BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2011 bp.com/statisticalreview What’s inside? 1 Introduction 1 Group chief executive’s introduction 2 2010 in review 6 Oil 6 Reserves 8 Production and consumption 15 Prices 16 Refining 18 Trade movements 20 Natural gas 20 Reserves 22 Production and consumption 27 Prices 28 Trade movements 30 Coal 30 Reserves and prices 32 Production and consumption 35 Nuclear energy 35 Consumption 36 Hydroelectricity 36 Consumption 38 Renewable energy 38 Other renewables consumption 39 Biofuels production 40 Primary energy 40 Consumption 41 Consumption by fuel 44 Appendices 44 Approximate conversion factors 44 Definitions 45 More information About this Review For 60 years, the BP Statistical Review of World Energy has provided high-quality, objective and globally consistent data on world energy markets. The Review is one of the most widely respected and authoritative publications in the field of energy economics, used for reference by the media, academia, world governments and energy companies. A new edition is published every June. Methodology The following methodological changes have been made to this year’s Review: • Fuels used as inputs for conversion technologies (gas-to-liquids, coal-to-liquids, and coal-to-gas) are counted as production for the source fuel and the outputs are counted as consumption for the converted fuel. • A new table has been added to the Review for consumption of commercial electricity produced from renewable sources. Electricity from renewable sources is converted to tonnes of oil equivalent following the same methodology used for nuclear and hydroelectricity, and is included in the primary energy consumption calculation. • A new table has been added for biofuels production. Biofuels consumption continues to be included in oil consumption data (see footnotes to oil consumption table). Find out more online BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2011 is available online at www.bp.com/statisticalreview. The website contains all the tables and charts found in the latest printed edition, plus a number of extras, including: • Historical data from 1965 for many sections. • Additional data for natural gas, coal, hydroelectricity, nuclear energy, electricity and renewables. • An energy charting tool, where you can view predetermined reports or chart specific data according to energy type, region and year. • An oil, natural gas and LNG conversion calculator. • PDF versions and PowerPoint slide packs of the charts, maps and graphs, plus an Excel workbook of the historical data. Appendices For approximate conversion factors and definitions see page 44. View or order this Review at bp.com/statisticalreview About BP BP is one of the world’s largest oil and gas companies, serving millions of customers in more than 90 countries across six continents. Our business segments are Exploration and Production, and Refining and Marketing. Through these business segments, we provide fuel for transportation, retail brands and energy for heat and light. Disclaimer The data series for proved oil and gas reserves in BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2011 does not necessarily meet the definitions, guidelines and practices used for determining proved reserves at company level, for instance, under UK accounting rules contained in the Statement of Recommended Practice, ‘Accounting for Oil and Gas Exploration, Development, Production and Decommissioning Activities’ (UK SORP) or as published by the US Securities and Exchange Commission, nor does it necessarily represent BP’s view of proved reserves by country. Rather, the data series has been compiled using a combination of primary official sources and third-party data. Guide to navigation BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2011 uses the following icons and colour coding to help you navigate your way quickly and easily through the document. Icons and colours represent various energy types so you can see, at a glance, which section you are in. Oil Natural gas Coal Nuclear energy Hydroelectricity Renewable energy Primary energy 1 Group chief executive’s introduction Bob Dudley Group Chief Executive June 2011 Energy in 2010 – a strong rebound Welcome to the 60th anniversary edition of the BP Statistical Review of World Energy. Sixty years is a long time, and the energy world has seen breathtaking change over this period – in technology, in political and economic systems, and in many other facets of the environment in which companies like ours operate. And yet the need for rigorous information on global energy seems more important today than ever. The data has changed dramatically – but this Review’s purpose remains the same as it was in 1951: to provide the most timely, objective global energy data available. The Statistical Review has evolved in response to changes in the world’s energy mix, as well as the increasingly global markets that distribute that energy. What began as a review of global oil data has expanded over the years to include natural gas, coal, nuclear energy and hydroelectricity. Additional online content was added as the internet grew in importance. This year, we are including for the first time in the printed Review tables on renewable energy. The story told by the data in this year’s Review is that of a strong rebound of global energy consumption in 2010, following the global recession. Consumption growth reached 5.6%, the highest rate since 1973. It increased strongly for all forms of energy and in all regions. Total consumption of energy in 2010 easily surpassed the pre-recession peak reached in 2008. While consumption in emerging economies continued to rise rapidly, OECD countries also saw growth well above average. Globally, energy consumption grew more rapidly than the economy, meaning that the energy intensity of economic activity increased for a second consecutive year. The data implies that global CO2 emissions from fossil fuel consumption will also have grown strongly last year. These facts pose important questions for our industry and the countries where we produce and provide energy. They demonstrate the need to redouble efforts to reduce energy intensity and pursue a sustainable mix for the future. They also point to the need for continuing investment to provide the increasing volumes of energy that the world requires – all the time making sure that safety is our utmost priority, something of which we are very mindful in BP, following last year’s tragedy in the Gulf of Mexico. Encouragingly, last year, the strong recovery in energy consumption was accompanied by strong growth in production. However, energy prices diverged: oil prices rebounded globally, while natural gas and coal prices varied by region. Not surprisingly, higher prices meant that oil saw the weakest consumption growth among fossil fuels last year. OPEC production cuts, instituted during the global recession, remained in effect throughout 2010 (and so far this year) and informal production increases were not sufficient to avoid higher prices in the face of the strong recovery in consumption. Natural gas prices remained weak in North America – where production of shale gas continued to climb – and were on average lower in continental Europe, in part due to changes in contractual pricing arrangements. Global LNG and UK spot prices increased more strongly in the face of robust consumption growth. Coal prices grew robustly in Europe, but were weak in the US and Japan. Events so far this year have kept the world’s focus on energy: the tragic tsunami in Japan and unrest in the Arab world have disrupted energy flows, and rising prices ‘at the pump’ have raised concerns about slowing the economic recovery. In uncertain times such as these, the Statistical Review’s long-standing focus on objective global energy data provides much-needed perspective to help inform thinking in business, governments and civil society. We hope that you will find this 60th edition to be a useful source of information and insight. I would like to thank BP’s economics team and all those around the world who have helped prepare this Review – in particular those in government in many countries who report the official data. 2 2010 in review Overview Global energy consumption in 2010 rebounded strongly, driven by economic recovery. The growth in energy consumption was broad-based, with mature OECD economies joining non-OECD countries in growing at above-average rates. All forms of energy grew strongly, with growth in fossil fuels suggesting that global CO2 emissions from energy use grew at the fastest rate since 1969. Energy price developments were mixed. Oil prices remained in the $70-80 range for much of the year before rising in the fourth quarter. With the OPEC production cuts implemented in 2008/09 still in place, average oil prices for the year as a whole were the second-highest on record. Natural gas prices grew strongly in the UK and in markets indexed to oil prices (including much of the world’s LNG); but prices remained weak in North America – where shale gas production continued to increase – and in continental Europe (partly due to a growing share of spot-priced deliveries). Coal prices remained weak in Japan and North America, but rose strongly in Europe. 1 Global energy consumption; the strongest growth since 1973. +5.6% China’s share of global energy consumption; the world’s largest. 20.3% Images 1 Downtown Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 2 Deepwater Gunashli platform, Azerbaijan. Energy developments World primary energy consumption – which this year includes for the first time a time series for commercial renewable energy – grew by 5.6% in 2010, the largest increase (in percentage terms) since 1973. Consumption in OECD countries grew by 3.5%, the strongest growth rate since 1984, although the level of OECD consumption remains roughly in line with that seen 10 years ago. Non-OECD consumption grew by 7.5% and was 63% above the 2000 level. Consumption growth accelerated in 2010 for all regions, and growth was above average in all regions. Chinese energy consumption grew by 11.2%, and China surpassed the US as the world’s largest energy consumer. Oil remains the world’s leading fuel, at 33.6% of global energy consumption, but oil continued to lose market share for the 11th consecutive year. 3 2010 in review Oil 2 Dated Brent averaged $79.50 per barrel in 2010, an increase of 29% from the 2009 but still nearly $18 per barrel below the 2008 record level. Other benchmark crudes registered similar increases. Very strong consumption growth and continuing OPEC production restraint helped to push prices higher late in the year, with prices reaching a peak near $94 at year-end. After falling for two consecutive years, global oil consumption grew by 2.7 million barrels per day (b/d), or 3.1%, to reach a record level of 87.4 million b/d. This was the largest percentage increase since 2004 but still the weakest global growth rate among fossil fuels. OECD consumption grew by 0.9% (480,000 b/d), the first increase since 2005. Outside the OECD, consumption growth was a record 2.2 million b/d, or 5.5%. Growth remained robust in China and Middle Eastern countries, with Chinese consumption growing by 860,000 b/d or 10.4%. Driven by the economic recovery, middle distillates (+4.4%) were the fastest-growing refined product category globally. Global oil production increased by 1.8 million b/d, or 2.2%, but did not match the rapid growth in consumption. The gains in production were shared between OPEC and non-OPEC producers. OPEC production cuts implemented late in 2008 were maintained throughout 2010, although relaxed production discipline and rising output not subject to production allocations resulted in an increase of 960,000 b/d, or 2.5%. The largest increases were in Nigeria (+340,000 b/d) and Qatar (+220,000 b/d). Oil production outside OPEC grew by 860,000 b/d, or 1.8%, the largest increase since 2002. Growth was led by China – which recorded its largest production increase ever – the US, and Russia. Continued declines in Norway – which saw the world’s largest decline – and the UK partly offset growth elsewhere. Non-OPEC countries accounted for 58.2% of global oil production in 2010, roughly the same share as in 2000. Global crude runs increased by 1.8 million b/d, or 2.4%. Non-OECD countries accounted for 85% of the increase, and for the first time accounted for a majority of global throughput. Chinese throughput grew by 1 million b/d, or 13.4%. Global refinery capacity utilization rose to 81.5%. Refining capacity increased by 720,000 b/d last year, the slowest growth since 2003. However, the aggregate growth figure hides net reductions in the OECD markets of Europe, Japan, the US and Canada. Capacity additions were concentrated in the non-OECD, with growth in China (640,000 b/d) accounting for almost 90% of the global total. Installed refining capacity in the non-OECD now exceeds that of the OECD by 1.5 million b/d. After two consecutive declines, global oil trade grew by 2.2%, or 1.2 million b/d, with net Asia Pacific imports accounting for nearly 90% of the growth. Net imports grew robustly in China (+14.6%, 680,000 b/d) and Japan (+7.1%, 280,000 b/d). Net export growth was largely from the Former Soviet Union (+7.2%, 570,000 b/d) and the Middle East (+2.6%, 470,000 b/d). The growth in global trade was roughly split between crude and refined products, though crude still accounts for 70% of global oil trade. Growth in global oil consumption; the weakest among fossil fuels. +3.1% 4 2010 in review Natural gas 1 World natural gas consumption grew by 7.4%, the most rapid increase since 1984. Consumption growth was above average in all regions except the Middle East. The US had the world’s largest increase in consumption (in volumetric terms), rising by 5.6% and to a new record high. Russia and China also registered large increases – the largest volumetric increases in the country’s history in each case. Consumption in other Asian countries also grew rapidly (+10.7%), led by a 21.5% increase in India. Global natural gas production grew by 7.3%. Production grew rapidly in Russia (+11.6%, with the world’s largest volumetric increase), the US (+4.7%) and Qatar (+30.7%). The US remained the world’s largest producer, with supply of unconventional gas continuing to grow despite weak North American natural gas prices (which traded at record discounts to crude oil in 2011) – while Canadian production saw the world’s largest decline, falling for a fourth consecutive year. Global natural gas trade increased by a robust 10.1% in 2010. A 22.6% increase in LNG shipments was driven by a 53.2% increase in Qatari shipments. Among LNG importers, the largest volumetric growth was in South Korea, the UK and Japan. LNG now accounts for 30.5% of global gas trade. Pipeline shipments grew by 5.4%, led by growth in Russian exports. Natural gas consumption growth; the strongest since 1984. +7.4% 5 2010 in review Other fuels 