Microfacies analysis
                                           in Carbonates

                                        Statistical methods

                                               TOPICS

*        Basics and components

*        Clustering

*        Principal component analysis (PCA)

*        Correspondence Analysis (CA)

*        Markov Chains

*        Your data



                           In the field a limestone is characterized by:

           Mokra Quarry, Czech Republic, Late Tournaisian, basinal to lower slope deposit



                                            Microfacies

*       In carbonates the macrofacies is generally not enough to understand the sedimentary
environement and a petrographic study is necessary.



*       The microfacies is the equivalent of the macrofacies but in thin-sections. It is fundamental
to keep in mind the scale of the observations!

                 Namur-Dinant Basin, Belgium, Late Tournaisian, outer-slope deposit

           Mokra Quarry, Czech Republic, Late Tournaisian, basinal to lower slope deposit

                                       Microfacies components

*       Texture: Dunham or Folk

*       `grains' = allochems (allochemical grains), bioclastic or non-bioclastic

*       micro-sedimentary or biogenic structures (partly in texture)

*       Special diagenetic features (partly in text.)

*       Non carbonate grains

                                   Texture: Dunham classification



                                    Texture: Folk classification



                                       Main carbonate grains

*       Coated grains



*       Peloids, intraclasts, lithoclasts, aggregates



*       Bioclasts: recognized by their shape (3D to 2D) and the structure of the
skeleton/wall/shell.

















                                              MOLLUSCS



                                            BRACHIOPODS



                                             BRYOZOANS



                                               CORALS