Angličtina pro geografy I
Course materials and homework week VII.
379 University Life
Miki talks about her university.
Pre-listening, discuss with your neighbour.
a) Name some famous American universities.
b) What is multi-culturalism? How can universities be multi-cultural?
c) Who is a nobel laureate?
d) What is scientific engineering?
e) Do you think that students at universities in this country or Slovakia are generally interested in politics?
Listen and answer the Qs.
1. Which university did Miki attend? …………………………………………….
2. Why is the university famous? ………………………………………………..
3. Which natural beauties did she mention?……………………………………
4. Chat happened there during World War II? ………………………………..
5. Where was she living in the first year? ……………………………………..
6. What are co-ops?........................................................................................
7. Where was she working during her studies?.............................................
Listen again and fill in the missing words.
Todd: Miki, you went to UC Berkeley, a very famous university in the U.S. What is your university like? Why is it famous?
Miki: Why is it famous? Well, I suppose historically it's kind of famous, recent history, because it was a center for the freedom of 1 ……….. movement in the 1960's and the civil rights movement, and it's pretty much where multi-culturalism, feminist studies and those sorts of so called liberal political movements were born and they're still quite strong today on campus and so students kind of get drawn to that, the political aspect of it I suppose, also the, it's a research university and it 2 ……… nobel laureates, very famous professors, at the top of their field, it's also quite a beautiful campus, I love the campus, it's not, it's not, how do you say?
Todd: It's not like maybe a college town, or?
Miki: Ah, no, it's not really a college town, of course, because it's right smack in the middle of a metropolitan area which is the Bay Area, and just right across the bay from San Francisco. The 3 …………….. is quite beautiful. There's the ocean to the west. There are mountains to the east and just beautiful 4 ……….. sunsets going down into the Golden Gate. The natural scenery is just beautiful, and the architecture of the campus is quite beautiful too, and apparently during the war, World War II, a number of tests were done on campus in terms of 5 ……………… floral species with each other, and so you have firs next to 6 ……. which is a strange combination. The idea was would they kill each other.
Todd: Oh, Wow! That's awful!
Miki: Yeah, no, so there's some scientific engineering going on on campus.
Todd: But the trees survived?
Miki: Yes, as a 7……………….
Todd: Well, that's good. You can't fool nature.
Miki: No. no, but it is a beautiful campus, and I went there for four years as an undergrad. I lived in the dormitory for the first year and I lived in the co-ops from the second through the fourth year and the co-ops are kind of a housing community that's owned by students, it's run by students and is there for quite cheap so it attracts poor students who work, while they go to school at the same time, and that's who I was. I worked at a restaurant, I worked at a sandwich shop, I worked at a toy store, I worked as a secretary to 8 …………….. school and lived quite cheaply in these co-ops which 9 ……………. also had marvelous parties and almost every weekend there was some party somewhere that one of these co-ops was putting on, and it was really wonderful.
Todd: Wow! 10 …………. like a good time.
Miki: Yeah!
Listen again and fill in the missing words.
Todd: Miki, you went to UC Berkeley, a very famous university in the U.S. What is your university like? Why is it famous?
Miki: Why is it famous? Well, I suppose historically it's kind of famous, recent history, because it was a center for the freedom of speech movement in the 1960's and the civil rights movement, and it's pretty much where multi-culturalism, feminist studies and those sorts of so called liberal political movements were born and they're still quite strong today on campus and so students kind of get drawn to that, the political aspect of it I suppose, also the, it's a research university and it attracts nobel laureates, very famous professors, at the top of their field, it's also quite a beautiful campus, I love the campus, it's not, it's not, how do you say?
Todd: It's not like maybe a college town, or?
Miki: Ah, no, it's not really a college town, of course, because it's right smack in the middle of a metropolitan area which is the Bay Area, and just right across the bay from San Francisco. The natural scenery is quite beautiful. There's the ocean to the west. There are mountains to the east and just beautiful gorgeous sunsets going down into the Golden Gate. The natural scenery is just beautiful, and the architecture of the campus is quite beautiful too, and apparently during the war, World War II, a number of tests were done on campus in terms of integrating floral species with each other, and so you have firs next to cedar which is a strange combination. The idea was would they kill each other.
Todd: Oh, Wow! That's awful!
Miki: Yeah, no, so there's some scientific engineering going on campus.
Todd: But the trees survived?