2 Coal consumption grew by 7.6% in 2010, the fastest global growth since 2003. Coal now accounts for 29.6% of global energy consumption, up from 25.6% 10 years ago. Chinese consumption grew by 10.1%; China last year consumed 48.2% of the world’s coal and accounted for nearly two-thirds of global consumption growth. But consumption growth was robust elsewhere as well: OECD consumption grew by 5.2%, the strongest growth since 1979, with strong growth in all regions. Global coal production grew by 6.3%, with China (+9%) again accounting for two-thirds of global growth. Elsewhere, coal production grew robustly in the US and Asia but fell in the EU, helping to explain the relative strength of coal prices in Europe. Global hydroelectric and nuclear output each saw the strongest increases since 2004. Hydroelectric output grew by 5.3%, with China accounting for more than 60% of global growth due to a combination of new capacity and wet weather. Worldwide nuclear output grew by 2%, with three-quarters of the increase coming from OECD countries. French nuclear output rose by 4.4%, accounting for the largest volumetric increase in the world. Other renewable energy sources continued to grow rapidly. Global biofuels production in 2010 grew by 13.8%, or 240,000 b/d, constituting one of the largest sources of liquids production growth in the world. Growth was driven by the US (+140,000 b/d, or 17%) and Brazil (+50,000 b/d, or 11.5%). Renewable energy used in power generation grew by 15.5%, driven by continued robust growth in wind energy (+22.7%). The increase in wind energy in turn was driven by China and the US, which together accounted for nearly 70% of global growth. These forms of renewable energy accounted for 1.8% of global energy consumption, up from 0.6% in 2000. Additional information – including historical time series for the fuels reported in this Review; further detail on renewable forms of energy; and electricity generation – is available at www.bp.com/statisticalreview. Acknowledgements We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the many contacts worldwide who provide the publicly-available data for this publication, and to the researchers at the Heriot-Watt University Energy Academy who assist in the data compilation. Coal’s share of global energy consumption; the highest since 1970. 29.6% Share of renewables in global energy consumption. 1.8% Chinese share of global coal consumption. 48.2% 3 4 5 Images 1 Gas reception facility, Peterhead power station, Aberdeenshire, UK. 2 Digger working in a coal mine. 3 Hoover Dam, Nevada, US. 4 Palo Verde nuclear power plant, Nevada, US. 5 Producing cellulosic ethanol at Verenium’s cellulosic biofuels business, Louisiana, US. 6 Oil Proved reserves At end 1990 At end 2000 At end 2009 At end 2010 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand million million million million million Share R/P barrels barrels barrels tonnes barrels of total ratio US 33.8 30.4 30.9 3.7 30.9 2.2% 11.3 Canada 11.2 18.3 32.1 5.0 32.1 2.3% 26.3 Mexico 51.3 20.2 11.7 1.6 11.4 0.8% 10.6 Total North America 96.3 68.9 74.6 10.3 74.3 5.4% 14.8 Argentina 1.6 3.0 2.5 0.3 2.5 0.2% 10.6 Brazil 4.5 8.5 12.9 2.0 14.2 1.0% 18.3 Colombia 2.0 2.0 1.4 0.3 1.9 0.1% 6.5 Ecuador 1.4 4.6 6.3 0.9 6.2 0.4% 34.1 Peru 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.2 1.2 0.1% 21.6 Trinidad & Tobago 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.1 0.8 0.1% 15.6 Venezuela 60.1 76.8 211.2 30.4 211.2 15.3% * Other S. & Cent. America 0.6 1.3 1.4 0.2 1.4 0.1% 28.9 Total S. & Cent. America 71.5 97.9 237.6 34.3 239.4 17.3% 93.9 Azerbaijan n/a 1.2 7.0 1.0 7.0 0.5% 18.5 Denmark 0.6 1.1 0.9 0.1 0.9 0.1% 9.9 Italy 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.1 1.0 0.1% 25.0 Kazakhstan n/a 25.0 39.8 5.5 39.8 2.9% 62.1 Norway 8.6 11.4 7.1 0.8 6.7 0.5% 8.5 Romania 1.5 1.2 0.5 0.1 0.5 ◆ 14.8 Russian Federation n/a 59.0 76.7 10.6 77.4 5.6% 20.6 Turkmenistan n/a 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.6 ◆ 7.6 United Kingdom 4.0 4.7 2.8 0.4 2.8 0.2% 5.8 Uzbekistan n/a 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.6 ◆ 18.7 Other Europe & Eurasia 65.3 2.3 2.3 0.3 2.4 0.2% 17.5 Total Europe & Eurasia 80.8 107.9 139.2 19.0 139.7 10.1% 21.7 Iran 92.9 99.5 137.0 18.8 137.0 9.9% 88.4 Iraq 100.0 112.5 115.0 15.5 115.0 8.3% * Kuwait 97.0 96.5 101.5 14.0 101.5 7.3% * Oman 4.4 5.8 5.5 0.7 5.5 0.4% 17.4 Qatar 3.0 16.9 25.9 2.7 25.9 1.9% 45.2 Saudi Arabia 260.3 262.8 264.6 36.3 264.5 19.1% 72.4 Syria 1.9 2.3 2.5 0.3 2.5 0.2% 17.8 United Arab Emirates 98.1 97.8 97.8 13.0 97.8 7.1% 94.1 Yemen 2.0 2.4 2.7 0.3 2.7 0.2% 27.7 Other Middle East 0.1 0.2 0.1 † 0.1 ◆ 9.3 Total Middle East 659.6 696.7 752.6 101.8 752.5 54.4% 81.9 Algeria 9.2 11.3 12.2 1.5 12.2 0.9% 18.5 Angola 1.6 6.0 13.5 1.8 13.5 1.0% 20.0 Chad – 0.9 1.5 0.2 1.5 0.1% 33.7 Republic of Congo (Brazzaville) 0.8 1.7 1.9 0.3 1.9 0.1% 18.2 Egypt 3.5 3.6 4.4 0.6 4.5 0.3% 16.7 Equatorial Guinea – 0.8 1.7 0.2 1.7 0.1% 17.1 Gabon 0.9 2.4 3.7 0.5 3.7 0.3% 41.2 Libya 22.8 36.0 46.4 6.0 46.4 3.4% 76.7 Nigeria 17.1 29.0 37.2 5.0 37.2 2.7% 42.4 Sudan 0.3 0.6 6.7 0.9 6.7 0.5% 37.8 Tunisia 1.7 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.4 ◆ 14.6 Other Africa 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.2 2.3 0.2% 44.2 Total Africa 58.7 93.4 130.3 17.4 132.1 9.5% 35.8 Australia 3.2 4.9 4.1 0.4 4.1 0.3% 19.9 Brunei 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.1 1.1 0.1% 17.5 China 16.0 15.2 14.8 2.0 14.8 1.1% 9.9 India 5.6 5.3 5.8 1.2 9.0 0.7% 30.0 Indonesia 5.4 5.1 4.3 0.6 4.2 0.3% 11.8 Malaysia 3.6 4.5 5.8 0.8 5.8 0.4% 22.2 Thailand 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.4 ◆ 3.6 Vietnam 0.2 2.0 4.5 0.6 4.4 0.3% 32.6 Other Asia Pacific 1.0 1.3 1.3 0.2 1.3 0.1% 11.3 Total Asia Pacific 36.3 40.1 42.2 6.0 45.2 3.3% 14.8 TotalWorld 1003.2 1104.9 1376.6 188.8 1383.2 100.0% 46.2 of which: OECD 115.4 93.3 92.0 12.4 91.4 6.6% 13.5 OPEC 763.4 849.7 1068.6 146.0 1068.4 77.2% 85.3 Non-OPEC‡ 176.5 168.2 182.6 25.5 188.7 13.6% 15.1 European Union # 8.1 8.8 6.2 0.8 6.3 0.5% 8.8 Former Soviet Union 63.3 87.1 125.4 17.3 126.1 9.1% 25.6 Canadian oil sands• n/a 163.3 143.1 23.3 143.1 Proved reserves and oil sands n/a 1268.2 1519.6 212.0 1526.3 *M ore than 100 years. ◆Less than 0.05%. †L ess than 0.05. ‡E xcludes Former Soviet Union. #E xcludes Lithuania and Slovenia in 1990. •‘ Remaining established reserves’, less reserves ‘under active development’. Notes: Proved reserves of oil – Generally taken to be those quantities that geological and engineering information indicates with reasonable certainty can be recovered in the future from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions. Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratio – If the reserves remaining at the end of any year are divided by the production in that year, the result is the length of time that those remaining reserves would last if production were to continue at that rate. Source of data – The estimates in this table have been compiled using a combination of primary official sources, third-party data from the OPEC Secretariat, Oil & Gas Journal and an independent estimate of Russian reserves based on information in the public domain. Canadian proved reserves include an official 26.5 billion barrels for oil sands ‘under active development’. Venezuelan reserves are taken from the OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin, that noted in 2008 that the figure included ‘proven reserves of the Magna Reserve Project in the Orinoco Belt, which amounted to 94,168mb’. Reserves include gas condensate and natural gas liquids (NGLs) as well as crude oil. Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand million barrels figures. 7 Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios Years 0 100 80 40 60 20 North America S. & Cent. America Europe & Eurasia Middle East Africa Asia Pacific 2010 by region 0 160 150 140 130 120 100 110 80 90 30 60 50 40 70 10 20 80 85 90 95 00 05 10 World North America S. & Cent. America Europe & Eurasia Africa Middle East Asia Pacific History World proved oil reserves in 2010 were sufficient to meet 46.2 years of global production, down slightly from the 2009 R/P ratio because of a large increase in world production; global proved reserves rose slightly last year. An increase in Venezuelan official reserve estimates drove Latin America’s R/P ratio to 93.9 years – the world’s largest, surpassing the Middle East. 65.7 9.5 54.43.3 5.4 10.1 17.3 2010 Total 1383.2 thousand million barrels2000 Total 1104.9 thousand million barrels 8.9 8.5 6.2 3.6 63.1 9.81990 Total 1003.2 thousand million barrels 8.1 3.6 9.6 5.9 7.1 Distribution of proved reserves in 1990, 2000 and 2010 Percentage Middle East S. & Cent. America Europe & Eurasia Africa North America Asia Pacific 8 Production* Change 2010 over Thousand barrels daily 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2009 of total US 7733 7669 7626 7400 7228 6895 6841 6847 6734 7271 7513 3.2% 8.7% Canada 2721 2677 2858 3004 3085 3041 3208 3297 3251 3224 3336 4.3% 4.2% Mexico 3450 3560 3585 3789 3824 3760 3683 3471 3167 2979 2958 -0.8% 3.7% Total North America 13904 13906 14069 14193 14137 13696 13732 13616 13152 13474 13808 2.5% 16.6% Argentina 819 830 818 806 754 725 716 699 682 676 651 -3.8% 0.8% Brazil 1268 1337 1499 1555 1542 1716 1809 1833 1899 2029 2137 5.3% 2.7% Colombia 711 627 601 564 551 554 559 561 616 685 801 16.9% 1.0% Ecuador 409 416 401 427 535 541 545 520 514 495 495 ◆ 0.6% Peru 100 98 98 92 94 111 116 114 120 145 157 8.2% 0.2% Trinidad & Tobago 138 135 155 164 152 171 174 154 149 151 146 -4.3% 0.2% Venezuela 3239 3142 2895 2554 2907 2937 2808 2613 2558 2438 2471 1.4% 3.2% Other S. & Cent. America 130 137 152 153 144 142 139 141 139 133 131 -1.6% 0.2% Total S. & Cent. America 6813 6722 6619 6314 6680 6898 6865 6635 6676 6753 6989 3.5% 8.9% Azerbaijan 282 301 311 313 315 452 654 869 915 1033 1037 0.5% 1.3% Denmark 363 348 371 368 390 377 342 311 287 265 249 -5.8% 0.3% Italy 95 86 115 116 113 127 120 122 108 95 106 11.7% 0.1% Kazakhstan 744 836 1018 1111 1297 1356 1426 1484 1554 1688 1757 4.4% 2.1% Norway 3346 3418 3333 3264 3189 2969 2779 2551 2459 2358 2137 -9.4% 2.5% Romania 131 130 127 123 119 114 105 99 98 93 89 -4.7% 0.1% Russian Federation 6536 7056 7698 8544 9287 9552 9769 9978 9888 10035 10270 2.2% 12.9% Turkmenistan 144 162 182 202 193 192 186 198 207 210 216 2.8% 0.3% United Kingdom 2667 2476 2463 2257 2028 1809 1636 1638 1526 1452 1339 -7.7% 1.6% Uzbekistan 177 171 171 166 152 126 125 114 114 107 87 -17.8% 0.1% Other Europe & Eurasia 465 466 501 509 497 469 458 453 432 411 374 -7.0% 0.5% Total Europe & Eurasia 14950 15450 16289 16973 17580 17542 17599 17815 17590 17745 17661 -0.4% 21.8% Iran 3855 3892 3709 4183 4248 4234 4286 4322 4327 4199 4245 0.9% 5.2% Iraq 2614 2523 2116 1344 2030 1833 1999 2143 2428 2442 2460 0.6% 3.1% Kuwait 2206 2148 1995 2329 2475 2618 2690 2636 2782 2489 2508 0.6% 3.1% Oman 959 960 904 824 786 778 742 715 754 813 865 5.9% 1.0% Qatar 757 754 764 879 992 1028 1110 1197 1378 1345 1569 13.5% 1.7% Saudi Arabia 9491 9209 8928 10164 10638 11114 10853 10449 10846 9893 10007 0.7% 12.0% Syria 548 581 548 527 495 450 435 415 398 375 385 2.7% 0.5% United Arab Emirates 2620 2551 2390 2695 2847 2983 3149 3053 3088 2750 2849 3.5% 3.3% Yemen 450 455 457 448 420 416 380 345 304 287 264 -7.9% 0.3% Other Middle East 48 47 48 48 48 34 32 35 33 37 38 0.6% ◆ Total Middle East 23547 23120 21858 23442 24981 25488 25675 25309 26338 24629 25188 1.7% 30.3% Algeria 1578 1562 1680 1852 1946 2015 2003 2016 1993 1818 1809 -0.3% 2.0% Angola 746 742 905 870 1103 1405 1421 1684 1875 1784 1851 3.8% 2.3% Chad – – – 24 168 173 153 144 127 118 122 3.5% 0.2% Republic of Congo (Brazzaville) 254 234 238 217 223 245 278 228 241 270 292 8.1% 0.4% Egypt 781 758 751 749 721 696 697 710 722 742 736 -0.6% 0.9% Equatorial Guinea 91 177 230 266 351 358 342 350 347 307 274 -10.8% 0.3% Gabon 327 301 295 240 235 234 235 230 235 230 245 6.5% 0.3% Libya 1475 1427 1375 1485 1623 1745 1815 1820 1820 1652 1659 0.5% 2.0% Nigeria 2155 2274 2103 2238 2431 2499 2420 2305 2113 2061 2402 16.2% 2.9% Sudan 174 217 241 265 301 305 331 468 480 479 486 1.5% 0.6% Tunisia 78 71 74 68 71 73 70 97 89 83 80 -4.7% 0.1% Other Africa 144 134 135 138 164 154 153 166 162 155 143 -8.0% 0.2% Total Africa 7804 7897 8028 8411 9336 9902 9918 10218 10204 9698 10098 4.2% 12.2% Australia 809 733 730 624 582 580 551 555 555 520 562 8.9% 0.6% Brunei 193 203 210 214 210 206 221 194 175 168 172 2.5% 0.2% China 3252 3306 3346 3401 3481 3637 3705 3737 3809 3800 4071 7.1% 5.2% India 726 727 753 756 773 738 762 769 768 754 826 9.8% 1.0% Indonesia 1456 1387 1289 1176 1130 1090 996 972 1003 990 986 -0.3% 1.2% Malaysia 735 719 757 776 793 759 747 763 768 739 716 -3.1% 0.8% Thailand 176 191 204 236 223 265 286 305 321 331 334 0.9% 0.4% Vietnam 328 350 354 364 427 398 367 337 317 345 370 6.9% 0.5% Other Asia Pacific 200 195 193 195 235 286 305 320 340 329 312 -4.7% 0.3% Total Asia Pacific 7874 7811 7837 7742 7854 7959 7940 7951 8054 7978 8350 4.9% 10.2% TotalWorld 74893 74906 74700 77075 80568 81485 81729 81544 82015 80278 82095 2.2% 100.0% of which: OECD 21531 21314 21440 21174 20775 19870 19463 19114 18414 18471 18490 0.2% 22.1% Non-OECD 53361 53592 53260 55900 59793 61616 62266 62430 63600 61807 63605 2.7% 77.9% OPEC 31145 30640 29261 31020 33776 34951 35098 34757 35722 33365 34324 2.5% 41.5% Non-OPEC‡ 35734 35606 35907 35556 35385 34695 34315 33991 33466 33699 34287 1.9% 41.7% European Union 3493 3285 3339 3128 2902 2659 2422 2388 2222 2088 1951 -6.5% 2.4% Former Soviet Union 8014 8660 9533 10499 11407 11839 12316 12795 12827 13214 13484 2.0% 16.8% * I ncludes crude oil, shale oil, oil sands and NGLs (the liquid content of natural gas where this is recovered separately). Excludes liquid fuels from other sources such as biomass and coal derivatives. ◆ Less than 0.05%. Excludes Former Soviet Union. Note: Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using million tonnes per annum figures. 