1007/978-1-62703-074-8_30.
•In vitro rejuvenation of woody species.
•Read PE1, Bavougian CM.
•Author information
•Abstract
•Juvenility and phase change in woody plant species exert profound impacts on plant morphology and
the ability of explants to be successfully propagated in vitro. Morphological characteristics such
as leaf shape modifications, thorniness, and the inability to initiate flowers are associated with
juvenility. Physiological maturity, that is the ability to reproduce sexually, is reached by many
woody species only after many years of juvenile growth. As a result, micropropagation of woody
species has historically been difficult with many plant species proving to be exceedingly
recalcitrant. The importance of juvenility and its impact on successful vegetative reproduction in
vitro has therefore received much research attention. In vitro technologies that have been
demonstrated to induce rejuvenation include meristem culture, chemical treatments, pruning and
hedging, forcing new growth, and taking advantage of epicormic buds, grafting and micrografting,
and somatic embryogenesis. Applications of these technologies are discussed in this chapter.
•







Kultura pokračuje ve vývoji i přes nepřítomnost auxinů nebo cytokininů
(hyperhydratace) – převodnění pletiv
https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304423806000689-gr4.jpg

http://www.micronesialandgrant.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/1-In-vitro-cultures-of-pineapple.jpg
mikropropagace ananasu
http://www.micronesialandgrant.org/in-vitro-mass-scale-disease-free-pineapple-seedling-production-r
esearch-and-multiple-demonstrations-on-sustainable-climate-smart-and-organic-commercial-cultivation
/




























0,1 – 0,2 %



Fotoautotrofní mikropropagace
• bez dodání exogenních organických látek (cukry, vitamíny…)
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yulan_Xiao2/publication/285928569/figure/fig1/AS:3227865905111
04@1453969728345/A-schematic-diagram-of-the-forced-ventilation-unit-for-supplying-CO-2-enriched_W64
0.jpg
A schematic diagram of the forced ventilation unit for supplying CO 2 -enriched, humidified, and
cooled air for photoautotrophic micropropagation.
Growth promotion of Gerbera plantlets in large vessels by using photoautotrophic micropropagation
system with forced ventilation, PROPAGATION OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS 5(4):179-185




Komerční mikropropagace
•http://bestcarnivorousplants.com/dionaea/
•
•http://www.monfori.com/
•




Innovative techniques of micropropagation (= in vitro propagation)
•2022
(http://www.ivalsa.cnr.it/en/research/innovative-techniques-of-micropropagation-in-vitro-propagatio
n.html)
•almost 25 millions the plants produced by micropropagation
•many fruit species, but also ornamental plants and some vegetables
• the optimization of specific microproagation protocols in semi-solid media, and the development
of innovative tissue culture systems, such as somatic embryogenesis, the production and
regeneration of encapsulated explants (synthetic seeds), the liquid culture in temporary immersion
system (TIS)










•
Despite the many advantages, high production costs, labor-intensive process, requirement of
sophisticated facilities and skills and the vulnerability of progeny plants to infections are among
major limitation in the use of micropropagation.
Unavailability of immediate market for the produced crops and the high cost of export and
transportation are among other limitations while considering investment in the sector. Experts
believe micropropagation is not economically feasible when practiced in small areas, suggesting the
establishment of large-scale micropropagation plants for generating reasonable profits.

•
http://www.fao.org/3/ae574e/AE574E06.htm





Commercial Production of Ornamental Tropical Foliage Plants: Micropropagation
•https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep520
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/LyraEDISServlet?command=getScreenImage&oid=7375783
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/LyraEDISServlet?command=getScreenImage&oid=3820741
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/LyraEDISServlet?command=getScreenImage&oid=13296039

•https://www.succulent-tissue-culture.com/EN/home
Výsledek obrázku pro micropropagation cactus
In vitro propagation of endangered Mammillaria genus (Cactaceae) species and genetic stability
assessment using SSR markers, In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant
October 2018, Volume 54, Issue 5, pp 518–529

•



•http://zahradaweb.cz/rozmnozovani-okrasnych-drevin-mikropropagaci/
•http://www.janholub.cz
•
•http://www.profiplants.cz/kategorie/akvarijni-rostliny
•
•http://www.lesaktualne.cz/vyzkum/vedci-prispivaji-k-udrzeni-biologicke-rozmanitosti-drevin
•
•http://www.agris.cz/clanek/190191
•
•Plant culture is used commercially
•Culturing plants in the laboratory has become common practice, and this technique is used
commercially to produce plants for the agricultural and horticultural industries. You may be
surprised to learn that most of our native carnivorous plants that can be purchased legally are the
products of tissue culture. It is illegal to collect most species in the wild, so producers pay for
licenses to collect a limited number of specimens that they then use to establish tissue culture
lines. Periodically, some of the descendent cultures from a line are subjected to growth regulators
which cause them to develop into young plants that can be sold.
•
•
Příklady využití in vitro rostlin v ČR

Plant culture is used commercially
Culturing plants in the laboratory has become common practice, and this technique is used
commercially to produce plants for the agricultural and horticultural industries. You may be
surprised to learn that most of our native carnivorous plants that can be purchased legally are the
products of tissue culture. It is illegal to collect most species in the wild, so producers pay for
licenses to collect a limited number of specimens that they then use to establish tissue culture
lines. Periodically, some of the descendent cultures from a line are subjected to growth regulators
which cause them to develop into young plants that can be sold.

https://img.yumpu.com/22766639/1/500x640/micropropagation-universitac-de-liage.jpg
https://www.amazon.com/Microclone-Tissue-Culture-Starter-Kit/dp/B01M7NDE10
Smajlík – Wikipedie
Athena Tissue Culture Kit :: growmarket.cz