Miki: Yes, as a matter of fact.
Todd: Well, that's good. You can't fool nature.
Miki: No. no, but it is a beautiful campus, and I went there for four years as an undergrad. I lived in the dormitory for the first year and I lived in the co-ops from the second through the fourth year and the co-ops are kind of a housing community that's owned by students, it's run by students and is there for quite cheap so it attracts poor students who work, while they go to school at the same time, and that's who I was. I worked at a restaurant, I worked at a sandwich shop, I worked at a toy store, I worked as a secretary to put myself through school and lived quite cheaply in these co-ops which incidentally also had marvelous parties and almost every weekend there was some party somewhere that one of these co-ops was putting on, and it was really wonderful.
Todd: Wow! Sounds like a good time.
Miki: Yeah!
Life Expectancy
Overview of Life Expectancy
By Matt Rosenberg, About.com Guide
Jun 14 2010
Pre-reading – Answer these Qs in your pairs.
1) What does the term Life Expectancy mean?
2) What are the reasons for big differences among countries of the world?
3) Can you give possible reasons for sex differences in Life Expectancy? (Why do women live longer?
4) What is the current Life Expectancy for the Czech Republic or Slovakia?
5) Which countries have the highest Life Expectancy?
6) Which countries have the lowest Life Expectancy?
7) How can you influence your Life Expectancy?
8) How did Life Expectancy change in the 20th century?
Reading – Read the first part and try to guess the missing words.
Life expectancy from birth is a frequently utilized and analyzed component of demographic data for the countries of the world. It represents the average life span of a newborn and is an indicator of the overall health of a country. Life expectancy can fall 1) …….. problems like famine, war, disease and poor health. Improvements in health and welfare increase life expectancy. The higher the life expectancy, 2) …………. shape a country is in.
More developed regions of the world generally have 3) ……. life expectancies than less developed regions with lower life expectancies. The regional variation is quite dramatic.
However, some countries like Saudi Arabia have very high GNP per capita but don't have high life expectancies. Alternatively, there are countries like China and Cuba that have low 4) ……….. per capita have reasonably high life expectancies.
Life expectancy rose rapidly in the twentieth century due to improvements 5) …… public health, nutrition and medicine. It's likely that life expectancy of the most developed countries will slowly advance and then reach a peak in the range of the mid-80s in age. Currently, microstates Andorra, San Marino, and Singapore along with Japan have the world's 6) ………… life expectancies (83.5, 82.1, 81.6 and 81.15, respectively).
Unfortunately, AIDS has taken its toll in Africa, Asia and even Latin America by 7) ……….. life expectancy in 34 different countries (26 of them in Africa). Africa is home 8) …… the world's lowest life expectancies with Swaziland (33.2 years), Botswana (33.9 years) and Lesotho (34.5 years) rounding out the bottom.
Between 1998 and 2000, 44 different countries had a 8) ………. of two years or more of their life expectancies from birth and 23 countries increased in life expectancy while 21 countries had a drop.
Read the remaining part of the text and try to explain the meaning of the following expressions.
a) Women are biologically superior.
b) Hazardous occupations
c) Late adulthood
d) Chances of survival
Sex Differences
Women almost always have higher life expectancies than men. Currently, the worldwide life expectancy for all people is 64.3 years but for males it's 62.7 years and for females life expectancy is 66 years, a difference of more than three years. The sex difference ranges from four to six years in North America and Europe to more than 13 years between men and women in Russia.
The reasons for the difference between male and female life expectancy are not fully understood. While some scholars argue that women are biologically superior to men and thus live longer, others argue that men are employed in more hazardous occupations (factories, military service, etc). Plus, men generally drive, smoke and drink more than women - men are even more often murdered.
Historic Life Expectancy
During the Roman Empire, Romans had an approximate life expectancy of 22 to 25 years. In 1900, the world life expectancy was approximately 30 years and in 1985 it was about 62 years, just two years short of today's life expectancy.
Aging
Life expectancy changes as one gets older. By the time a child reaches their first year, their chances of living longer increase. By the time of late adulthood, ones chances of survival to a very old age are quite good. For example, although the life expectancy from birth for all people in the United States is 77.7 years, those who live to age 65 will have an average of almost 18 additional years left to live, making their life expectancy almost 83 years.
Causes and effects: Try to match possible causes of high or low LE and form sentences using appropriate conjunctions (e.g. due to, because of, as a result of, etc.)