2010 share ‡ 9 Consumption* Change 2010 over Thousand barrels daily 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2009 of total US 19701 19649 19761 20033 20732 20802 20687 20680 19498 18771 19148 2.0% 21.1% Canada 1922 2008 2051 2115 2231 2229 2246 2323 2288 2179 2276 5.4% 2.5% Mexico 1950 1939 1864 1909 1985 2032 2021 2070 2055 1996 1994 -1.2% 2.2% Total North America 23574 23595 23676 24058 24947 25063 24955 25073 23841 22946 23418 2.1% 25.8% Argentina 434 431 391 403 423 447 468 528 553 521 557 8.5% 0.6% Brazil 2018 2047 2030 2010 2020 2078 2094 2234 2382 2399 2604 9.3% 2.9% Chile 233 227 225 225 238 251 261 343 353 335 314 -6.0% 0.4% Colombia 235 219 214 214 218 232 241 233 230 228 238 4.1% 0.3% Ecuador 128 131 130 136 140 166 179 193 203 216 226 5.0% 0.3% Peru 153 146 146 139 152 152 147 153 172 176 184 3.6% 0.2% Trinidad & Tobago 36 28 33 31 36 41 46 47 43 41 43 4.4% 0.1% Venezuela 559 622 660 535 582 628 661 682 712 729 765 4.7% 0.9% Other S. & Cent. America 1060 1106 1112 1132 1138 1149 1173 1210 1186 1182 1174 -1.0% 1.4% Total S. & Cent. America 4855 4956 4941 4825 4946 5144 5271 5622 5835 5827 6104 5.0% 7.0% Austria 242 263 269 291 283 292 292 275 277 267 269 0.2% 0.3% Azerbaijan 120 79 73 84 90 106 96 91 73 70 73 4.0% 0.1% Belarus 140 146 142 146 151 145 162 150 166 188 133 -29.3% 0.2% Belgium & Luxembourg 694 662 682 738 759 762 748 752 818 679 715 4.8% 0.9% Bulgaria 88 92 96 111 104 110 117 114 119 124 93 -25.6% 0.1% Czech Republic 167 177 172 184 202 210 207 205 209 204 195 -5.0% 0.2% Denmark 212 202 197 189 186 194 198 200 196 178 180 2.0% 0.2% Finland 220 218 222 235 221 229 222 223 222 209 219 4.9% 0.3% France 1994 2010 1953 1952 1963 1946 1942 1911 1889 1822 1744 -4.7% 2.1% Germany 2746 2787 2697 2648 2619 2592 2609 2380 2502 2409 2441 1.1% 2.9% Greece 398 403 406 395 428 426 444 435 427 407 372 -8.7% 0.5% Hungary 144 141 139 137 141 163 168 168 164 154 146 -5.2% 0.2% Republic of Ireland 167 182 179 175 181 191 191 195 187 166 158 -5.0% 0.2% Italy 1930 1920 1915 1900 1850 1798 1791 1740 1661 1563 1532 -2.7% 1.8% Kazakhstan 162 179 191 209 223 236 239 247 266 253 262 3.2% 0.3% Lithuania 48 55 51 50 53 57 58 58 63 54 55 3.0% 0.1% Netherlands 879 922 933 943 984 1049 1070 1123 1069 1041 1057 0.9% 1.2% Norway 204 216 211 229 219 221 226 235 225 230 239 3.5% 0.3% Poland 426 419 430 441 469 487 512 531 549 549 568 3.9% 0.7% Portugal 318 321 332 311 315 324 294 296 278 263 261 -1.6% 0.3% Romania 197 211 220 194 224 218 214 218 216 195 192 -1.4% 0.2% Russian Federation 2698 2688 2730 2755 2767 2777 2893 2913 3036 2936 3199 9.2% 3.7% Slovakia 73 67 75 70 67 80 72 76 82 79 78 -0.3% 0.1% Spain 1425 1469 1473 1533 1600 1623 1608 1629 1587 1525 1505 -1.6% 1.8% Sweden 339 349 356 360 347 349 356 342 333 307 305 -0.1% 0.4% Switzerland 260 278 264 257 255 260 266 241 256 260 242 -7.1% 0.3% Turkey 668 636 647 653 658 648 629 651 657 615 624 1.7% 0.7% Turkmenistan 78 82 85 94 96 101 103 111 117 120 125 3.6% 0.1% Ukraine 253 284 282 295 310 296 308 338 323 288 256 -13.2% 0.3% United Kingdom 1704 1704 1700 1723 1766 1806 1788 1716 1683 1610 1590 -1.0% 1.8% Uzbekistan 154 148 145 156 144 111 112 103 101 101 104 2.8% 0.1% Other Europe & Eurasia 433 461 483 509 526 553 562 602 608 581 578 -0.7% 0.7% Total Europe & Eurasia 19582 19769 19750 19966 20198 20356 20498 20271 20358 19448 19510 0.1% 22.9% Iran 1304 1322 1423 1509 1578 1641 1728 1718 1822 1787 1799 1.0% 2.1% Israel 279 260 260 267 251 257 251 264 259 246 242 -2.2% 0.3% Kuwait 249 253 273 296 327 359 333 338 359 399 413 2.8% 0.4% Qatar 60 73 84 95 107 122 136 153 174 176 220 18.1% 0.2% Saudi Arabia 1578 1622 1668 1780 1913 2001 2074 2200 2387 2624 2812 7.1% 3.1% United Arab Emirates 396 400 439 488 515 553 584 617 654 616 682 8.4% 0.8% Other Middle East 1155 1218 1228 1180 1255 1291 1390 1446 1499 1584 1653 3.8% 2.0% Total Middle East 5021 5148 5374 5615 5946 6225 6497 6736 7153 7433 7821 4.6% 8.9% Algeria 191 198 221 230 239 250 258 286 309 327 327 -0.1% 0.4% Egypt 552 537 524 540 556 616 598 638 680 719 757 5.4% 0.9% South Africa 457 468 480 497 513 514 528 549 528 517 531 2.7% 0.6% Other Africa 1238 1278 1315 1344 1400 1455 1439 1501 1580 1632 1676 2.6% 2.0% Total Africa 2439 2481 2540 2611 2708 2835 2824 2974 3097 3195 3291 3.0% 3.9% Australia 831 839 839 844 855 886 918 925 936 931 941 0.8% 1.1% Bangladesh 65 80 80 83 83 94 93 93 98 100 101 0.4% 0.1% China 4766 4859 5262 5771 6738 6944 7437 7817 7937 8201 9057 10.4% 10.6% China Hong Kong SAR 201 243 267 269 313 285 305 324 293 280 324 15.2% 0.4% India 2261 2288 2376 2420 2574 2567 2571 2835 3068 3211 3319 2.9% 3.9% Indonesia 1143 1160 1207 1232 1306 1295 1240 1270 1264 1289 1304 0.7% 1.5% Japan 5530 5394 5320 5413 5238 5334 5203 5029 4836 4391 4451 1.5% 5.0% Malaysia 460 479 521 513 533 523 512 542 544 538 556 3.3% 0.6% New Zealand 131 131 136 147 148 152 155 155 156 147 147 0.1% 0.2% Pakistan 371 365 356 319 324 311 354 385 386 412 410 -0.6% 0.5% Philippines 347 345 329 329 338 315 285 300 265 281 282 0.1% 0.3% Singapore 645 706 690 660 739 817 865 941 990 1067 1185 10.9% 1.5% South Korea 2252 2259 2308 2326 2283 2308 2317 2389 2287 2326 2384 2.5% 2.6% Taiwan 882 936 954 994 1039 1049 1039 1093 990 983 1026 4.7% 1.1% Thailand 835 831 886 953 1040 1096 1097 1088 1090 1121 1128 0.5% 1.2% Vietnam 171 186 205 220 263 258 254 283 300 304 338 10.4% 0.4% Other Asia Pacific 242 252 251 256 268 269 270 284 275 283 286 0.9% 0.3% Total Asia Pacific 21135 21353 21987 22750 24081 24503 24914 25753 25715 25866 27237 5.3% 31.5% TotalWorld 76605 77304 78268 79823 82827 84126 84958 86428 85999 84714 87382 3.1% 100.0% of which: OECD 48128 48139 48106 48734 49566 49996 49794 49611 48053 45963 46438 0.9% 52.5% Non-OECD 28477 29165 30162 31090 33262 34130 35164 36817 37946 38751 40944 5.5% 47.5% European Union 14585 14754 14679 14769 14953 15101 15103 14801 14757 14016 13890 -1.1% 16.4% Former Soviet Union 3743 3754 3799 3889 3942 3946 4095 4156 4291 4153 4349 4.6% 5.0% * I nland demand plus international aviation and marine bunkers and refinery fuel and loss. Consumption of fuel ethanol and biodiesel is also included. Notes: Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using million tonnes per annum figures. Differences between these world consumption figures and world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, consumption of non-petroleum additives and substitute fuels, and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of oil supply and demand data. 2010 share 10 Production* Change 2010 over Million tonnes 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2009 of total US 352.6 349.2 346.8 338.4 329.2 313.3 310.2 309.8 304.9 328.6 339.1 3.2% 8.7% Canada 126.9 126.1 135.0 142.6 147.6 144.9 153.4 158.3 156.8 156.1 162.8 4.3% 4.2% Mexico 171.2 176.6 178.4 188.8 190.7 187.1 183.1 172.7 157.7 147.5 146.3 -0.8% 3.7% Total North America 650.8 651.8 660.2 669.8 667.4 645.3 646.7 640.8 619.5 632.2 648.2 2.5% 16.6% Argentina 40.4 41.5 40.9 40.2 37.8 36.2 35.8 34.9 34.1 33.8 32.5 -3.8% 0.8% Brazil 63.2 66.3 74.4 77.0 76.5 84.6 89.2 90.4 93.9 100.4 105.7 5.3% 2.7% Colombia 35.3 31.0 29.7 27.9 27.3 27.3 27.5 27.6 30.5 34.1 39.9 16.9% 1.0% Ecuador 20.9 21.2 20.4 21.7 27.3 27.6 27.7 26.5 26.2 25.2 25.2 ◆ 0.6% Peru 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.5 4.4 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.3 6.4 6.9 8.2% 0.2% Trinidad & Tobago 6.8 6.5 7.5 7.9 7.3 8.3 8.3 7.2 6.9 6.8 6.5 -4.3% 0.2% Venezuela 167.3 161.6 148.8 131.4 150.0 151.0 144.2 133.9 131.5 124.8 126.6 1.4% 3.2% Other S. & Cent. America 6.6 6.9 7.8 7.8 7.3 7.2 7.0 7.1 7.0 6.7 6.6 -1.6% 0.2% Total S. & Cent. America 345.3 339.9 334.2 318.3 337.9 347.1 344.9 332.7 335.5 338.2 350.0 3.5% 8.9% Azerbaijan 14.1 15.0 15.4 15.5 15.6 22.4 32.5 42.8 44.7 50.6 50.9 0.5% 1.3% Denmark 17.7 17.0 18.1 17.9 19.1 18.4 16.7 15.2 14.0 12.9 12.2 -5.8% 0.3% Italy 4.6 4.1 5.5 5.6 5.5 6.1 5.8 5.9 5.2 4.6 5.1 11.7% 0.1% Kazakhstan 35.3 40.1 48.2 52.4 60.6 62.6 66.1 68.4 72.0 78.2 81.6 4.4% 2.1% Norway 160.2 162.0 157.3 153.0 149.9 138.2 128.7 118.6 114.2 108.8 98.6 -9.4% 2.5% Romania 6.3 6.2 6.1 5.9 5.7 5.4 5.0 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.3 -4.7% 0.1% Russian Federation 323.3 348.1 379.6 421.4 458.8 470.0 480.5 491.3 488.5 494.2 505.1 2.2% 12.9% Turkmenistan 7.2 8.0 9.0 10.0 9.6 9.5 9.2 9.8 10.3 10.4 10.7 2.8% 0.3% United Kingdom 126.2 116.7 115.9 106.1 95.4 84.7 76.6 76.8 71.7 68.2 63.0 -7.7% 1.6% Uzbekistan 7.5 7.2 7.2 7.1 6.6 5.4 5.4 4.9 4.8 4.5 3.7 -17.8% 0.1% Other Europe & Eurasia 22.4 22.2 23.6 24.0 23.5 22.0 21.7 21.6 20.6 19.6 18.2 -7.0% 0.5% Total Europe & Eurasia 724.7 746.6 785.9 818.9 850.2 844.8 848.1 860.0 850.8 856.5 853.3 -0.4% 21.8% Iran 191.3 191.4 180.9 203.7 207.8 206.3 208.2 209.7 209.9 201.5 203.2 0.9% 5.2% Iraq 128.8 123.9 104.0 66.1 100.0 90.0 98.1 105.2 119.5 119.8 120.4 0.6% 3.1% Kuwait 109.1 105.8 98.2 114.8 122.3 129.3 132.7 129.9 137.2 121.7 122.5 0.6% 3.1% Oman 46.4 46.1 43.4 39.6 38.1 37.4 35.7 34.5 35.9 38.7 41.0 5.9% 1.0% Qatar 36.1 35.7 35.2 40.8 46.0 47.3 50.9 53.6 60.8 57.9 65.7 13.5% 1.7% Saudi Arabia 456.3 440.6 425.3 485.1 506.0 526.8 514.3 494.2 515.3 464.7 467.8 0.7% 12.0% Syria 27.3 28.9 27.2 26.2 24.7 22.4 21.6 20.6 19.8 18.6 19.1 2.7% 0.5% United Arab Emirates 122.1 118.0 110.2 124.5 131.7 137.3 145.5 140.7 142.9 126.3 130.8 3.5% 3.3% Yemen 21.3 21.5 21.5 21.1 19.9 19.6 17.9 16.3 14.4 13.5 12.5 -7.9% 0.3% Other Middle East 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7 0.6% ◆ Total Middle East 1140.9 1114.1 1048.3 1124.3 1198.9 1217.9 1226.4 1206.4 1257.2 1164.4 1184.6 1.7% 30.3% Algeria 66.8 65.8 70.9 79.0 83.6 86.4 86.2 86.5 85.6 77.9 77.7 -0.3% 2.0% Angola 36.9 36.6 44.6 42.8 54.5 69.0 69.6 82.5 92.2 87.4 90.7 3.8% 2.3% Chad – – – 1.2 8.8 9.1 8.0 7.5 6.7 6.2 6.4 3.5% 0.2% Republic of Congo (Brazzaville) 13.1 12.1 12.3 11.2 11.6 12.6 14.3 11.7 12.4 13.9 15.1 8.1% 0.4% Egypt 38.8 37.3 37.0 36.8 35.4 33.9 33.7 34.1 34.6 35.3 35.0 -0.6% 0.9% Equatorial Guinea 4.5 8.8 11.4 13.2 17.4 17.7 16.9 17.3 17.2 15.2 13.6 -10.8% 0.3% Gabon 16.4 15.0 14.7 12.0 11.8 11.7 11.7 11.5 11.8 11.5 12.2 6.5% 0.3% Libya 69.5 67.1 64.6 69.8 76.5 81.9 84.9 85.0 85.3 77.1 77.5 0.5% 2.0% Nigeria 105.4 110.8 102.3 109.3 119.0 122.1 117.8 112.1 103.0 99.1 115.2 16.2% 2.9% Sudan 8.6 10.7 11.9 13.1 14.9 15.0 16.3 23.1 23.7 23.6 23.9 1.5% 0.6% Tunisia 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.3 4.6 4.2 4.0 3.8 -4.7% 0.1% Other Africa 7.2 6.6 6.7 6.8 8.1 7.7 7.6 8.3 8.1 7.7 7.1 -8.0% 0.2% Total Africa 370.9 374.1 379.8 398.4 444.9 470.7 470.4 484.4 484.9 458.9 478.2 4.2% 12.2% Australia 35.3 31.8 31.5 26.6 24.8 24.5 23.2 23.5 23.7 21.9 23.8 8.9% 0.6% Brunei 9.4 9.9 10.2 10.5 10.3 10.1 10.8 9.5 8.5 8.2 8.4 2.5% 0.2% China 162.6 164.8 166.9 169.6 174.1 181.4 184.8 186.3 190.4 189.5 203.0 7.1% 5.2% India 34.2 34.1 35.2 35.4 36.3 34.6 35.8 36.1 36.1 35.4 38.9 9.8% 1.0% Indonesia 71.5 67.9 63.0 57.3 55.2 53.1 48.9 47.5 49.0 47.9 47.8 -0.3% 1.2% Malaysia 33.7 32.9 34.5 35.6 36.5 34.4 33.5 34.2 34.6 33.1 32.1 -3.1% 0.8% Thailand 7.0 7.5 8.2 9.6 9.1 10.8 11.8 12.5 13.3 13.7 13.8 0.9% 0.4% Vietnam 16.2 17.1 17.3 17.7 20.8 19.4 17.8 16.4 15.4 16.8 18.0 6.9% 0.5% Other Asia Pacific 9.4 9.1 9.0 9.1 10.5 12.5 13.2 13.9 14.7 14.3 13.6 -4.7% 0.3% Total Asia Pacific 379.2 375.1 375.8 371.4 377.7 380.8 379.7 380.1 385.9 380.8 399.4 4.9% 10.2% TotalWorld 3611.8 3601.6 3584.2 3701.1 3877.0 3906.6 3916.2 3904.3 3933.7 3831.0 3913.7 2.2% 100.0% of which: OECD 1011.5 1000.0 1005.8 996.0 978.2 932.2 912.2 896.2 864.0 863.3 864.7 0.2% 22.1% Non-OECD 2600.3 2601.6 2578.5 2705.1 2898.8 2974.4 3004.1 3008.0 3069.8 2967.7 3049.0 2.7% 77.9% OPEC 1510.3 1478.3 1405.4 1489.1 1624.9 1675.0 1680.2 1660.0 1709.4 1583.5 1623.3 2.5% 41.5% Non-OPEC‡ 1708.0 1698.7 1712.6 1698.4 1693.6 1654.4 1635.3 1620.2 1597.3 1603.2 1632.9 1.9% 41.7% European Union 166.3 155.6 158.2 148.2 137.7 125.7 114.6 113.1 105.4 99.0 92.6 -6.5% 2.4% Former Soviet Union 393.4 424.6 466.2 513.6 558.5 577.1 600.7 624.1 627.1 644.3 657.5 2.0% 16.8% * Includes crude oil, shale oil, oil sands and NGLs (the liquid content of natural gas where this is recovered separately). Excludes liquid fuels from other sources such as biomass and coal derivatives. ◆ Less than 0.05%. ‡ Excludes Former Soviet Union. 2010 share 11 Consumption* Change 2 2010 over sh Million tonnes 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2009 of total US 884.1 884.1 884.9 900.7 936.5 939.8 930.7 928.8 875.8 833.2 850.0 2.0% 21.1% Canada 88.1 90.5 92.2 95.9 100.6 100.3 100.5 103.8 102.5 97.1 102.3 5.4% 2.5% Mexico 87.3 86.6 82.8 85.0 88.6 90.9 89.8 92.1 91.7 88.5 87.4 -1.2% 2.2% Total North America 1059.5 1061.2 1059.9 1081.6 1125.8 1131.0 1120.9 1124.7 1070.0 1018.8 1039.7 2.1% 25.8% Argentina 20.5 19.8 17.9 18.4 19.3 20.6 21.5 24.2 25.9 23.7 25.7 8.5% 0.6% Brazil 91.5 93.3 92.0 90.9 91.3 94.0 95.1 100.6 107.1 107.0 116.9 9.3% 2.9% Chile 10.8 10.5 10.4 10.5 11.1 11.8 12.3 16.2 16.8 15.6 14.7 -6.0% 0.4% Colombia 10.7 9.9 9.7 9.7 9.9 10.5 11.0 10.7 10.6 10.5 11.0 4.1% 0.3% Ecuador 5.8 5.9 5.9 6.2 6.3 7.5 8.2 8.9 9.4 10.1 10.6 5.0% 0.3% Peru 7.4 7.0 6.9 6.5 7.3 7.1 6.9 7.1 8.0 8.1 8.4 3.6% 0.2% Trinidad & Tobago 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.1 4.4% 0.1% Venezuela 25.8 28.8 30.3 24.9 27.2 29.1 30.5 31.5 32.9 33.7 35.2 4.7% 0.9% Other S. & Cent. America 52.3 55.0 55.1 56.2 56.8 57.1 58.1 59.9 58.6 57.9 57.3 -1.0% 1.4% Total S. & Cent. America 226.6 231.7 229.9 224.9 231.1 239.9 246.0 261.5 271.4 268.6 282.0 5.0% 7.0% Austria 11.8 12.8 13.1 14.2 13.8 14.2 14.2 13.4 13.5 13.0 13.0 0.2% 0.3% Azerbaijan 6.3 4.0 3.7 4.3 4.6 5.3 4.8 4.5 3.5 3.2 3.3 4.0% 0.1% Belarus 7.0 7.3 7.1 7.2 7.4 7.1 8.0 7.3 8.1 9.3 6.6 -29.3% 0.2% Belgium & Luxembourg 33.9 32.2 33.5 36.4 37.6 37.7 37.4 37.7 40.8 33.4 35.0 4.8% 0.9% Bulgaria 4.1 4.2 4.4 5.1 4.7 5.0 5.3 5.1 5.4 5.6 4.2 -25.6% 0.1% Czech Republic 7.9 8.4 8.1 8.7 9.5 9.9 9.8 9.7 9.9 9.7 9.2 -5.0% 0.2% Denmark 10.4 9.8 9.6 9.2 9.1 9.3 9.6 9.7 9.5 8.5 8.7 2.0% 0.2% Finland 10.7 10.5 10.9 11.4 10.6 11.0 10.6 10.6 10.5 9.9 10.4 4.9% 0.3% France 94.9 95.5 92.9 93.1 94.0 93.1 93.0 91.4 90.8 87.5 83.4 -4.7% 2.1% Germany 129.8 131.6 127.4 125.1 124.0 122.4 123.6 112.5 118.9 113.9 115.1 1.1% 2.9% Greece 19.9 20.1 20.3 19.7 21.4 21.2 22.2 21.7 21.4 20.2 18.5 -8.7% 0.5% Hungary 6.8 6.7 6.4 6.3 6.5 7.5 7.8 7.7 7.5 7.1 6.7 -5.2% 0.2% Republic of Ireland 8.2 9.0 8.8 8.5 8.9 9.3 9.3 9.4 9.0 8.0 7.6 -5.0% 0.2% Italy 93.5 92.8 92.9 92.1 89.7 86.7 86.7 84.0 80.4 75.1 73.1 -2.7% 1.8% Kazakhstan 7.8 8.7 9.3 10.1 10.7 11.3 11.6 11.8 12.8 12.1 12.5 3.2% 0.3% Lithuania 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.6 2.7 3.0% 0.1% Netherlands 42.5 44.6 44.6 44.9 47.1 50.6 52.0 53.5 51.1 49.4 49.8 0.9% 1.2% Norway 9.5 9.8 9.6 10.2 9.9 10.0 10.3 10.5 10.2 10.3 10.7 3.5% 0.3% Poland 20.0 19.5 19.9 20.2 21.6 22.4 23.3 24.2 25.3 25.3 26.3 3.9% 0.7% Portugal 15.5 15.8 16.2 15.2 15.4 16.0 14.4 14.4 13.6 12.8 12.6 -1.6% 0.3% Romania 10.0 10.6 10.6 9.4 10.9 10.5 10.3 10.3 10.4 9.2 9.1 -1.4% 0.2% Russian Federation 129.7 128.6 129.9 130.1 130.6 129.9 135.8 135.7 141.4 135.2 147.6 9.2% 3.7% Slovakia 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.8 3.4 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.7 -0.3% 0.1% Spain 70.0 72.4 72.8 75.8 79.3 80.4 79.7 80.7 79.0 75.7 74.5 -1.6% 1.8% Sweden 16.2 16.5 16.7 17.2 16.5 16.5 16.9 16.1 15.7 14.6 14.5 -0.1% 0.4% Switzerland 12.2 13.1 12.4 12.1 12.0 12.2 12.6 11.3 12.1 12.3 11.4 -7.1% 0.3% Turkey 31.1 29.9 30.6 31.0 31.0 30.2 29.5 30.5 30.9 28.2 28.7 1.7% 0.7% Turkmenistan 3.6 3.7 3.8 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.7 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.6 3.6% 0.1% Ukraine 12.0 13.4 13.2 13.5 14.2 13.5 14.1 15.5 14.8 13.3 11.6 -13.2% 0.3% United Kingdom 78.6 78.4 78.0 79.0 81.7 83.0 82.3 79.2 77.9 74.4 73.7 -1.0% 1.8% Uzbekistan 7.5 7.1 7.0 7.5 7.0 5.3 5.3 4.9 4.8 4.8 5.0 2.8% 0.1% Other Europe & Eurasia 21.4 22.9 23.9 25.2 26.1 27.3 27.8 29.6 29.9 28.5 28.3 -0.7% 0.7% Total Europe & Eurasia 938.6 945.6 943.8 952.6 966.0 970.1 978.9 964.4 971.5 922.2 922.9 