Hydrosphere
                                         Hydrologic cycle

           Veronika Říhová







                                         1. What is water

                                  2. Water on Earth (Hydrosphere)

                                     3. Distribution of water

                               4. Understanding the Hydrologic cycle

                                       and cycle components

                                      5. Why is so important?





1. Water

•                  two hydrogens to each oxygen atoms

•                  molecular formula H[2]O









•                  forms of water : solid, liquid, gaseous phase











Earth is maybe the only planet

where water exists as a liquid



Hydrology = the study of the waters

              of the Earth





Water found on other planet :

•         Mercury  -  3.4% in the atmosphere, and large amounts of                        water in
Mercury's exosphere

•         Venus  - 0.002% in the atmosphere

•         Mars  -  0.03% in the atmosphere

•         Jupiter  -  0.0004% in the atmosphere

•         Saturn  -  in ices only



2. Water on Earth



3. Distribution of water

^



4. Hydrologic cycle – water cycle



A. Evaporation and condensation

•         water vapor condenses in the atmosphere to form clouds

•         the sun´s energy is neccessary to power the cycle



B. Precipitation

•         can be : rain, snow, *hail or **sleet



C. Infiltration, runoff, evapotranspiration

•         the water moves across the land (=runoff) or it may infiltrate into the ground, evaporate
into the air, become stored in lakes or reservoirs



Runoff

•         if precipitation occurs faster than it can infiltrate the ground

•         precipitation collects in : rivers, lakes, oceans …

•         surface runoff and channel runoff (= *streamflow)







Infiltration

•         the flow of water from the ground surface into the ground. Once infiltrated, the water
becomes **soil moisture or groundwater.



Evapotranspiration

                             evaporation  (vapour from the ground or bodies of water )

                                                   +

                                    transpiration (from plants)



5. Conclusion – importance of water cycle

•        water cycle regulates the temp on Earth

•        water travels through the air, falls to the earth

•        this is repeated in a cycle that never stops

•        precipitation creates lakes, rivers, … (water reservoirs)

•        water evaporates and forms clouds

    (influences weather)

•        is responsible for the rain











•       water is essential to life

•       life probably evolved in water

•       human body = 75 % of water





Literature and sources   &



•        LYON, JOHN G. ED. (2003): GIS for Water Resources and Watershed Management. Boca Raton,
CRC Press.



•        MAIDMENT, D.R. ED. (1993): Handbook of Hydrology. 1st edition. London, McGraw-Hill
Professional.



•        VIEUX, B. E. (2004): Distributed Hydrologic Modeling Using GIS. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic
Publishers.



•        http://www.usgs.gov/

•        www.uprct.nsw.gov.au

•        www.chmu.cz

                                   Thank you for your attention