High LE famine ability to survive one year
being a male
AIDS military service improved medical care
poor health
Low LE high GNP war
KEY Life expectancy from birth is a frequently utilized and analyzed component of demographic data for the countries of the world. It represents the average life span of a newborn and is an indicator of the overall health of a country. Life expectancy can fall due to problems like famine, war, disease and poor health. Improvements in health and welfare increase life expectancy. The higher the life expectancy, the better shape a country is in.
more developed regions of the world generally have higher life expectancies than less developed regions with lower life expectancies. The regional variation is quite dramatic.
However, some countries like Saudi Arabia have very high GNP per capita but don't have high life expectancies. Alternatively, there are countries like China and Cuba that have low GNP per capita have reasonably high life expectancies.
Life expectancy rose rapidly in the twentieth century due to improvements in public health, nutrition and medicine. It's likely that life expectancy of the most developed countries will slowly advance and then reach a peak in the range of the mid-80s in age. Currently, microstates Andorra, San Marino, and Singapore along with Japan have the world's highest life expectancies (83.5, 82.1, 81.6 and 81.15, respectively).
Unfortunately, AIDS has taken its toll in Africa, Asia and even Latin America by reducing life expectancy in 34 different countries (26 of them in Africa). Africa is home to the world's lowest life expectancies with Swaziland (33.2 years), Botswana (33.9 years) and Lesotho (34.5 years) rounding out the bottom.
Between 1998 and 2000, 44 different countries had a change of two years or more of their life expectancies from birth and 23 countries increased in life expectancy while 21 countries had a drop.
Population Pyramids
Pre-listening
a) What is a Population Pyramid, what does it depict?
b) What are MEDC and LEDC countries?
c) What is dependent population?
d) What is the Demographic Transition Model?
Listening
Listen to and watch the video and answer these questions.
a) What does the shape of the population pyramid for Bangladesh look like?
……………………………………………………………………………..
b) What does it look like for the UK?
………………………………………………………………………………
c) What do the x and y axes show?
……………………………………………………………………………..
d) How do you calculate the dependency ratio?
………………………………………………………………………………
e) Which countries are in the stage III. of the DTM?
……………………………………………………………………………..
f) At which stage does the population start to decline?
……………………………………………………………………………..
Listen for the second time and fill in the missing words.
a) A Population Pyramid is composed of two ……………….standing back to back. It
shows the relative ages and ……………of the population.
b) Average life expectancy in the UK is ………….years due to ……………………….
c) Bangladesh has high …………….., high …………………., low …………………..
d) Sweden has a pyramid almost ……………….in shape which …………….in the middle.
e) The dependent population has to be ……………….by the rest of the population.
f) The UK was at the stage one of the DTM in ……………………………..
g) In the stage II. death rate begins to ……………. because of …………………………………………..
h) Low birth and deaths rates are in the stage ……………….
Population Pyramids KEY
Pre-listening
g) What is a Population Pyramid, what does it depict?
h) What are MEDC and LEDC countries? More and less economically developed c.
i) What is dependent population?
j) What is Demographic Transition Model?
Listening
Listen to and watch the video and answer these questions.
d) What does the shape of the population pyramid for Bangladesh look like?
…………………triangle………………………………………………..
e) What does it look like for the UK?
…………………like rectangle………………………………………………
f) What do the x and y axis show?
……………x quantity y age……………………………..
d) How do you calculate the dependency ratio?
………………pop under 16 over pop between 16-60…………………………
k) Which countries are in the stage III. of the DTM?
…………………Brazil………………………………………..
l) At which stage does the population start to decline?
…………………III.……………………………………..
Listen for the second time and fill in the missing words.
i) A Population Pyramid is composed of two …bar charts….standing back to back. It
shows the relative ages and …makeup…………of the population.
j) Average life expectancy in the UK is …77……….years due to excellent health care…….
k) Bangladesh has high birth rate…….., high …infant mortality……., low life expectancy..
l) Sweden has a pyramid almost …rectangular…….in shape which …bulges….in the middle.
m) The dependent population has to be …supported….by the rest of the population.
n) The UK was at the stage one of the DTM in …1750s………………..
o) In the stage II. death rate begins to …fall……. because of …………health care and hygiene………………..
p) Low birth and deaths rates are in the stage ……IV………….