0.1% 22.9% Iran 62.7 63.0 67.5 71.4 74.5 78.4 82.4 82.5 87.4 85.1 86.0 1.0% 2.1% Israel 13.5 12.5 12.4 12.8 12.0 12.2 11.9 12.4 12.2 11.5 11.2 -2.2% 0.3% Kuwait 11.3 11.5 12.5 13.6 15.2 16.7 15.2 15.3 16.3 17.2 17.7 2.8% 0.4% Qatar 2.0 2.4 3.0 3.1 3.4 4.0 4.6 5.4 6.2 6.2 7.4 18.1% 0.2% Saudi Arabia 73.0 74.7 76.6 81.7 88.3 88.1 92.3 98.2 107.2 117.2 125.5 7.1% 3.1% United Arab Emirates 20.1 19.9 20.7 23.2 24.8 26.7 28.3 30.0 32.0 29.8 32.3 8.4% 0.8% Other Middle East 56.3 59.2 59.7 57.3 60.9 62.3 67.4 70.2 73.6 77.3 80.2 3.8% 2.0% Total Middle East 239.0 243.2 252.5 263.1 279.0 288.5 302.3 314.1 334.9 344.3 360.2 4.6% 8.9% Algeria 8.5 8.8 9.7 10.1 10.6 11.0 11.5 12.9 14.0 14.9 14.9 -0.1% 0.4% Egypt 27.2 26.1 25.2 25.9 26.8 29.8 28.7 30.6 32.6 34.4 36.3 5.4% 0.9% South Africa 22.0 22.5 23.1 23.9 24.7 24.6 25.3 26.2 25.3 24.7 25.3 2.7% 0.6% Other Africa 59.2 60.9 62.6 63.7 66.4 69.1 68.2 71.1 74.8 77.0 79.0 2.6% 2.0% Total Africa 116.9 118.2 120.6 123.6 128.5 134.5 133.7 140.8 146.8 150.9 155.5 3.0% 3.9% Australia 37.7 38.1 38.0 38.3 39.1 40.2 41.5 41.8 42.5 42.2 42.6 0.8% 1.1% Bangladesh 3.2 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.8 0.4% 0.1% China 224.2 228.4 247.5 271.7 318.9 327.8 351.2 369.3 376.0 388.2 428.6 10.4% 10.6% China Hong Kong SAR 9.7 11.8 12.9 13.0 15.4 13.8 15.0 16.1 14.6 14.0 16.1 15.2% 0.4% India 106.1 107.0 111.3 113.1 120.2 119.6 120.4 133.4 144.1 151.0 155.5 2.9% 3.9% Indonesia 54.5 55.3 57.5 58.5 62.0 61.2 58.3 59.5 59.1 59.2 59.6 0.7% 1.5% Japan 255.0 247.4 243.5 248.7 241.0 244.8 238.0 229.7 222.1 198.7 201.6 1.5% 5.0% Malaysia 21.3 22.0 23.9 23.6 24.5 23.9 23.4 24.8 24.8 24.5 25.3 3.3% 0.6% New Zealand 6.1 6.1 6.4 6.9 6.9 7.1 7.2 7.2 7.3 6.8 6.9 0.1% 0.2% Pakistan 18.8 18.3 17.9 15.8 16.0 15.3 17.6 19.2 19.3 20.6 20.5 -0.6% 0.5% Philippines 16.6 16.5 15.5 15.5 16.0 14.9 13.3 14.0 12.3 13.1 13.1 0.1% 0.3% Singapore 33.4 36.4 35.5 33.9 38.1 42.3 45.1 49.0 52.0 56.1 62.2 10.9% 1.5% South Korea 103.2 103.1 104.7 105.6 103.9 104.4 104.5 107.1 101.9 103.0 105.6 2.5% 2.6% Taiwan 42.6 44.0 44.8 46.5 48.7 49.1 48.4 50.2 45.0 44.1 46.2 4.7% 1.1% Thailand 38.7 38.0 40.8 43.9 48.4 50.6 50.1 49.2 49.0 49.9 50.2 0.5% 1.2% Vietnam 8.3 9.0 9.8 10.5 12.5 12.2 12.0 13.3 14.1 14.1 15.6 10.4% 0.4% Other Asia Pacific 11.6 12.0 12.0 12.1 12.7 12.8 12.8 13.5 13.0 13.4 13.5 0.9% 0.3% Total Asia Pacific 991.1 997.3 1025.5 1061.6 1128.3 1144.5 1163.5 1201.9 1201.9 1203.8 1267.8 5.3% 31.5% TotalWorld 3571.6 3597.2 3632.3 3707.4 3858.7 3908.5 3945.3 4007.3 3996.5 3908.7 4028.1 3.1% 100.0% of which: OECD 2217.1 2215.7 2207.9 2242.2 2287.2 2303.6 2289.7 2276.3 2210.5 2094.8 2113.8 0.9% 52.5% Non-OECD 1354.5 1381.5 1424.4 1465.3 1571.6 1604.9 1655.6 1731.0 1786.0 1813.9 1914.3 5.5% 47.5% European Union 699.3 706.2 702.3 706.6 717.7 723.1 724.6 708.4 709.0 670.2 662.5 -1.1% 16.4% Former Soviet Union 180.4 179.9 181.2 184.1 186.6 185.4 193.0 194.3 200.8 192.7 201.5 4.6% 5.0% * Inland demand plus international aviation and marine bunkers and refinery fuel and loss. Consumption of fuel ethanol and biodiesel is also included. Note: Differences between these world consumption figures and world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, consumption of non-petroleum additives and substitute fuels, and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of oil supply and demand data. 010 are 12 0 100 90 70 80 20 50 40 30 60 10 Asia Pacific Africa Middle East Europe & Eurasia S. & Cent. America North America 85 9590 0500 10 Production by region Million barrels daily 0 100 90 70 80 20 50 40 30 60 10 85 9590 0500 10 Consumption by region Million barrels daily World oil production increased by 1.8 million b/d in 2010; growth was broadly-based, with increases in all regions except Europe & Eurasia. Moreover, growth was broadly split between OPEC and non-OPEC countries. World oil consumption increased by 2.7 million b/d; growth was above average in all regions, although Asia Pacific countries accounted for the majority (54%) of global consumption growth. 0-0.75 0.75-1.5 1.5-2.25 2.25-3.0 > 3.0 Consumption per capita 2010 Tonnes 13 Regional consumption by product group Change 2010 over Thousand barrels daily 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2009 of total North America Light distillates 10090 10194 10505 10657 10972 11012 11133 11206 10860 10839 10949 1.0% 46.8% Middle distillates 6809 6810 6653 6858 7131 7248 7297 7318 6936 6284 6548 4.2% 28.0% Fuel oil 1491 1385 1186 1251 1338 1394 1055 1081 941 801 826 3.1% 3.5% Others 5184 5207 5332 5291 5506 5410 5470 5467 5105 5022 5095 1.5% 21.8% Total North America 23574 23595 23676 24058 24947 25063 24955 25073 23841 22946 23418 2.1% 100.0% of which: US Light distillates 8813 8890 9167 9275 9518 9548 9599 9597 9253 9257 9305 0.5% 48.6% Middle distillates 5852 5884 5735 5886 6116 6198 6226 6199 5801 5241 5449 4.0% 28.5% Fuel oil 893 794 686 763 859 914 683 718 618 508 547 7.7% 2.9% Others 4143 4082 4172 4109 4239 4143 4178 4166 3826 3766 3848 2.2% 20.1% Total US 19701 19649 19761 20033 20732 20802 20687 20680 19498 18771 19148 2.0% 100.0% S. & Cent. America Light distillates 1443 1411 1418 1421 1381 1467 1508 1608 1697 1749 1835 4.9% 30.1% Middle distillates 1628 1669 1656 1648 1759 1802 1847 2017 2091 2045 2203 7.7% 36.1% Fuel oil 728 762 740 692 712 717 729 774 770 770 757 -1.7% 12.4% Others 1056 1114 1127 1063 1094 1158 1187 1224 1277 1264 1309 3.5% 21.4% Total S. & Cent. America 4855 4956 4941 4825 4946 5144 5271 5622 5835 5827 6104 4.7% 100.0% Europe Light distillates 4309 4192 4097 4039 4023 3921 3781 3725 3521 3447 3401 -1.3% 22.4% Middle distillates 6760 7021 6968 7170 7364 7579 7746 7630 7855 7543 7663 1.6% 50.5% Fuel oil 1843 1862 1870 1829 1781 1746 1705 1615 1565 1352 1230 -9.0% 8.1% Others 2927 2939 3016 3039 3088 3165 3171 3145 3126 2953 2867 -2.9% 18.9% Total Europe 15838 16015 15951 16077 16257 16411 16403 16115 16066 15295 15161 -0.9% 100.0% Former Soviet Union Light distillates 942 1000 1041 1077 1078 1094 1136 1205 1260 1234 1287 4.3% 29.6% Middle distillates 1003 1029 1040 1085 1111 1144 1182 1253 1334 1211 1293 6.8% 29.7% Fuel oil 726 659 630 598 537 516 571 461 428 399 390 -2.3% 9.0% Others 1072 1067 1088 1131 1216 1191 1205 1236 1269 1309 1379 5.3% 31.7% Total Former Soviet Union 3743 3754 3799 3889 3942 3946 4095 4156 4291 4153 4349 4.7% 100.0% Middle East Light distillates 949 1032 1132 1190 1293 1373 1458 1457 1587 1686 1783 5.8% 22.8% Middle distillates 1640 1682 1737 1810 1894 1979 2107 2150 2275 2314 2387 3.2% 30.5% Fuel oil 1397 1385 1365 1369 1459 1541 1585 1727 1867 1932 2035 5.3% 26.0% Others 1036 1049 1140 1246 1299 1331 1348 1402 1423 1501 1616 7.7% 20.7% Total Middle East 5021 5148 5374 5615 5946 6225 6497 6736 7153 7433 7821 5.2% 100.0% Africa Light distillates 576 590 603 627 666 680 670 695 742 773 802 3.8% 24.4% Middle distillates 1030 1060 1095 1140 1155 1194 1224 1320 1389 1433 1486 3.8% 45.2% Fuel oil 403 383 367 365 380 428 407 413 418 430 447 4.1% 13.6% Others 430 448 475 478 506 533 523 546 549 559 555 -0.7% 16.9% Total Africa 2439 2481 2540 2611 2708 2835 2824 2974 3097 3195 3291 3.0% 100.0% Asia Pacific Light distillates 5842 5990 6269 6532 6890 7091 7180 7540 7616 7875 8326 5.7% 30.6% Middle distillates 7795 7948 8070 8225 8766 9005 9058 9205 9312 9262 9836 6.2% 36.1% Fuel oil 3571 3421 3338 3475 3505 3493 3573 3605 3437 3101 3163 2.0% 11.6% Others 3927 3994 4310 4517 4920 4914 5103 5404 5351 5627 5912 5.1% 21.7% Total Asia Pacific 21135 21353 21987 22750 24081 24503 24914 25753 25715 25866 27237 5.3% 100.0% of which: China Light distillates 1277 1260 1359 1498 1681 1787 1900 2036 2125 2211 2454 11.0% 27.1% Middle distillates 1592 1673 1785 1938 2277 2518 2713 2869 3079 3178 3577 12.6% 39.5% Fuel oil 766 771 783 869 943 893 929 899 776 662 671 1.3% 7.4% Others 1131 1155 1335 1467 1837 1745 1896 2013 1957 2150 2355 9.5% 26.0% Total China 4766 4859 5262 5771 6738 6944 7437 7817 7937 8201 9057 10.4% 100.0% of which: Japan Light distillates 1706 1689 1727 1757 1760 1823 1814 1791 1676 1678 1742 3.8% 39.1% Middle distillates 1971 1970 1944 1918 1869 1878 1760 1621 1502 1380 1385 0.4% 31.1% Fuel oil 783 676 635 753 657 680 661 661 710 453 443 -2.2% 10.0% Others 1071 1058 1014 986 951 953 969 956 948 880 880 ◆ 19.8% Total Japan 5530 5394 5320 5413 5238 5334 5203 5029 4836 4391 4451 1.4% 100.0% World Light distillates 24150 24409 25065 25543 26303 26639 26866 27436 27281 27602 28383 2.8% 32.5% Middle distillates 26665 27219 27219 27936 29182 29951 30460 30892 31192 30091 31417 4.4% 36.0% Fuel oil 10159 9858 9497 9579 9713 9836 9625 9676 9426 8786 8849 0.7% 10.1% Others 15631 15818 16487 16765 17630 17701 18008 18425 18101 18235 18734 2.7% 21.4% TotalWorld 76605 77304 78268 79823 82827 84126 84958 86428 85999 84714 87382 3.1% 100.0% OECD Light distillates 17312 17291 17588 17738 18009 18059 18068 18167 17480 17440 17622 1.0% 37.9% Middle distillates 16535 16785 16568 16954 17360 17722 17832 17660 17366 16240 16669 2.6% 35.9% Fuel oil 4562 4328 4081 4218 4156 4192 3782 3713 3518 2875 2753 -4.2% 5.9% Others 9719 9734 9870 9824 10041 10023 10112 10070 9689 9408 9395 -0.1% 20.2% Total OECD 48128 48139 48106 48734 49566 49996 49794 49611 48053 45963 46438 1.0% 100.0% Non-OECD Light distillates 6838 7118 7477 7805 8294 8580 8798 9268 9801 10162 10761 5.9% 26.3% Middle distillates 10130 10434 10651 10983 11823 12229 12628 13232 13826 13851 14748 6.5% 36.0% Fuel oil 5597 5530 5416 5361 5556 5643 5844 5962 5908 5911 6096 3.1% 14.9% Others 5912 6083 6618 6941 7589 7678 7895 8354 8412 8827 9339 5.8% 22.8% Total Non-OECD 28477 29165 30162 31090 33262 34130 35164 36817 37946 38751 40944 5.7% 100.0% European Union Light distillates 4037 3934 3836 3790 3776 3687 3549 3502 3317 3223 3183 -1.2% 22.9% Middle distillates 6261 6495 6440 6626 6814 6981 7116 6978 7166 6857 6964 1.6% 50.1% Fuel oil 1665 1675 1672 1626 1600 1599 1584 1503 1460 1284 1173 -8.6% 8.4% Others 2622 2651 2731 2727 2763 2834 2853 2818 2814 2652 2570 -3.1% 18.5% Total European Union 14585 14754 14679 14769 14953 15101 15103 14801 14757 14016 13890 -0.9% 100.0% ◆ Less than 0.05%. Notes: Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand barrels daily figures. ‘Light distillates’ consists of aviation and motor gasolines and light distillate feedstock (LDF). ‘Middle distillates’ consists of jet and heating kerosenes, and gas and diesel oils (including marine bunkers). ‘Fuel oil’ includes marine bunkers and crude oil used directly as fuel. ‘Others’ consists of refinery gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), solvents, petroleum coke, lubricants, bitumen, wax, other refined products and refinery fuel and loss. 2010 share 14 Others 000 01 02 0403 08070605 1009 35 25 20 15 10 5 30 Fuel oil 000 01 02 0403 08070605 1009 35 25 20 15 10 5 30 000 01 02 0403 08070605 1009 35 25 20 15 10 5 30 Light distillates Asia Pacific Africa Middle East Former Soviet Union Europe S. & Cent. America North America Middle distillates 000 01 02 0403 08070605 1009 35 25 20 15 10 5 30 Product consumption by region Million barrels daily 93 Source: Platts. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 1009 Gasoline Gas oil Heavy fuel oil Rotterdam product prices US dollars per barrel 93 Source: Platts. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 1009 Gasoline Gas oil Heavy fuel oil US Gulf Coast product prices US dollars per barrel 15 Spot crude prices Nigerian West Texas Dubai Brent Forcados Inter US dollars per barrel $/bbI* $/bbI† $/bbI $/bbI‡ 1973 2.83 – – – 1974 10.41 – – – 1975 10.70 – – – 1976 11.63 12.80 12.87 12.23 1977 12.38 13.92 14.21 14.22 1978 13.03 14.02 13.65 14.55 1979 29.75 31.61 29.25 25.08 1980 35.69 36.83 36.98 37.96 1981 34.32 35.93 36.18 36.08 1982 31.80 32.97 33.29 33.65 1983 28.78 29.55 29.54 30.30 1984 28.06 28.78 28.14 29.39 1985 27.53 27.56 27.75 27.98 1986 13.10 14.43 14.46 15.10 1987 16.95 18.44 18.39 19.18 1988 13.27 14.92 15.00 15.97 1989 15.62 18.23 18.30 19.68 1990 20.45 23.73 23.85 24.50 1991 16.63 20.00 20.11 21.54 1992 17.17 19.32 19.61 20.57 1993 14.93 16.97 17.41 18.45 1994 14.74 15.82 16.25 17.21 1995 16.10 17.02 17.26 18.42 1996 18.52 20.67 21.16 22.16 1997 18.23 19.09 19.33 20.61 1998 12.21 12.72 12.62 14.39 1999 17.25 17.97 18.00 19.31 2000 26.20 28.50 28.42 30.37 2001 22.81 24.44 24.23 25.93 2002 23.74 25.02 25.04 26.16 2003 26.78 28.83 28.66 31.07 2004 33.64 38.27 38.13 41.49 2005 49.35 54.52 55.69 56.59 2006 61.50 65.14 67.07 66.02 2007 68.19 72.39 74.48 72.20 2008 94.34 97.26 101.43 100.06 2009 61.39 61.67 63.35 61.92 2010 78.06 79.50 81.05 79.45 *1 972-1985 Arabian Light, 1986-2010 Dubai dated. Source: Platts. †1 976-1983 Forties, 1984-2010 Brent dated. ‡1 976-1983 Posted WTI prices, 1984-2010 Spot WTI (Cushing) prices. mediate 1861-1944 US average. 1945-1983 Arabian Light posted at Ras Tanura. 