Mycobacterium





Mycobacterium paratuberculosis



                                            Diagnostika

•           Kožní testy – protilátky proti antigenu tuberkulinu

•           rentgen

 - pro potvrzení aktivní nemoci a progrese choroby







                                            Diagnostika

•           Vyšetření sputa

 - mikroskopie

 - kultivace – diagnost.půdy

                                            Robert Koch
                   *11.12.1843 (Clausthal-Zellerfeld) +27.05.1910 (Baden-Baden)







                               TB control before the antibiotics era

                                             Vakcinace

•            BCG - is short for "Bacille Calmette-Guérin". Mycobacterium is a rod shaped bacterium,
and this shape is described as a bacillus. Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin worked at the Pasteur
Institute at Lille and Paris from 1908 to 1919.
By subculturing various virulent strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis on
different culture media, they developed a strain that was less virulent. This attenuated strain -
which could not cause an infection, but which stimulated the body's immune system to produce
antibodies - was used as the basis for vaccine production.



                                             Vakcinace

•            Tuberculosis can usually be controlled using drugs called antibiotics to kill the
infecting bacteria. It is not susceptible to antibiotics like penicillin. From 1945 the antibiotic
streptomycin was used against TB; initially it was very successful and quickly replaced the
sanatoria which provided treatment based on fresh air and isolation! However streptomycin has
several unwelcome side-effects.



•           Nowadays, isoniazid is the main antibiotic of choice because (when activated by
bacterial catalase) it prevents the formation of the waxy component of cell walls in Mycobacterium
tuberculosis which are its main defence. Another antibiotic often used is rifampicin which prevents
bacteria from producing proteins.



•           For treatment of latent TB, isoniazid is used on its own. However this treatment must
be continued for 6-9 months.
Active TB is usually treated with a mixture of antibiotics, switching part way through the
treatment to a completely different antibiotic





•           www.amuseum.de/mikroskopie/mikroskopvortrag3.htm

•           http://www.wadsworth.org/databank/mycotubr.htm