1984-2010 Brent dated. $ 2010 $ money of the day 1861-69 1870-79 1880-89 1890-99 1900-09 1910-19 1920-29 1930-39 1940-49 1950-59 1960-69 1970-79 1980-89 1990-99 2000-09 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 2010-19 Discovery of Spindletop, Texas Post-war reconstruction Suez crisis Iranian revolution Iraq invaded Kuwait Invasion of Iraq Growth of Venezuelan production Loss of Iranian supplies Netback pricing introduced Asian financial crisis Yom Kippur war Russian oil exports began Sumatra production began Fears of shortage in US East Texas field discovered Pennsylvanian oil boom Crude oil prices 1861-2010 US dollars per barrel World events 16 Refinery capacities Change 20 2010 over sha Thousand barrels daily* 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2009 of total US 16595 16785 16757 16894 17125 17339 17443 17594 17672 17688 17594 -0.5% 19.2% Canada 1861 1917 1923 1959 1915 1896 1914 1907 1951 1976 1914 -3.1% 2.1% Mexico 1481 1481 1463 1463 1463 1463 1463 1463 1463 1463 1463 – 1.6% Total North America 19937 20183 20143 20316 20503 20698 20821 20964 21086 21127 20971 -0.7% 22.8% Argentina 626 619 619 620 623 627 623 634 634 635 638 0.5% 0.7% Brazil 1849 1849 1854 1915 1915 1916 1916 1935 2045 2095 2095 – 2.3% Netherlands Antilles 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 – 0.3% Venezuela 1269 1269 1269 1269 1284 1291 1294 1303 1303 1303 1303 – 1.4% Other S. & Cent. America 2207 2189 2234 2229 2235 2251 2260 2310 2356 2335 2351 0.7% 2.6% Total S. & Cent. America 6271 6246 6296 6353 6377 6405 6413 6502 6658 6688 6707 0.3% 7.3% Belgium 770 785 803 805 782 778 774 745 745 823 823 – 0.9% France 1984 1961 1987 1967 1982 1978 1959 1962 1971 1873 1703 -9.1% 1.9% Germany 2262 2274 2286 2304 2320 2322 2390 2390 2366 2362 2091 -11.5% 2.3% Greece 403 412 412 412 412 418 425 425 425 425 440 3.5% 0.5% Italy 2485 2485 2485 2485 2497 2515 2526 2497 2396 2396 2396 – 2.6% Netherlands 1277 1278 1282 1282 1284 1274 1274 1236 1280 1280 1274 -0.4% 1.4% Norway 318 307 310 310 310 310 310 310 310 310 310 – 0.3% Russian Federation 5655 5628 5590 5454 5457 5522 5599 5596 5549 5527 5555 0.5% 6.1% Spain 1330 1330 1330 1347 1372 1377 1377 1377 1377 1377 1427 3.6% 1.6% Sweden 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 – 0.5% Turkey 713 713 713 713 693 613 613 613 613 613 613 – 0.7% United Kingdom 1778 1769 1785 1813 1848 1819 1836 1819 1827 1757 1757 – 1.9% Other Europe & Eurasia 6002 5912 5754 5691 5687 5650 5537 5573 5559 5596 5705 2.0% 6.2% Total Europe & Eurasia 25399 25276 25159 25005 25066 24999 25042 24966 24840 24761 24516 -1.0% 26.7% Iran 1597 1597 1597 1607 1642 1642 1727 1772 1805 1860 1860 – 2.0% Iraq 740 740 740 740 740 743 748 755 744 763 856 12.2% 0.9% Kuwait 740 759 809 909 931 931 931 931 931 931 931 – 1.0% Saudi Arabia 1806 1806 1810 1890 2075 2100 2100 2100 2100 2100 2100 – 2.3% United Arab Emirates 440 674 711 645 620 620 620 625 673 673 673 – 0.7% Other Middle East 1168 1170 1248 1248 1248 1248 1283 1339 1345 1491 1491 – 1.6% Total Middle East 6491 6746 6915 7039 7256 7284 7409 7522 7598 7818 7911 1.2% 8.6% Total Africa 2897 3164 3228 3177 3116 3224 3049 3037 3171 3022 3292 8.9% 3.6% Australia 828 815 829 756 763 711 694 733 734 734 740 0.8% 0.8% China 5407 5643 5933 6295 6603 7165 7865 8399 8722 9479 10121 6.8% 11.0% India 2219 2261 2303 2293 2558 2558 2872 2983 2992 3574 3703 3.6% 4.0% Indonesia 1127 1127 1092 1057 1057 1057 1133 1157 1068 1106 1158 4.7% 1.3% Japan 5010 4705 4721 4683 4567 4529 4542 4598 4650 4621 4463 -3.4% 4.9% Singapore 1255 1255 1255 1255 1255 1255 1255 1255 1385 1385 1385 – 1.5% South Korea 2598 2598 2598 2598 2598 2598 2633 2671 2712 2712 2712 – 3.0% Taiwan 732 874 1159 1159 1159 1159 1140 1197 1197 1197 1197 – 1.3% Thailand 899 1064 1068 1068 1068 1078 1125 1125 1175 1240 1253 1.0% 1.4% Other Asia Pacific 1403 1512 1487 1416 1410 1428 1435 1443 1459 1605 1662 3.6% 1.8% Total Asia Pacific 21478 21853 22444 22579 23037 23537 24693 25561 26094 27653 28394 2.7% 30.9% TotalWorld 82473 83469 84183 84468 85355 86147 87427 88552 89446 91068 91791 0.8% 100.0% of which: OECD 44761 44697 44900 45024 45169 45202 45422 45634 45784 45742 45124 -1.3% 49.2% Non-OECD 37712 38771 39283 39444 40187 40945 42005 42918 43662 45326 46667 3.0% 50.8% European Union 15456 15540 15691 15729 15803 15811 15857 15784 15658 15553 15240 -2.0% 16.6% Former Soviet Union 8574 8404 8133 7937 7940 7945 7961 7958 7961 7965 8033 0.9% 8.8% * Atmospheric distillation capacity on a calendar-day basis. Source: Includes data from Parpinelli Tecnon. Note: Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand barrels daily figures. 10 re Refinery throughputs Change 2010 over Thousand barrels daily* 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2009 of total US 15067 15128 14947 15304 15475 15220 15242 15156 14648 14336 14722 2.7% 19.7% Canada 1765 1812 1862 1880 1957 1883 1835 1908 1839 1773 1827 3.0% 2.4% Mexico 1363 1398 1390 1436 1436 1415 1407 1395 1392 1392 1184 -15.0% 1.6% S. & Cent. America 5337 5332 4932 5023 5414 5391 5348 5470 5390 4775 4621 -3.2% 6.2% Europe & Eurasia 19240 19394 19460 19952 20417 20782 20822 20758 20700 19562 19664 0.5% 26.3% Middle East 5430 5406 5482 5599 5805 6007 6294 6442 6404 6330 6513 2.9% 8.7% Africa 2188 2443 2377 2301 2304 2490 2352 2343 2455 2312 2454 6.1% 3.3% Australasia 851 847 855 823 820 757 749 767 756 762 756 -0.7% 1.0% China 4218 4215 4395 4823 5382 5916 6155 6563 6953 7488 8492 13.4% 11.4% India 2039 2144 2212 2380 2559 2561 2860 3107 3213 3641 3903 7.2% 5.2% Japan 4145 4107 3986 4118 4038 4136 4026 3995 3946 3627 3619 -0.2% 4.8% Other Asia Pacific 6831 6841 6631 6877 7354 7470 7463 7489 7342 7065 7062 -0.1% 9.4% TotalWorld 68475 69067 68528 70516 72961 74029 74553 75393 75038 73063 74816 2.4% 100.0% of which: OECD 39710 39712 39046 39848 40415 40214 40019 39764 38856 37016 37287 0.7% 49.8% Non-OECD 28766 29356 29482 30669 32546 33815 34534 35630 36183 36048 37529 4.1% 50.2% European Union 13749 13685 13486 13733 14089 14172 14006 13765 13675 12693 12585 -0.9% 16.8% Former Soviet Union 4583 4797 5060 5276 5417 5713 5873 6017 6189 6183 6388 3.3% 8.5% * Input to primary distillation units only. Source: Includes data from Energy Security Analysis, Inc. (ESAI). Note: Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand barrels daily figures. 2010 share 17 Refinery utilization Percentage 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 North America S.& Cent. America Europe Former Soviet Union Middle East Africa Asia Pacific World 40 100 90 60 70 50 80 Global crude runs grew by 1.8 million b/d in 2010, led by a 1 million b/d increase in China. For the first time, refinery throughputs in the non-OECD exceeded those of the OECD. Most of the 0.7 million b/d increase in global refining capacity last year was also in China. Installed capacity in the non-OECD is now 1.5 million b/d above that of the OECD. Global average refinery utilization improved to 81.5%, the first increase since 2005. 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 1009 USGC West Texas Sour Coking NWE Brent Cracking Singapore Dubai Hydrocracking -5 25 20 15 10 5 0 Regional refining margins US dollars per barrel Note: The refining margins presented are benchmark margins for three major global refining centres. US Gulf Coast (USGC), North West Europe (NWE – Rotterdam) and Singapore. In each case they are based on a single crude oil appropriate for that region and have optimized product yields based on a generic refinery configuration (cracking, hydrocracking or coking), again appropriate for that region. The margins are on a semi-variable basis, i.e. the margin after all variable costs and fixed energy costs. 18 Trade movements Change 2010 over Thousand barrels daily 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2009 of total Imports US 11092 11618 11357 12254 12898 13525 13612 13632 12872 11453 11689 2.1% 21.8% Europe 11070 11531 11895 11993 12538 13261 13461 13953 13751 12486 12094 -3.1% 22.6% Japan 5329 5202 5070 5314 5203 5225 5201 5032 4925 4263 4567 7.1% 8.5% Rest of World* 15880 16436 16291 17191 18651 19172 20287 22937 23078 24132 25160 4.3% 47.0% TotalWorld 43371 44787 44613 46752 49290 51182 52561 55554 54626 52333 53510 2.2% 100.0% Exports US 890 910 904 921 991 1129 1317 1439 1967 1947 2154 10.7% 4.0% Canada 1703 1804 1959 2096 2148 2201 2330 2457 2498 2518 2599 3.2% 4.9% Mexico 1814 1882 1966 2115 2070 2065 2102 1975 1609 1449 1539 6.2% 2.9% S. & Cent. America 3079 3143 2965 2942 3233 3528 3681 3570 3616 3748 3568 -4.8% 6.7% Europe 1967 1947 2234 2066 1993 2149 2173 2273 2023 2034 1888 -7.2% 3.5% Former Soviet Union 4273 4679 5370 6003 6440 7076 7155 8334 8184 7972 8544 7.2% 16.0% Middle East 18944 19098 18062 18943 19630 19821 20204 19680 20128 18409 18883 2.6% 35.3% North Africa 2732 2724 2620 2715 2917 3070 3225 3336 3260 2938 2871 -2.3% 5.4% West Africa 3293 3182 3134 3612 4048 4358 4704 4830 4587 4364 4601 5.5% 8.6% Asia Pacific‡ 3736 3914 3848 3978 4189 4243 4312 6004 5392 5631 6226 10.6% 11.6% Rest of World* 940 1506 1551 1361 1631 1542 1359 1656 1363 1323 637 -51.9% 1.2% TotalWorld 43371 44789 44613 46752 49290 51182 52561 55554 54626 52333 53510 2.2% 100.0% * Includes unidentified trade. ‡ Excludes Japan. Excludes trade between other Asia Pacific countries and India prior to 2007. Note: Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand barrels daily figures. 2010 share Inter-area movements 2010 To S. & Other Million tonnes Cent. Austral- Asia Rest of From US Canada Mexico America Europe Africa asia China India Japan Singapore Pacific World Total US – 6.0 22.8 36.8 17.1 3.4 0.2 2.5 0.4 4.5 6.6 0.8 2.0 103.1 Canada 125.0 – 0.3 0.1 1.3 – – 0.9 – 0.5 † 0.1 † 128.2 Mexico 63.5 1.6 – 1.5 6.8 – – 1.2 1.4 – 0.5 † – 76.3 S. & Cent. America 109.3 4.4 1.2 – 16.0 0.5 † 24.1 9.6 0.4 8.9 1.3 0.1 175.8 Europe 33.9 10.7 4.3 4.9 – 14.6 † 1.3 0.4 0.5 8.4 2.0 10.1 91.1 Former Soviet Union 36.9 1.6 0.4 0.7 295.2 1.3 1.0 33.3 0.8 14.5 9.2 15.8 10.4 421.2 Middle East 86.0 4.3 0.6 5.5 116.7 15.2 7.1 118.4 129.6 179.9 45.4 227.1 † 935.9 North Africa 28.9 5.8 0.1 4.4 83.0 – 0.8 10.1 4.0 0.8 0.2 3.0 0.7 141.7 West Africa 83.8 6.8 – 12.7 45.7 2.9 1.4 43.7 21.3 0.4 – 9.8 0.1 228.8 East & Southern Africa – – † † 0.1 – – 12.7 1.1 2.2 0.2 0.4 – 16.7 Australasia 0.5 – – 0.1 † – – 7.2 1.4 2.7 2.0 9.9 – 23.8 China 0.4 † – 4.8 0.7 0.9 0.1 – 0.6 1.1 5.5 16.1 1.3 31.5 India 2.4 † – 2.6 8.2 0.5 0.1 0.6 – 2.9 10.1 28.6 1.2 57.2 Japan 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.1 1.6 2.7 0.2 – 5.4 2.7 † 14.5 Singapore 0.4 0.1 † 0.4 1.7 3.1 10.8 7.0 3.5 0.6 – 39.5 0.7 67.9 Other Asia Pacific 5.8 0.2 0.5 3.0 3.3 1.1 20.0 28.8 4.2 14.6 37.6 – 0.8 119.8 Unidentified* – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Total imports 577.1 41.6 30.4 77.6 596.8 43.5 43.1 294.5 178.5 225.7 139.9 357.1 27.5 2633.5 Thousand barrels daily From US – 124 477 769 358 71 4 53 8 95 138 17 41 2154 Canada 2532 – 7 2 27 – – 19 – 10 ‡ 1 ‡ 2599 Mexico 1280 32 – 30 136 – – 24 28 – 10 ‡ – 1539 S. & Cent. America 2211 91 26 – 327 9 1 488 193 9 185 27 2 3568 Europe 702 217 90 102 – 304 1 26 9 10 176 41 210 1888 Former Soviet Union 756 34 9 14 5982 26 20 676 17 293 192 318 209 8544 Middle East 1729 86 12 111 2355 308 142 2383 2612 3629 921 4593 1 18883 North Africa 589 117 2 91 1677 – 15 203 80 17 4 61 15 2871 West Africa 1686 137 – 256 920 59 29 878 428 8 – 197 2 4601 East & Southern Africa – – ‡ ‡ 2 – – 254 21 44 4 8 – 335 Australasia 10 – – 2 ‡ – – 147 28 56 40 201 – 485 China 8 ‡ – 100 14 19 2 – 13 23 114 334 28 656 India 49 1 – 54 172 11 2 12 – 60 210 599 25 1196 Japan 10 2 2 4 19 2 33 57 3 – 114 56 ‡ 302 Singapore 8 2 ‡ 8 36 65 225 147 73 13 – 826 15 1418 Other Asia Pacific 119 4 11 63 69 22 403 596 84 300 782 – 17 2472 Unidentified* – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Total imports 11689 846 636 1606 12094 895 878 5963 3598 4567 2892 7281 565 53510 *I ncludes changes in the quantity of oil in transit, movements not otherwise shown, unidentified military use, etc. †L ess than 0.05. ‡L ess than 0.5. 19 Major trade movements 2010 Trade flows worldwide (million tonnes) 45.7 28.9 295.222 86.0 83.8 16.7111111 9 9179.99.9 111111181118.411811 45.4 1299.69 28.8 37.66 227.1 39.5999 33.333.9 63.5 109.3 43.7 21.3 24.1 83.08383 00 12525.01255551 36.9 36.8 28.6 22.8 20.0 US Canada Mexico S. & Cent. America Europe & Eurasia Middle East Africa Asia Pacific Imports and exports 2010 Million tonnes Thousand barrels daily Crude Product Crude Product Crude Product Crude Product imports imports exports exports imports imports exports exports US 456.1 121.0 1.4 101.7 9159 2530 28 2126 Canada 28.9 12.7 99.1 29.1 580 266 1990 609 Mexico 0.4 30.1 67.8 8.5 7 629 1362 177 S. & Cent. America 20.9 56.8 131.2 44.6 419 1186 2635 933 Europe 465.1 131.7 19.3 71.8 9341 2753 387 1501 Former Soviet Union † 4.8 318.0 103.2 1 101 6386 2158 Middle East 11.3 10.1 828.7 107.2 226 212 16642 2241 North Africa 12.3 12.0 112.6 29.2 247 250 2260 610 West Africa 0.1 6.9 221.2 7.6 1 144 4443 159 East & Southern Africa 5.0 7.3 16.2 0.4 101 152 326 9 Australasia 29.0 14.1 16.2 7.6 583 295 325 160 China 234.6 59.9 2.0 29.4 4710 1253 41 615 India 162.0 16.5 – 57.2 3254 344 – 1196 Japan 184.8 40.9 0.3 14.1 3711 856 6.4 295 Singapore 39.9 100.1 2.1 65.8 800 2092 42 1376 Other Asia Pacific 225.5 131.7 39.7 80.2 4528 2753 796 1676 Unidentified* – 1.2 – – – 25 – – TotalWorld 1875.8 757.7 1875.8 757.7 37670 15840 37670 15840 *I ncludes changes in the quantity of oil in transit, movements not otherwise shown, unidentified military use, etc. † Less than 0.05. Note: Bunkers are not included as exports. Intra-area movements (for example, between countries in Europe) are excluded. 20 Natural gas Proved reserves At end 1990 At end 2000 At end 2009 At end 2010 Trillion Trillion Trillion Trillion Trillion cubic cubic cubic cubic cubic Share R/P metres metres metres feet metres of total ratio US 4.8 5.0 7.7 272.5 7.7 4.1% 12.6 Canada 2.7 1.7 1.7 61.0 1.7 0.9% 10.8 Mexico 2.0 0.8 0.5 17.3 0.5 0.3% 8.9 Total North America 9.5 7.5 9.9 350.8 9.9 5.3% 12.0 Argentina 0.7 0.8 0.4 12.2 0.3 0.2% 8.6 Bolivia 0.1 0.7 0.7 9.9 0.3 0.2% 19.5 Brazil 0.1 0.2 0.4 14.7 0.4 0.2% 28.9 Colombia 0.1 0.1 0.1 4.4 0.1 0.1% 11.0 Peru 0.3 0.2 0.4 12.5 0.4 0.2% 48.8 Trinidad & Tobago 0.3 0.6 0.4 12.9 0.4 0.2% 8.6 Venezuela 3.4 4.2 5.1 192.7 5.5 2.9% * Other S. & Cent. America 0.2 0.1 0.1 2.3 0.1 ◆ 22.4 Total S. & Cent. America 5.2 6.9 7.5 261.6 7.4 4.0% 45.9 Azerbaijan n/a 1.2 1.3 44.9 1.3 0.7% 84.2 Denmark 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.8 0.1 ◆ 6.4 Germany 0.2 0.2 0.1 2.4 0.1 ◆ 6.5 Italy 0.3 0.2 0.1 3.0 0.1 ◆ 11.1 Kazakhstan n/a 1.8 1.9 65.2 1.8 1.0% 54.9 Netherlands 1.8 1.5 1.2 41.5 1.2 0.6% 16.6 Norway 1.7 1.3 2.0 72.1 2.0 1.1% 19.2 Poland 0.2 0.1 0.1 4.2 0.1 0.1% 29.2 Romania 0.1 0.3 0.6 21.0 0.6 0.3% 54.4 Russian Federation n/a 42.3 44.4 1580.8 44.8 23.9% 76.0 Turkmenistan n/a 2.6 8.0 283.6 8.0 4.3% * Ukraine n/a 1.0 1.0 33.0 0.9 0.5% 50.4 United Kingdom 0.5 1.2 0.3 9.0 0.3 0.1% 4.5 Uzbekistan n/a 1.7 1.6 55.1 1.6 0.8% 26.4 Other Europe & Eurasia 49.7 0.5 0.4 10.0 0.3 0.2% 28.3 Total Europe & Eurasia 54.5 55.9 63.0 2227.6 63.1 33.7% 60.5 Bahrain 0.2 0.1 0.2 7.7 0.2 0.1% 16.7 Iran 17.0 26.0 29.6 1045.7 29.6 15.8% * Iraq 3.1 3.1 3.2 111.9 3.2 1.7% * Kuwait 1.5 1.6 1.8 63.0 1.8 1.0% * Oman 0.3 0.9 0.7 24.4 0.7 0.4% 25.5 Qatar 4.6 14.4 25.3 894.2 25.3 13.5% * Saudi Arabia 5.2 6.3 7.9 283.1 8.0 4.3% 95.5 Syria 0.2 0.2 0.3 9.1 0.3 0.1% 33.2 United Arab Emirates 5.6 6.0 6.1 213.0 6.0 3.2% * Yemen 0.2 0.5 0.5 17.3 0.5 0.3% 78.3 Other Middle East † 0.1 0.1 7.7 0.2 0.1% 62.1 Total Middle East 38.0 59.1 75.7 2677.0 75.8 40.5% * Algeria 3.3 4.5 4.5 159.1 4.5 2.4% 56.0 Egypt 0.4 1.4 2.2 78.0 2.2 1.2% 36.0 Libya 1.2 1.3 1.5 54.7 1.5 0.8% 98.0 Nigeria 2.8 4.1 5.3 186.9 5.3 2.8% * Other Africa 0.8 1.1 1.2 41.4 1.2 0.6% 65.7 Total Africa 8.6 12.5 14.7 520.1 14.7 7.9% 70.5 Australia 0.9 2.2 2.9 103.1 2.9 1.6% 58.0 Bangladesh 0.7 0.3 0.4 12.9 0.4 0.2% 18.3 Brunei 0.3 0.4 0.3 10.6 0.3 0.2% 24.7 China 1.0 1.4 2.8 99.2 2.8 1.5% 29.0 India 0.7 0.8 1.1 51.2 1.5 0.8% 28.5 Indonesia 2.9 2.7 3.0 108.4 3.1 1.6% 37.4 Malaysia 1.6 2.3 2.4 84.6 2.4 1.3% 36.1 Myanmar 0.3 0.3 0.3 11.8 0.3 0.2% 27.5 Pakistan 0.6 0.7 0.8 29.1 0.8 0.4% 20.9 Papua New Guinea 0.2 0.4 0.4 15.6 0.4 0.2% * Thailand 0.2 0.4 0.3 11.0 0.3 0.2% 8.6 Vietnam † 0.2 0.7 21.8 0.6 0.3% 66.0 Other Asia Pacific 0.3 0.3 0.4 12.4 0.4 0.2% 20.4 Total Asia Pacific 9.9 12.3 15.8 571.8 16.2 8.7% 32.8 TotalWorld 125.7 154.3 186.6 6608.9 187.1 100.0% 58.6 of which: OECD 15.7 14.7 17.0 603.8 17.1 9.1% 14.7 Non-OECD 109.9 139.6 169.6 6005.1 170.0 90.9% 83.6 European Union 3.4 3.8 2.5 86.2 2.4 1.3% 14.0 Former Soviet Union 49.3 50.8 58.4 2066.4 58.5 31.3% 77.2 *M ore than 100 years. Less than 0.05. ◆ Less than 0.05%. n/a not available. Notes: Proved reserves of natural gas – Generally taken to be those quantities that geological and engineering information indicates with reasonable certainty can be recovered in the future from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions. Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratio – If the reserves remaining at the end of any year are divided by the production in that year, the result is the length of time that those remaining reserves would last if production were to continue at that rate. Source of data – The estimates in this table have been compiled using a combination of primary official sources and third-party data from Cedigaz and the OPEC Secretariat. † 21 Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios Years 800 600 400 200 80 85 90 95 00 05 10 0 North America S. & Cent. America Europe & Eurasia Africa Middle East Asia Pacific World History 0 200 160 80 120 40 North America S. & Cent. America Europe & Eurasia Middle East Africa Asia Pacific 2010 by region World natural gas proved reserves in 2010 were sufficient to meet 58.6 years of global production. R/P ratios declined for each region, driven by rising production. The Middle East once again had the highest regional R/P ratio, while Middle East and Former Soviet Union regions jointly hold 72% of the world’s gas reserves. Distribution of proved reserves in 1990, 2000 and 2010 Percentage 7.9 40.54.0 5.3 33.7 8.7 36.3 4.9 4.5 38.3 8.0 2010 Total 187.1 trillion cubic metres2000 Total 154.3 trillion cubic metres 1990 Total 125.7 trillion cubic metres 7.8 30.24.1 7.6 43.4 8.1 6.8 Middle East Europe & Eurasia Asia Pacific Africa North America S. & Cent. America 22 Production* Change 2010 over Billion cubic metres 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2009 of total US 543.2 555.5 536.0 540.8 526.4 511.1 524.0 545.6 570.8 582.8 611.0 4.7% 19.3% Canada 182.2 186.5 187.9 184.7 183.7 187.1 188.4 182.5 176.4 163.9 159.8 -2.5% 5.0% Mexico 38.3 38.2 39.4 41.1 42.6 45.0 51.5 53.6 54.2 54.9 55.3 0.7% 1.7% Total North America 763.7 780.1 763.3 766.6 752.8 743.3 763.9 781.6 801.5 801.6 826.1 3.0% 26.0% Argentina 37.4 37.1 36.1 41.0 44.9 45.6 46.1 44.8 44.1 41.4 40.1 -3.0% 1.3% Bolivia 3.2 4.7 4.9 6.4 9.8 11.9 12.9 13.8 14.3 12.3 14.4 16.8% 0.4% Brazil 7.5 7.7 9.2 10.0 11.0 11.0 11.3 11.2 13.7 11.7 14.4 23.5% 0.5% Colombia 5.9 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.4 6.7 7.0 7.5 9.1 10.5 11.3 7.2% 0.4% Peru 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.5 1.8 2.7 3.4 3.5 7.2 108.4% 0.2% Trinidad & Tobago 14.5 15.5 18.0 26.3 27.3 31.0 36.4 39.0 39.3 40.6 42.4 4.4% 1.3% Venezuela 27.9 29.6 28.4 25.2 28.4 27.4 31.5 29.5 30.0 28.7 28.5 -0.7% 0.9% Other S. & Cent. America 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.4 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.2 2.9 -9.9% 0.1% Total S. & Cent. America 100.2 104.5 106.7 118.7 131.7 138.6 151.1 152.5 157.6 151.9 161.2 6.2% 5.0% Azerbaijan 5.1 5.0 4.7 4.6 4.5 5.2 6.1 9.8 14.8 14.8 15.1 2.2% 0.5% Denmark 8.2 8.4 8.4 8.0 9.4 10.4 10.4 9.2 10.1 8.4 8.2 -3.0% 0.3% Germany 16.9 17.0 17.0 17.7 16.4 15.8 15.6 14.3 13.0 12.2 10.6 -12.7% 0.3% Italy 15.2 14.0 13.4 12.7 11.9 11.1 10.1 8.9 8.5 7.3 7.6 3.6% 0.2% Kazakhstan 10.4 10.5 10.2 12.6 20.0 22.6 23.9 26.8 29.8 32.5 33.6 3.3% 1.1% Netherlands 58.1 62.4 60.3 58.1 68.5 62.5 61.6 60.5 66.6 62.7 70.5 12.4% 2.2% Norway 49.7 53.9 65.5 73.1 78.5 85.0 87.6 89.7 99.3 103.7 106.4 2.5% 3.3% Poland 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.1 0.5% 0.1% Romania 13.8 13.6 13.2 13.0 12.8 12.4 11.9 11.5 11.4 11.3 10.9 -2.9% 0.3% Russian Federation 528.5 526.2 538.8 561.5 573.3 580.1 595.2 592.0 601.7 527.7 588.9 11.6% 18.4% Turkmenistan 42.5 46.4 48.4 53.5 52.8 57.0 60.4 65.4 66.1 36.4 42.4 16.4% 1.3% Ukraine 16.2 16.6 17.0 17.6 18.4 18.6 18.7 18.7 19.0 19.3 18.6 -3.8% 0.6% United Kingdom 108.4 105.8 103.6 102.9 96.4 88.2 80.0 72.1 69.6 59.7 57.1 -4.3% 1.8% Uzbekistan 51.1 52.0 51.9 52.0 54.2 54.0 54.5 59.1 62.2 60.0 59.1 -1.5% 1.8% Other Europe & Eurasia 11.1 10.9 11.2 10.6 11.0 10.9 11.5 10.8 10.3 9.7 10.0 3.0% 0.3% Total Europe & Eurasia 938.9 946.6 967.6 1001.9 1032.3 1038.0 1051.7 1053.2 1086.5 969.8 1043.1 7.6% 32.6% Bahrain 8.8 9.1 9.5 9.6 9.8 10.7 11.3 11.8 12.7 12.8 13.1 2.4% 0.4% Iran 60.2 66.0 75.0 81.5 84.9 103.5 108.6 111.9 116.3 131.2 138.5 5.6% 4.3% Iraq 3.2 2.8 2.4 1.6 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.9 1.2 1.3 8.7% ◆ Kuwait 9.6 10.5 9.5 11.0 11.9 12.2 12.5 12.1 12.8 11.2 11.6 3.5% 0.4% Oman 8.7 14.0 15.0 16.5 18.5 19.8 23.7 24.0 24.1 24.8 27.1 9.4% 0.8% Qatar 23.7 27.0 29.5 31.4 39.2 45.8 50.7 63.2 77.0 89.3 116.7 30.7% 3.6% Saudi Arabia 49.8 53.7 56.7 60.1 65.7 71.2 73.5 74.4 80.4 78.5 83.9 7.0% 2.6% Syria 5.5 5.0 6.1 6.2 6.4 5.5 5.7 5.6 5.3 5.7 7.8 37.3% 0.2% United Arab Emirates 38.4 44.9 43.4 44.8 46.3 47.8 49.0 50.3 50.2 48.8 51.0 4.5% 1.6% Yemen – – – – – – – – – 0.8 6.2 704.6% 0.2% Other Middle East 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.5 1.9 2.6 3.0 3.7 3.1 3.5 15.0% 0.1% Total Middle East 208.1 233.3 247.2 262.9 285.1 319.9 339.1 357.8 384.3 407.1 460.7 13.2% 14.4% Algeria 84.4 78.2 80.4 82.8 82.0 88.2 84.5 84.8 85.8 79.6 80.4 1.1% 2.5% Egypt 21.0 25.2 27.3 30.1 33.0 42.5 54.7 55.7 59.0 62.7 61.3 -2.2% 1.9% Libya 5.9 6.2 5.9 5.5 8.1 11.3 13.2 15.3 15.9 15.9 15.8 -0.6% 0.5% Nigeria 12.5 14.9 14.2 19.2 22.8 22.4 28.4 35.0 35.0 24.8 33.6 35.7% 1.1% Other Africa 6.5 6.9 6.6 7.2 8.9 9.9 10.4 12.3 15.8 16.3 17.8 9.4% 0.6% Total Africa 130.3 131.5 134.4 144.9 154.7 174.3 191.2 203.1 211.5 199.2 209.0 4.9% 6.5% Australia 31.2 32.1 32.2 32.7 35.8 37.2 40.2 41.9 41.6 47.9 50.4 5.1% 1.6% Bangladesh 10.0 10.7 11.4 12.3 13.2 14.5 15.3 16.3 17.9 19.7 20.0 1.3% 0.6% Brunei 11.3 11.4 11.5 12.4 12.2 12.0 12.6 12.3 12.2 11.4 12.2 6.7% 0.4% China 27.2 30.3 32.7 35.0 41.5 49.3 58.6 69.2 80.3 85.3 96.8 13.5% 3.0% India 26.4 26.4 27.6 29.5 29.2 29.6 29.3 30.1 30.5 39.2 50.9 29.7% 1.6% Indonesia 65.2 63.3 69.7 73.2 70.3 71.2 70.3 67.6 69.7 71.9 82.0 14.0% 2.6% Malaysia 45.3 46.9 48.3 51.8 53.9 61.1 63.3 64.6 64.7 64.1 66.5 3.7% 2.1% Myanmar 3.4 7.0 8.4 9.6 10.2 12.2 12.6 13.5 12.4 11.5 12.1 4.9% 0.4% Pakistan 21.5 22.7 24.6 30.4 34.5 35.5 36.1 36.8 37.5 38.4 39.5 2.7% 1.2% Thailand 20.2 19.6 20.5 21.5 22.4 23.7 24.3 26.0 28.8 30.9 36.3 17.4% 1.1% Vietnam 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.4 4.2 6.4 7.0 7.1 7.5 8.0 9.4 16.7% 0.3% Other Asia Pacific 9.0 9.5 10.9 10.7 10.1 11.1 14.2 16.9 17.7 17.9 17.3 -3.4% 0.5% Total Asia Pacific 272.1 282.0 300.2 321.6 337.4 363.9 383.7 402.2 420.7 446.4 493.2 10.5% 15.4% TotalWorld 2413.4 2478.0 2519.4 2616.5 2694.0 2778.0 2880.7 2950.5 3062.1 2975.9 3193.3 7.3% 100.0% of which: OECD 1073.9 1096.6 1086.4 1092.8 1091.9 1076.4 1092.9 1102.2 1134.3 1126.3 1159.8 2.9% 36.5% Non-OECD 1339.5 1381.4 1433.0 1523.7 1602.1 1701.6 1787.9 1848.3 1927.8 1849.5 2033.5 9.9% 63.5% European Union 231.9 232.8 227.6 223.6 227.3 212.0 201.3 187.5 189.4 171.5 174.9 2.0% 5.5% Former Soviet Union 654.2 657.1 671.4 702.1 723.4 737.7 759.0 772.1 793.8 690.9 757.9 9.7% 23.7% *E xcluding gas flared or recycled. Source: Includes data from Cedigaz. ◆Less than 0.05%. Notes: As far as possible, the data above represents standard cubic metres (measured at 15ºC and 1013 mbar); because it is derived directly from tonnes of oil equivalent using an average conversion factor, it does not necessarily equate with gas volumes expressed in specific national terms. Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using million tonnes of oil equivalent figures. Natural gas production data expressed in billion cubic feet per day is available at www.bp.com/statisticalreview. 2010 share 23 Consumption Change 2 2010 over sh Billion cubic metres 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2009 of total US 660.7 629.7 651.5 630.8 634.0 623.3 614.1 654.0 658.9 646.7 683.4 5.6% 21.7% Canada 92.7 88.2 90.2 97.7 95.1 97.8 96.9 95.2 95.5 94.4 93.8 -0.6% 3.0% Mexico 41.0 41.7 45.3 50.1 53.4 53.8 60.9 62.8 66.4 66.6 68.9 3.4% 2.2% Total North America 794.4 759.6 787.0 778.6 782.5 774.9 771.9 812.1 820.8 807.7 846.1 4.7% 26.9% Argentina 33.2 31.1 30.3 34.6 37.9 40.4 41.8 43.9 44.4 43.2 43.3 0.4% 1.4% Brazil 9.4 11.9 14.1 15.8 18.8 19.7 20.8 21.1 24.6 19.8 26.5 33.8% 0.8% Chile 6.5 7.3 7.4 8.0 8.7 8.4 7.8 4.6 2.7 3.1 4.7 51.0% 0.1% Colombia 5.9 6.1 6.1 6.0 6.3 6.7 7.0 7.4 7.6 8.7 9.1 4.3% 0.3% Ecuador 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 -6.0% ◆ Peru 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.5 1.8 2.7 3.4 3.5 5.4 56.0% 0.2% Trinidad & Tobago 10.6 11.6 12.7 14.4 13.4 15.1 20.2 20.3 21.9 20.9 22.0 5.5% 0.7% Venezuela 27.9 29.6 28.4 25.2 28.4 27.4 31.5 29.6 31.5 30.5 30.7 0.6% 1.0% Other S. & Cent. America 1.8 2.3 2.4 3.1 2.9 3.3 3.9 4.5 4.7 5.1 5.6 9.9% 0.2% Total S. & Cent. America 96.0 100.7 102.1 107.9 117.5 122.9 135.5 134.6 141.3 135.1 147.7 9.3% 4.7% Austria 8.1 8.6 8.5 9.4 9.5 10.0 9.4 8.9 9.5 9.3 10.1 8.6% 0.3% Azerbaijan 5.2 7.5 7.5 7.7 8.3 8.6 9.1 8.0 9.2 7.8 6.6 -15.9% 0.2% Belarus 15.7 15.7 16.1 15.8 17.9 18.4 19.0 18.8 19.2 16.1 19.7 22.3% 0.6% Belgium & Luxembourg 15.6 15.4 15.7 16.6 16.9 17.1 17.1 17.0 17.2 17.5 19.4 10.9% 0.6% Bulgaria 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.8 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 2.3 2.6 10.1% 0.1% Czech Republic 8.3 8.9 8.7 8.7 9.1 9.6 9.3 8.7 8.7 8.2 9.3 13.7% 0.3% Denmark 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.1 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.9 12.2% 0.2% Finland 3.7 4.1 4.0 4.5 4.3 4.0 4.2 3.9 4.0 3.6 3.9 9.9% 0.1% France 39.3 41.9 40.5 43.0 45.1 44.0 42.1 42.4 43.8 42.2 46.9 11.1% 1.5% Germany 79.5 82.9 82.6 85.5 85.9 86.2 87.2 82.9 81.2 78.0 81.3 4.2% 2.6% Greece 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.4 2.7 2.7 3.1 3.8 4.0 3.4 3.7 8.2% 0.1% Hungary 10.7 11.9 11.8 13.2 13.0 13.4 12.7 11.9 11.8 10.1 10.9 7.7% 0.3% Republic of Ireland 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.5 4.8 5.0 4.8 5.3 10.8% 0.2% Italy 64.9 65.0 64.6 71.2 73.9 79.1 77.4 77.8 77.8 71.5 76.1 6.4% 2.4% Kazakhstan 9.5 10.2 14.8 17.6 25.0 26.8 28.1 26.4 27.2 24.5 25.3 2.9% 0.8% Lithuania 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.6 3.2 2.7 3.1 14.3% 0.1% Netherlands 38.9 40.0 39.8 40.0 40.9 39.3 38.1 37.0 38.6 38.9 43.6 12.1% 1.4% Norway 4.0 3.8 4.0 4.3 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.1 -0.5% 0.1% Poland 11.1 11.5 11.2 12.5 13.2 13.6 13.7 13.8 13.9 13.4 14.3 7.1% 0.5% Portugal 2.4 2.6 3.1 3.0 3.8 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.6 4.7 5.0 6.7% 0.2% Romania 17.1 16.6 17.2 18.3 17.5 17.6 18.1 16.1 15.9 13.3 13.3 0.6% 0.4% Russian Federation 354.0 366.2 367.7 384.9 394.1 400.3 408.5 422.1 416.0 389.6 414.1 6.3% 13.0% Slovakia 6.5 6.9 6.5 6.3 6.1 6.6 6.0 5.7 5.7 4.9 5.6 14.5% 0.2% Spain 16.9 18.2 20.8 23.6 27.4 32.4 33.7 35.1 38.6 34.6 34.4 -0.3% 1.1% Sweden 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.6 38.9% 0.1% Switzerland 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.3 10.5% 0.1% Turkey 14.6 16.0 17.4 20.9 22.1 26.9 30.5 36.1 37.5 35.7 39.0 9.2% 1.2% Turkmenistan 12.2 12.5 12.9 14.2 15.0 16.1 18.4 21.3 20.5 19.9 22.6 13.5% 0.7% Ukraine 71.0 68.8 67.7 69.0 68.5 69.0 67.0 63.2 60.0 47.0 52.1 11.0% 1.6% United Kingdom 96.9 96.4 95.1 95.4 97.4 95.0 90.1 91.1 93.8 86.7 93.8 8.3% 3.0% Uzbekistan 45.7 49.6 50.9 45.8 43.4 42.7 41.9 45.9 48.7 43.5 45.5 4.6% 1.4% Other Europe & Eurasia 13.2 14.5 13.6 14.1 15.6 15.9 16.4 17.0 16.1 13.7 15.7 14.9% 0.5% Total Europe & Eurasia 985.3 1016.1 1023.2 1067.1 1100.1 1122.8 1129.5 1143.5 1148.2 1060.5 1137.2 7.2% 35.8% Iran 62.9 70.1 79.2 82.9 86.5 105.0 108.7 113.0 119.3 131.4 136.9 4.2% 4.3% Israel † † † † 1.2 1.7 2.3 2.8 4.1 4.5 5.3 17.5% 0.2% Kuwait 9.6 10.5 9.5 11.0 11.9 12.2 12.5 12.1 12.8 12.1 14.4 18.8% 0.5% Qatar 9.7 11.0 11.1 12.2 15.0 18.7 19.6 19.3 19.3 20.0 20.4 2.0% 0.6% Saudi Arabia 49.8 53.7 56.7 60.1 65.7 71.2 73.5 74.4 80.4 78.5 83.9 7.0% 2.6% United Arab Emirates 31.4 37.9 36.4 37.9 40.2 42.1 43.4 49.2 59.5 59.1 60.5 2.5% 1.9% Other Middle East 23.3 23.7 24.6 25.0 26.5 28.4 31.5 32.3 36.5 38.6 44.1 14.1% 1.4% Total Middle East 186.7 206.8 217.6 229.0 247.1 279.2 291.5 303.1 331.9 344.1 365.5 6.2% 11.5% Algeria 19.8 20.5 20.2 21.4 22.0 23.2 23.7 24.3 25.4 27.2 28.9 6.0% 0.9% Egypt 20.0 24.5 26.5 29.7 31.7 31.6 36.5 38.4 40.8 42.5 45.1 6.0% 1.4% South Africa 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 2.1 3.1 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.4 3.8 13.8% 0.1% Other Africa 17.4 17.6 18.0 20.4 23.8 25.0 24.4 28.3 30.2 25.7 27.1 5.5% 0.9% Total Africa 58.4 63.8 65.8 72.6 79.7 83.0 88.1 94.4 100.1 98.9 105.0 6.1% 3.3% Australia 20.5 21.6 22.0 22.0 23.4 22.0 25.3 27.6 28.8 30.7 30.4 -1.2% 1.0% Bangladesh 10.0 10.7 11.4 12.3 13.2 14.5 15.3 16.3 17.9 19.7 20.0 1.3% 0.6% China 24.5 27.4 29.2 33.9 39.7 46.8 56.1 70.5 81.3 89.5 109.0 21.8% 3.4% China Hong Kong SAR 3.0 3.0 2.9 1.8 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.7 3.2 3.1 3.8 24.3% 0.1% India 26.4 26.4 27.6 29.5 31.9 35.7 37.3 40.1 41.3 51.0 61.9 21.5% 1.9% Indonesia 29.7 31.0 32.9 35.0 32.2 33.2 33.2 31.3 33.3 37.4 40.3 7.8% 1.3% Japan 72.3 74.3 72.7 79.8 77.0 78.6 83.7 90.2 93.7 87.4 94.5 8.1% 3.0% Malaysia 24.1 25.2 26.2 27.3 24.7 31.4 33.7 33.4 33.8 33.7 35.7 6.2% 1.1% New Zealand 5.6 5.9 5.6 4.3 3.9 3.6 3.7 4.1 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2% 0.1% Pakistan 21.5 22.7 24.6 30.4 34.5 35.5 36.1 36.8 37.5 38.4 39.5 2.7% 1.2% Philippines † 0.1 1.8 2.7 2.5 3.3 2.6 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.1 -5.8% 0.1% Singapore † 0.9 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.8 7.1 8.6 8.2 8.1 8.4 4.2% 0.3% South Korea 18.9 20.8 23.1 24.2 28.4 30.4 32.0 34.7 35.7 33.9 42.9 26.5% 1.4% Taiwan 6.8 7.3 8.2 8.4 10.2 10.3 11.1 11.8 11.6 11.3 14.1 24.3% 0.4% Thailand 22.0 24.8 26.9 28.6 29.9 32.5 33.3 35.4 37.4 39.2 45.1 15.0% 1.4% Vietnam 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.4 4.2 6.4 7.0 7.1 7.5 8.0 9.4 16.7% 0.3% Other Asia Pacific 3.9 3.8 3.6 4.2 4.5 5.2 5.5 6.0 5.7 5.2 5.3 3.6% 0.2% Total Asia Pacific 290.8 308.0 324.6 350.8 367.7 398.9 426.0 459.6 484.0 503.9 567.6 12.6% 17.9% TotalWorld 2411.7 2455.0 2520.3 2606.1 2694.5 2781.8 2842.4 2947.4 3026.4 2950.2 3169.0 7.4% 100.0% of which: OECD 1355.5 1340.1 1368.8 1392.4 1415.7 1422.5 1425.3 1475.9 1500.4 1453.0 1546.2 6.4% 48.9% Non-OECD 1056.1 1114.9 1151.5 1213.7 1278.9 1359.2 1417.1 1471.5 1526.0 1497.2 1622.8 8.4% 51.1% European Union 440.4 451.8 451.2 473.2 486.0 494.2 486.9 481.2 489.7 458.5 492.5 7.4% 15.5% Former Soviet Union 523.6 541.6 547.8 565.9 583.9 594.4 604.7 619.0 613.1 558.9 596.8 6.8% 18.8% † Less than 0.05. Source: Includes data from Cedigaz. ◆Less than 0.05%. Notes: As far as possible, the data above represent standard cubic metres (measured at 15ºC and 1013 mbar); as they are derived directly from tonnes of oil equivalent using an average conversion factor, they do not necessarily equate with gas volumes expressed in specific national terms. The difference between these world consumption figures and the world production statistics is due to variations in stocks at storage facilities and liquefaction plants, together with unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of gas supply and demand data. Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using million tonnes oil equivalent figures. Natural gas consumption data expressed in billion cubic feet per day is available at www.bp.com/statisticalreview. 010 are 24 Production* Change 2010 over Million tonnes oil equivalent 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2009 of total US 495.5 508.2 489.9 494.7 480.7 467.6 479.3 499.6 521.7 531.6 556.8 4.7% 19.3% Canada 164.0 167.8 169.1 166.2 165.3 168.4 169.6 164.3 158.8 147.5 143.8 -2.5% 5.0% Mexico 34.4 34.4 35.5 37.0 38.4 40.5 46.3 48.2 48.8 49.4 49.8 0.7% 1.7% Total North America 693.9 710.4 694.4 697.9 684.4 676.5 695.3 712.0 729.3 728.5 750.4 3.0% 26.0% Argentina 33.7 33.4 32.5 36.9 40.4 41.1 41.5 40.3 39.7 37.2 36.1 -3.0% 1.3% Bolivia 2.9 4.2 4.4 5.7 8.8 10.7 11.6 12.4 12.9 11.1 12.9 16.8% 0.4% Brazil 6.7 6.9 8.3 9.0 9.9 9.9 10.2 10.1 12.4 10.5 13.0 23.5% 0.5% Colombia 5.3 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.7 6.0 6.3 6.8 8.2 9.5 10.1 7.2% 0.4% Peru 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.4 1.6 2.4 3.1 3.1 6.5 108.4% 0.2% Trinidad & Tobago 13.1 13.9 16.2 23.7 24.6 27.9 32.8 35.1 35.4 36.5 38.1 4.4% 1.3% Venezuela 25.1 26.6 25.6 22.7 25.6 24.7 28.3 26.6 27.0 25.8 25.7 -0.7% 0.9% Other S. & Cent. America 3.0 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.8 3.1 3.7 3.5 3.4 2.9 2.6 -9.9% 0.1% Total S. & Cent. America 90.2 94.1 96.0 106.8 118.6 124.8 136.0 137.2 141.8 136.7 145.1 6.2% 5.0% Azerbaijan 4.6 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.7 5.5 8.8 13.3 13.3 13.6 2.2% 0.5% Denmark 7.3 7.5 7.5 7.2 8.5 9.4 9.4 8.3 9.1 7.6 7.4 -3.0% 0.3% Germany 15.2 15.3 15.3 15.9 14.7 14.2 14.1 12.9 11.7 11.0 9.6 -12.7% 0.3% Italy 13.7 12.6 12.1 11.5 10.7 10.0 9.1 8.0 7.6 6.6 6.8 3.6% 0.2% Kazakhstan 9.4 9.5 9.2 11.3 18.0 20.3 21.5 24.1 26.8 29.3 30.3 3.3% 1.1% Netherlands 52.3 56.2 54.3 52.2 61.6 56.3 55.4 54.5 60.0 56.4 63.5 12.4% 2.2% Norway 44.8 48.5 59.0 65.8 70.6 76.5 78.9 80.7 89.4 93.4 95.7 2.5% 3.3% Poland 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.7 0.5% 0.1% Romania 12.4 12.2 11.9 11.7 11.5 11.2 10.7 10.4 10.3 10.1 9.8 -2.9% 0.3% Russian Federation 475.7 473.6 484.9 505.4 516.0 522.1 535.6 532.8 541.5 474.9 530.1 11.6% 18.4% Turkmenistan 38.3 41.8 43.6 48.1 47.5 51.3 54.3 58.9 59.5 32.7 38.1 16.4% 1.3% Ukraine 14.6 14.9 15.3 15.8 16.5 16.7 16.9 16.9 17.1 17.3 16.7 -3.8% 0.6% United Kingdom 97.5 95.2 93.2 92.6 86.7 79.4 72.0 64.9 62.7 53.7 51.4 -4.3% 1.8% Uzbekistan 45.9 46.8 46.7 46.8 48.8 48.6 49.0 53.2 56.0 54.0 53.2 -1.5% 1.8% Other Europe & Eurasia 10.0 9.8 10.1 9.6 9.9 9.8 10.3 9.7 9.2 8.8 9.0 3.0% 0.3% Total Europe & Eurasia 845.0 852.0 870.8 901.7 929.0 934.2 946.5 947.9 977.8 872.8 938.8 7.6% 32.6% Bahrain 7.9 8.2 8.5 8.7 8.8 9.6 10.2 10.6 11.4 11.5 11.8 2.4% 0.4% Iran 54.2 59.4 67.5 73.4 76.4 93.2 97.7 100.7 104.7 118.0 124.7 5.6% 4.3% Iraq 2.8 2.5 2.1 1.4 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.0 1.1 8.7% ◆ Kuwait 8.6 9.5 8.5 9.9 10.7 11.0 11.3 10.9 11.5 10.1 10.4 3.5% 0.4% Oman 7.8 12.6 13.5 14.9 16.7 17.8 21.3 21.6 21.7 22.3 24.4 9.4% 0.8% Qatar 21.3 24.3 26.6 28.3 35.3 41.2 45.6 56.9 69.3 80.4 105.0 30.7% 3.6% Saudi Arabia 44.8 48.3 51.0 54.1 59.1 64.1 66.2 67.0 72.4 70.6 75.5 7.0% 2.6% Syria 4.9 4.5 5.5 5.6 5.8 4.9 5.1 5.0 4.8 5.1 7.0 37.3% 0.2% United Arab Emirates 34.5 40.4 39.1 40.3 41.7 43.0 44.1 45.3 45.2 43.9 45.9 4.5% 1.6% Yemen – – – – – – – – – 0.7 5.6 704.6% 0.2% Other Middle East 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.4 1.7 2.4 2.7 3.3 2.8 3.2 15.0% 0.1% Total Middle East 187.3 210.0 222.5 236.6 256.6 287.9 305.2 322.1 345.9 366.4 414.6 13.2% 14.4% Algeria 76.0 70.4 72.3 74.5 73.8 79.4 76.0 76.3 77.2 71.6 72.4 1.1% 2.5% Egypt 18.9 22.7 24.6 27.1 29.7 38.3 49.2 50.1 53.1 56.4 55.2 -2.2% 1.9% Libya 5.3 5.6 5.3 5.0 7.3 10.2 11.9 13.8 14.3 14.3 14.2 -0.6% 0.5% Nigeria 11.3 13.4 12.8 17.3 20.5 20.2 25.6 31.5 31.5 22.3 30.3 35.7% 1.1% Other Africa 5.8 6.2 6.0 6.5 8.0 8.9 9.4 11.1 14.2 14.7 16.1 9.4% 0.6% Total Africa 117.3 118.3 121.0 130.4 139.3 156.9 172.1 182.8 190.4 179.3 188.1 4.9% 6.5% Australia 28.0 28.9 29.0 29.4 32.2 33.5 36.2 37.7 37.4 43.1 45.3 5.1% 1.6% Bangladesh 9.0 9.7 10.3 11.1 11.9 13.1 13.8 14.6 16.1 17.8 18.0 1.3% 0.6% Brunei 10.2 10.3 10.3 11.1 11.0 10.8 11.3 11.0 10.9 10.3 11.0 6.7% 0.4% China 24.5 27.3 29.4 31.5 37.3 44.4 52.7 62.3 72.3 76.7 87.1 13.5% 3.0% India 23.7 23.8 24.8 26.6 26.3 26.7 26.4 27.1 27.5 35.3 45.8 29.7% 1.6% Indonesia 58.7 57.0 62.7 65.9 63.3 64.1 63.2 60.9 62.7 64.7 73.8 14.0% 2.6% Malaysia 40.7 42.2 43.5 46.6 48.5 55.0 57.0 58.1 58.2 57.7 59.8 3.7% 2.1% Myanmar 3.1 6.3 7.6 8.6 9.2 11.0 11.3 12.2 11.2 10.4 10.9 4.9% 0.4% Pakistan 19.4 20.4 22.1 27.4 31.0 32.0 32.5 33.1 33.8 34.6 35.5 2.7% 1.2% Thailand 18.2 17.7 18.5 19.3 20.1 21.3 21.9 23.4 25.9 27.8 32.7 17.4% 1.1% Vietnam 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.1 3.7 5.8 6.3 6.4 6.7 7.2 8.4 16.7% 0.3% Other Asia Pacific 8.1 8.5 9.8 9.6 9.1 10.0 12.8 15.2 16.0 16.1 15.6 -3.4% 0.5% Total Asia Pacific 244.9 253.8 270.2 289.4 303.7 327.5 345.4 362.0 378.7 401.7 443.9 10.5% 15.4% TotalWorld 2178.7 2238.5 2274.9 2362.9 2431.5 2507.8 2600.4 2664.0 2763.8 2685.4 2880.9 7.3% 100.0% of which: OECD 973.1 995.2 985.3 991.5 989.6 976.4 991.3 1000.6 1028.8 1020.8 1050.7 2.9% 36.5% Non-OECD 1205.6 1243.3 1289.7 1371.3 1441.9 1531.4 1609.1 1663.5 1735.0 1664.6 1830.2 9.9% 63.5% European Union 208.7 209.6 204.9 201.2 204.6 190.8 181.2 168.7 170.5 154.4 157.4 2.0% 5.5% Former Soviet Union 588.8 591.4 604.2 631.9 651.1 664.0 683.1 694.9 714.4 621.8 682.1 9.7% 23.7% *E xcluding gas flared or recycled. Source: Includes data from Cedigaz. ◆ Less than 0.05%. 2010 share 25 Consumption Change 201 2010 over shar Million tonnes oil equivalent 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2009 of total US 600.4 573.9 593.7 575.3 577.3 568.5 560.0 597.3 600.6 588.3 621.0 5.6% 21.7% Canada 83.4 79.4 81.2 87.9 85.6 88.0 87.3 85.7 86.0 85.0 84.5 -0.6% 3.0% Mexico 36.9 37.5 40.8 45.1 48.1 48.5 54.8 56.5 59.8 59.9 62.0 3.4% 2.2% Total North America 720.7 690.7 715.6 708.4 710.9 705.0 702.1 739.5 746.4 733.1 767.4 4.7% 26.9% Argentina 29.9 28.0 27.2 31.1 34.1 36.4 37.6 39.5 40.0 38.8 39.0 0.4% 1.4% Brazil 8.5 10.7 12.7 14.2 16.9 17.7 18.7 19.0 22.2 17.8 23.8 33.8% 0.8% Chile 5.8 6.6 6.6 7.2 7.8 7.5 7.0 4.1 2.4 2.8 4.2 51.0% 0.1% Colombia 5.3 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.7 6.0 6.3 6.7 6.8 7.8 8.2 4.3% 0.3% Ecuador 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 -6.0% ◆ Peru 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.4 1.6 2.4 3.1 3.1 4.9 56.0% 0.2% Trinidad & Tobago 9.5 10.5 11.4 13.0 12.0 13.6 18.2 18.2 19.7 18.8 19.8 5.5% 0.7% Venezuela 25.1 26.6 25.6 22.7 25.6 24.7 28.3 26.6 28.3 27.5 27.6 0.6% 1.0% Other S. & Cent. America 1.6 2.1 2.2 2.8 2.6 2.9 3.5 4.0 4.3 4.5 5.0 9.9% 0.2% Total S. & Cent. America 86.4 90.6 91.9 97.1 105.8 110.6 121.9 121.2 127.2 121.6 132.9 9.3% 4.7% Austria 7.3 7.7 7.7 8.5 8.5 9.0 8.5 8.0 8.6 8.4 9.1 8.6% 0.3% Azerbaijan 4.7 6.8 6.8 7.0 7.5 7.7 8.2 7.2 8.2 7.0 5.9 -15.9% 0.2% Belarus 14.2 14.1 14.5 14.3 16.1 16.5 17.1 17.0 17.3 14.5 17.7 22.3% 0.6% Belgium & Luxembourg 14.0 13.8 14.1 15.0 15.2 15.4 15.4 15.3 15.5 15.7 17.4 10.9% 0.6% Bulgaria 2.9 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.1 2.3 10.1% 0.1% Czech Republic 7.5 8.0 7.8 7.8 8.2 8.6 8.4 7.8 7.8 7.4 8.4 13.7% 0.3% Denmark 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.5 12.2% 0.2% Finland 3.4 3.7 3.6 4.0 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.2 3.5 9.9% 0.1% France 35.4 37.7 36.5 38.7 40.5 39.6 37.9 38.2 39.4 38.0 42.2 11.1% 1.5% Germany 71.5 74.6 74.3 77.0 77.3 77.6 78.5 74.6 73.1 70.2 73.2 4.2% 2.6% Greece 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.8 3.4 3.6 3.0 3.3 8.2% 0.1% Hungary 9.7 10.7 10.6 11.9 11.7 12.1 11.5 10.7 10.6 9.1 9.8 7.7% 0.3% Republic of Ireland 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5 4.0 4.3 4.5 4.3 4.8 10.8% 0.2% Italy 58.4 58.5 58.1 64.1 66.5 71.2 69.7 70.0 70.0 64.4 68.5 6.4% 2.4% Kazakhstan 8.6 9.2 13.3 15.9 22.5 24.1 25.3 23.8 24.5 22.1 22.7 2.9% 0.8% Lithuania 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.3 2.9 2.5 2.8 14.3% 0.1% Netherlands 35.0 36.0 35.8 36.0 36.8 35.4 34.3 33.3 34.7 35.0 39.2 12.1% 1.4% Norway 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.7 -0.5% 0.1% Poland 10.0 10.4 10.1 11.3 11.9 12.2 12.4 12.4 12.5 12.0 12.9 7.1% 0.5% Portugal 2.1 2.3 2.8 2.7 3.4 3.8 3.7 3.9 4.2 4.2 4.5 6.7% 0.2% Romania 15.4 14.9 15.5 16.5 15.7 15.8 16.3 14.5 14.3 11.9 12.0 0.6% 0.4% Russian Federation 318.6 329.6 330.9 346.4 354.7 360.2 367.7 379.9 374.4 350.7 372.7 6.3% 13.0% Slovakia 5.8 6.2 5.8 5.7 5.5 5.9 5.4 5.1 5.2 4.4 5.1 14.5% 0.2% Spain 15.2 16.4 18.8 21.3 24.7 29.1 30.3 31.6 34.8 31.1 31.0 -0.3% 1.1% Sweden 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.4 38.9% 0.1% Switzerland 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.7 3.0 10.5% 0.1% Turkey 13.1 14.4 15.6 18.8 19.9 24.2 27.4 32.5 33.8 32.1 35.1 9.2% 1.2% Turkmenistan 11.0 11.2 11.6 12.8 13.5 14.5 16.5 19.1 18.5 17.9 20.4 13.5% 0.7% Ukraine 63.9 61.9 60.9 62.1 61.7 62.1 60.3 56.9 54.0 42.3 46.9 11.0% 1.6% United Kingdom 87.2 86.7 85.6 85.8 87.7 85.5 81.1 81.9 84.5 78.0 84.5 8.3% 3.0% Uzbekistan 41.1 44.6 45.8 41.2 39.1 38.4 37.7 41.3 43.8 39.2 41.0 4.6% 1.4% Other Europe & Eurasia 11.9 13.0 12.2 12.7 14.1 14.3 14.7 15.3 14.5 12.3 14.1 14.9% 0.5% Total Europe & Eurasia 886.8 914.5 920.9 960.4 990.1 1010.5 1016.5 1029.1 1033.4 954.5 1023.5 7.2% 35.8% Iran 56.6 63.1 71.3 74.6 77.9 94.5 97.8 101.7 107.4 118.2 123.2 4.2% 4.3% Israel † † † † 1.1 1.5 2.1 2.5 3.7 4.1 4.8 17.5% 0.2% Kuwait 8.6 9.5 8.5 9.9 10.7 11.0 11.3 10.9 11.5 10.9 12.9 18.8% 0.5% Qatar 8.7 9.9 10.0 11.0 13.5 16.8 17.6 17.4 17.4 18.0 18.4 2.0% 0.6% Saudi Arabia 44.8 48.3 51.0 54.1 59.1 64.1 66.2 67.0 72.4 70.6 75.5 7.0% 2.6% United Arab Emirates 28.3 34.1 32.8 34.1 36.2 37.8 39.0 44.3 53.5 53.2 54.5 2.5% 1.9% Other Middle East 21.0 21.3 22.2 22.5 23.9 25.5 28.3 29.1 32.8 34.7 39.6 14.1% 1.4% Total Middle East 168.1 186.1 195.8 206.1 222.4 251.3 262.3 272.8 298.7 309.7 329.0 6.2% 11.5% Algeria 17.9 18.5 18.2 19.3 19.8 20.9 21.4 21.9 22.8 24.5 26.0 6.0% 0.9% Egypt 18.0 22.1 23.9 26.7 28.5 28.4 32.9 34.5 36.8 38.3 40.6 6.0% 1.4% South Africa 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.9 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.0 3.4 13.8% 0.1% Other Africa 15.7 15.9 16.2 18.4 21.4 22.5 22.0 25.4 27.2 23.2 24.4 5.5% 0.9% Total Africa 52.6 57.4 59.2 65.3 71.7 74.7 79.3 85.0 90.1 89.0 94.5 6.1% 3.3% Australia 18.5 19.4 19.8 19.8 21.0 19.8 22.8 24.9 25.9 27.7 27.3 -1.2% 1.0% Bangladesh 9.0 9.7 10.3 11.1 11.9 13.1 13.8 14.6 16.1 17.8 18.0 1.3% 0.6% China 22.1 24.7 26.3 30.5 35.7 42.1 50.5 63.5 73.2 80.6 98.1 21.8% 3.4% China Hong Kong SAR 2.7 2.7 2.6 1.7 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.9 2.8 3.4 24.3% 0.1% India 23.7 23.8 24.8 26.6 28.7 32.1 33.5 36.1 37.2 45.9 55.7 21.5% 1.9% Indonesia 26.8 27.9 29.6 31.5 29.0 29.9 29.9 28.2 30.0 33.6 36.3 7.8% 1.3% Japan 65.1 66.8 65.4 71.8 69.3 70.7 75.4 81.2 84.4 78.7 85.1 8.1% 3.0% Malaysia 21.7 22.7 23.6 24.6 22.2 28.3 30.4 30.1 30.4 30.3 32.2 6.2% 1.1% New Zealand 5.1 5.3 5.1 3.9 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.7 4.2% 0.1% Pakistan 19.4 20.4 22.1 27.4 31.0 32.0 32.5 33.1 33.8 34.6 35.5 2.7% 1.2% Philippines † 0.1 1.6 2.4 2.2 3.0 2.4 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.8 -5.8% 0.1% Singapore † 0.8 3.2 3.6 4.5 6.2 6.3 7.8 7.4 7.3 7.6 4.2% 0.3% South Korea 17.0 18.7 20.8 21.8 25.5 27.3 28.8 31.2 32.1 30.5 38.6 26.5% 1.4% Taiwan 6.1 6.6 7.4 7.6 9.2 9.3 10.0 10.6 10.5 10.2 12.7 24.3% 0.4% Thailand 19.8 22.3 24.2 25.7 26.9 29.3 30.0 31.8 33.6 35.3 40.6 15.0% 1.4% Vietnam 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.1 3.7 5.8 6.3 6.4 6.7 7.2 8.4 16.7% 0.3% Other Asia Pacific 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.8 4.1 4.7 4.9 5.4 5.1 4.6 4.8 3.6% 0.2% Total Asia Pacific 261.7 277.2 292.2 315.8 330.9 359.0 383.4 413.7 435.6 453.5 510.8 12.6% 17.9% TotalWorld 2176.2 2216.6 2275.6 2353.1 2431.8 2511.2 2565.6 2661.3 2731.4 2661.4 2858.1 7.4% 100.0% of which: OECD 1225.7 1213.2 1239.2 1260.8 1280.8 1287.8 1290.2 1336.9 1358.0 1313.9 1397.6 6.4% 48.9% Non-OECD 950.5 1003.4 1036.3 1092.3 1151.0 1223.3 1275.4 1324.3 1373.4 1347.5 1460.5 8.4% 51.1% European Union 396.3 406.6 406.0 425.8 437.4 444.8 438.2 433.0 440.7 412.6 443.3 7.4% 15.5% Former Soviet Union 471.3 487.4 493.0 509.3 525.5 534.9 544.2 557.1 551.8 503.0 537.1 6.8% 18.8% † Less than 0.05. Source: Includes data from Cedigaz. ◆Less than 0.05%. Notes: The difference between these world consumption figures and the world production statistics is due to variations in stocks at storage facilities and liquefaction plants, together with unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of gas supply and demand data. 0 e 26 Production by region Billion cubic metres 0 3500 2500 3000 500 1500 1000 2000 Rest of World Asia Pacific Europe & Eurasia North America 85 9590 0500 10 Consumption by region Billion cubic metres 0 3500 2500 3000 500 1500 1000 2000 Rest of World Asia Pacific Europe & Eurasia North America 85 9590 0500 10 World natural gas production increased by 7.3%, the largest increase since 1984. Growth was above average in all regions; Russia recorded the largest production increment. Natural gas consumption increased by 7.4%, with above-average growth in all regions but the Middle East. The US recorded the world’s largest gas consumption increment. Consumption per capita 2010 Tonnes oil equivalent 0-0.5 0.5-1.0 1.0-1.5 1.5-2.0 > 2.0 27 Prices $/Mmbtu US Henry Hub 14 Average German Import Price cif UK NBP Japan LNG cif 12 10 8 6 4 2 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 0 Prices LNG Natural gas Crude oil Japan Average German UK US Canada OECD US dollars per million Btu cif Import Price* (Heren NBP Index)† Henry Hub‡ (Alberta)‡ countries cif 1984 5.10 4.00 – – – 5.00 1985 5.23 4.25 – – – 4.75 1986 4.10 3.93 – – – 2.57 1987 3.35 2.55 – – – 3.09 1988 3.34 2.22 – – – 2.56 1989 3.28 2.00 – 1.70 – 3.01 1990 3.64 2.78 – 1.64 1.05 3.82 1991 3.99 3.19 – 1.49 0.89 3.33 1992 3.62 2.69 – 1.77 0.98 3.19 1993 3.52 2.50 – 2.12 1.69 2.82 1994 3.18 2.35 – 1.92 1.45 2.70 1995 3.46 2.39 – 1.69 0.89 2.96 1996 3.66 2.46 1.87 2.76 1.12 3.54 1997 3.91 2.64 1.96 2.53 1.36 3.29 1998 3.05 2.32 1.86 2.08 1.42 2.16 1999 3.14 1.88 1.58 2.27 2.00 2.98 2000 4.72 2.89 2.71 4.23 3.75 4.83 2001 4.64 3.66 3.17 4.07 3.61 4.08 2002 4.27 3.23 2.37 3.33 2.57 4.17 2003 4.77 4.06 3.33 5.63 4.83 4.89 2004 5.18 4.32 4.46 5.85 5.03 6.27 2005 6.05 5.88 7.38 8.79 7.25 8.74 2006 7.14 7.85 7.87 6.76 5.83 10.66 2007 7.73 8.03 6.01 6.95 6.17 11.95 2008 12.55 11.56 10.79 8.85 7.99 16.76 2009 9.06 8.52 4.85 3.89 3.38 10.41 2010 10.91 8.01 6.56 4.39 3.69 13.47 *Source: 1984-1990 German Federal Statistical Office, 1991-2010 German Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA). † Source: Heren Energy Ltd. ‡ Source: Energy Intelligence Group, Natural Gas Week. Note: cif = cost+insurance+freight (average prices). 28 Natural gas: trade movements 2010 Numbers in blue refer to liquefied natural gas (LNG) trade Numbers in black refer to pipeline trade Numbers in red refer to both pipeline and LNG trade Fold out to see full table Natural gas: trade movements 2010 Billion cubic metres From tsr Netherlands an obago Germany erbaijan Mexico Argentina Colombia Trinidad Belgium France way Kingdom Mozambique impo ts Canada Denmark Kazakhstan ussianederation urkmenist Uzbekistan Arab Algeria Equatorial Nigeria UnitedEmirates Timor ustralia Indonesia r sia anmar Pipeline impo Guinea ts u T r r aly o rkey u bya To US Bolivia & Pe It N Spain T Az R F Li Iran United T Egypt Oman ar Qat Yemen unei A Br China East Malay My LNG otalimpor T North America US – 92.40 0.85 – – – 5.38 0.45 – – – – – – 0.76 – – – – – – – – – 2.07 – – – 1.18 – – 1.29 – 1.10 – – – – – – – 93.25 12.23 105.48 Canada 20.91 – – – – – 1.59 0.08 – – – – – – 0.08 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.25 – – – – – – – – – 20.91 2.00 22.91 Mexico 9.43 – – – – – – 0.26 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.16 – – – 2.23 – – 1.02 – 0.18 – – – – 1.87 – – 9.43 5.72 15.15 S. & Cent. America Argentina – – – – 1.83 – 1.63 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.15 – – – – – – – – – 1.83 1.78 3.61 Brazil 0.09 – – – 9.82 – 0.85 0.16 0.08 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.08 – – 0.89 – – 0.59 0.04 – – – – – – – – 9.82 2.78 12.60 Chile – – – 0.34 – – 0.52 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.17 0.55 1.50 – – – – – 0.25 – 0.08 – – – – – – – 0.34 3.07 3.41 Dominican Republic – – – – – – 0.82 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.82 0.82 Puerto Rico – – – – – – 0.77 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.77 0.77 Uruguay – – – 0.08 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.08 – 0.08 Venezuela – – – – – 2.18 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2.18 – 2.18 Europe & Eurasia Austria – – – – – – – – – – – 0.44 – – 1.08 – – – – – 5.25 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 6.77 – 6.77 Armenia – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1.29 – – – – – – – – 0.40 – – – – – – – – – – – 1.69 – 1.69 Azerbaijan – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.25 – – – – – – – – – – – 0.25 – 0.25 Belarus – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 19.52 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 19.52 – 19.52 Belgium 0.05 – – – – – 0.08 0.08 – – – 0.81 – 5.55 6.91 – – 4.95 – – – – – – 0.17 – – – 0.16 – – 5.80 – – – – – – – – – 18.13 6.43 24.56 Bosnia & Herzegovina – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.21 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.21 – 0.21 Bulgaria – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2.16 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2.16 – 2.16 Croatia – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.14 – – – – – – – 1.03 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1.17 – 1.17 Czech Republic – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 3.10 – – – – – 8.44 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 11.54 – 11.54 Denmark – – – – – – – – – – – 0.15 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.15 – 0.15 Estonia – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.36 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.36 – 0.36 Finland – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 4.50 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 4.50 – 4.50 France – – – – – – 0.35 – 1.20 – – 3.98 – 6.85 14.15 0.63 – 0.60 – – 8.05 – – 6.27 0.73 – – – 3.57 – – 2.43 – 0.08 – – – – – – – 34.95 13.94 48.89 Georgia – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1.03 – 0.21 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1.24 – 1.24 Germany – – – – – – – – – 1.14 – – – 24.20 30.20 – – 2.85 – – 34.43 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 92.82 – 92.82 Greece – – – – – – 0.08 – – – – – – – – – 0.66 – – – 2.05 – – 0.98 0.08 0.03 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2.71 1.17 3.88 Hungary – – – – – – – – – – 0.70 0.30 – – – – – – – – 6.47 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 7.47 – 7.47 Republic of Ireland – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 5.29 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 5.29 – 5.29 Italy – – – – – – 0.32 – – – – 2.50 – 8.11 5.75 – – 0.50 – – 14.20 – – 27.56 0.72 0.09 9.41 – – – – 6.18 – – – – – – – – – 66.26 9.08 75.34 Kazakhstan – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.74 – 2.90 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 3.64 – 3.64 Kyrgyzstan – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.19 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.19 – 0.19 Latvia – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.66 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.66 – 0.66 Lithuania – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2.63 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2.63 – 2.63 Luxembourg – – – – – – – – 0.62 – – 0.75 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1.37 – 1.37 FYR of Macedonia – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.08 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.08 – 0.08 Moldova – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1.08 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1.08 – 1.08 Netherlands – – – – – – – – – 0.76 – 2.61 – – 8.11 – – 1.46 – – 4.03 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 16.97 – 16.97 Poland – – – – – – – – – – – 1.07 – – – – – – – – 9.08 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 10.15 – 10.15 Portugal – – – – – – 0.18 – – – – – – – 0.05 0.52 – – – – – – – 1.43 – – – – 2.70 – – 0.08 – – – – – – – – – 1.95 3.01 4.96 Romania – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2.15 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2.15 – 2.15 Russian Federation – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.72 11.95 – 9.68 10.32 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 32.67 – 32.67 Serbia – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1.91 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1.91 – 1.91 Slovakia – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 5.47 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 5.47 – 5.47 Slovenia – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.50 – – 0.38 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.88 – 0.88 Spain 0.12 – – – – – 3.32 0.63 0.08 – 0.23 – – – 3.30 – – – – – – – – 12.05 2.62 – 0.34 – 7.82 – 0.17 5.54 – 0.18 – – – – – – – 8.86 27.54 36.40 Sweden – – – – – – – – – 1.64 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1.64 – 1.64 Switzerland – – – – – – – – – – 0.60 2.15 – 0.55 0.05 – – – – – 0.28 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 3.63 – 3.63 Tajikistan – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.16 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.16 – 0.16 Turkey – – – – – – 0.26 – 0.08 – – – – – 0.26 – – – 4.35 – 16.64 – – 3.87 0.27 – – – 1.26 7.77 – 1.92 – – – – – – – – – 28.76 7.92 36.68 Ukraine – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 33.03 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 33.03 – 33.03 United Kingdom 0.18 – – – – – 1.63 – 1.26 – – – – 8.07 26.57 – – – – – – – – 1.25 0.12 – – – 0.40 – – 13.89 – 0.26 – – – – – – – 34.96 18.67 53.63 Africa Ghana – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.12 – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.12 – 0.12 Morocco – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.50 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.50 – 0.50 Tunisia – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1.25 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1.25 – 1.25 South Africa – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 3.04 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 3.04 – 3.04 Middle East Iran – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.35 – – 6.50 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 6.85 – 6.85 Israel – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2.10 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2.10 – 2.10 Jordan – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2.52 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2.52 – 2.52 Kuwait – – – – – – 0.33 – 0.09 – – – – – – – – – – – 0.09 – – – 0.33 0.29 – – 0.08 – 0.91 – 0.25 0.09 0.09 – – – – 0.24 – 0.00 2.78 2.78 Lebanon – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.15 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.15 – 0.15 Oman – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1.90 – – – – – – – – – 1.90 – 1.90 Syria – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.69 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.69 – 0.69 United Arab Emirates – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 17.41 – – – – – – – – – 17.25 0.16 17.41 Asia Pacific Australia – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 5.82 – – – 5.82 – 5.82 China – – – – – – 0.07 0.08 0.08 – – – – – – – – – – – 0.51 3.55 – – 0.08 0.08 – – 0.17 – – 1.61 0.08 0.70 5.21 – – – 2.45 1.68 – 3.55 12.80 16.35 China Hong Kong SAR – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 3.83 – – – – 3.83 – 3.83 India – – – – – – 0.66 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.09 0.17 – – 0.33 – – 10.53 – 0.37 – – – – – – – 0.00 12.15 12.15 Japan 0.85 – – – – – 0.15 – 0.08 – – – – – – – – – – – 8.23 – – 0.08 0.57 0.72 – – 0.84 – 3.80 10.15 6.86 0.16 17.66 7.78 – – 17.00 18.55 – 0.00 93.48 93.48 Malaysia – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2.94 – – 2.94 – 2.94 Singapore – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 6.95 1.45 – 8.40 – 8.40 South Korea 0.35 – – – – – 0.88 0.08 0.08 – – – – – 0.16 – – – – – 3.90 – – – 0.98 1.85 – – 1.18 – 6.11 10.16 0.25 2.27 1.33 1.05 – – 7.42 6.39 – 0.00 44.44 44.44 Taiwan – – – – – – 0.51 – – – – – – – 0.07 – – – – – 0.67 – – – 0.17 0.35 – – 1.09 – 0.50 3.75 0.42 – 1.06 – – – 2.62 3.68 – 0.00 14.90 14.90 Thailand – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 8.81 8.81 – 8.81 Pipeline exports 30.34 92.40 0.85 0.42 11.65 2.18 – – 3.08 3.54 1.53 14.76 0.14 53.33 95.88 1.15 0.66 15.65 6.45 11.95 186.45 19.73 13.56 36.48 5.46 – 9.41 3.04 0.12 8.42 – 19.15 – – – – 3.83 5.82 9.89 1.45 8.81 677.59 LNG exports 1.64 – – – – – 20.38 1.82 0.57 – – – – – 4.71 – – – – – 13.40 – – 19.31 9.71 5.16 0.34 – 23.90 – 11.49 75.75 7.90 5.48 25.36 8.83 – – 31.36 30.54 – 297.63 Total exports 31.98 92.40 0.85 0.42 11.65 2.18 20.38 1.82 3.65 3.54 1.53 14.76 0.14 53.33 100.59 1.15 0.66 15.65 6.45 11.95 199.85 19.73 13.56 55.79 15.17 5.16 9.75 3.04 24.02 8.42 11.49 94.90 7.90 5.48 25.36 8.83 3.83 5.82 41.25 31.99 8.81 677.59 297.63 975.22 Notes: Flows are on a contractual basis and may not correspond to physical gas flows in all cases. Includes re-exports from US and Belgium. Source: Cedigaz (provisional), GIIGNL (aggregated data) for all flows, except intra-CIS trade; CISStat. 0.0 LNG 0.0 pipeline 0.0 both LNG and pipeline 29 Major trade movements Trade flows worldwide (billion cubic metres) 92.4 20.9 9.4 9.8 6.5 5.5 16.6 55.9 113.9 44.1 8.8 7.0 5.4 6.2 20.1 4.1 16.0 36.5 21.0 18.8 10.9 17.3 17.7 43.3 5.2 14.9 6.3 Pipeline gas LNG 32.0 12.1 5.8 8.2 US Canada Mexico S. & Cent. America Europe & Eurasia Middle East Africa Asia Pacific Pipeline exports Pipeline imports North America Latin America Europe & Eurasia Middle East Africa Asia Pacific 0 500 350 200 50 450 300 150 400 250 100 Pipeline exports and imports Natural gas trade LNG exports LNG imports North America Latin America Europe & Eurasia Middle East Africa Asia Pacific 0 500 350 200 50 450 300 150 400 250 100 LNG exports and imports Natural gas trade grew by 10.1% in 2010, driven by strong growth (+22.6%) in LNG shipments. LNG exports are dominated by the Middle East region; Qatar (the world’s largest LNG supplier) saw its exports grow by 53.2%. LNG now accounts for 30.5% of global gas trade. Pipeline shipments grew by 5.4%, led by growth in Russia. Europe and Eurasia accounts for roughly two-thirds of global pipeline gas trade. 30 Coal Proved reserves at end 2010 Anthracite Sub- and bituminous Share Million tonnes bituminous and lignite Total of total R/P ratio US 108501 128794 237295 27.6% 241 Canada 3474 3108 6582 0.8% 97 Mexico 860 351 1211 0.1% 130 Total North America 112835 132253 245088 28.5% 231 Brazil – 4559 4559 0.5% * Colombia 6366 380 6746 0.8% 91 Venezuela 479 – 479 0.1% 120 Other S. & Cent. America 45 679 724 0.1% * Total S. & Cent. America 6890 5618 12508 1.5% 148 Bulgaria 2 2364 2366 0.3% 82 Czech Republic 192 908 1100 0.1% 22 Germany 99 40600 40699 4.7% 223 Greece – 3020 3020 0.4% 44 Hungary 13 1647 1660 0.2% 183 Kazakhstan 21500 12100 33600 3.9% 303 Poland 4338 1371 5709 0.7% 43 Romania 10 281 291 ◆ Russian Federation 49088 107922 157010 18.2% 495 Spain 200 330 530 0.1% 73 Turkey 529 1814 2343 0.3% 27 Ukraine 15351 18522 33873 3.9% 462 United Kingdom 228 – 228 ◆ 13 Other Europe & Eurasia 1440 20735 22175 2.6% 317 Total Europe & Eurasia 92990 211614 304604 35.4% 257 South Africa 30156 – 30156 3.5% 119 Zimbabwe 502 – 502 0.1% 301 Other Africa 860 174 1034 0.1% * Middle East 1203 – 1203 0.1% * Total Middle East & Africa 32721 174 32895 3.8% 127 Australia 37100 39300 76400 8.9% 180 China 62200 52300 114500 13.3% 35 India 56100 4500 60600 7.0% 106 Indonesia 1520 4009 5529 0.6% 18 Japan 340 10 350 ◆ 382 New Zealand 33 538 571 0.1% 107 North Korea 300 300 600 0.1% 16 Pakistan – 2070 2070 0.2% * South Korea – 126 126 ◆ 60 Thailand – 1239 1239 0.1% 69 Vietnam 150 – 150 ◆ Other Asia Pacific 1582 2125 3707 0.4% 114 Total Asia Pacific 159326 106517 265843 30.9% 57 TotalWorld 404762 456176 860938 100.0% 118 of which: OECD 155926 222603 378529 44.0% 184 Non-OECD 248836 233573 482409 56.0% 92 European Union 5101 51047 56148 6.5% 105 Former Soviet Union 86725 141309 228034 26.5% 452 * M ore than 500 years. Source of reserves data: Survey of Energy Resources, World Energy Council 2010. ◆ Less than 0.05%. Notes: Proved reserves of coal – Generally taken to be those quantities that geological and engineering information indicates with reasonable certainty can be recovered in the future from known deposits under existing economic and operating conditions. Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratio – If the reserves remaining at the end of the year are divided by the production in that year, the result is the length of time that those remaining reserves would last if production were to continue at that rate. 9 3 Prices Northwest US Central Japan coking Japan steam Europe Appalachian coal coal import coal import US dollars per tonne marker price† spot price index‡ cif price cif price 1990 43.48 31.59 60.54 50.81 1991 42.80 29.01 60.45 50.30 1992 38.53 28.53 57.82 48.45 1993 33.68 29.85 55.26 45.71 1994 37.18 31.72 51.77 43.66 1995 44.50 27.01 54.47 47.58 1996 41.25 29.86 56.68 49.54 1997 38.92 29.76 55.51 45.53 1998 32.00 31.00 50.76 40.51 1999 28.79 31.29 42.83 35.74 2000 35.99 29.90 39.69 34.58 2001 39.03 50.15 41.33 37.96 2002 31.65 33.20 42.01 36.90 2003 43.60 38.52 41.57 34.74 2004 72.08 64.90 60.96 51.34 2005 60.54 70.12 89.33 62.91 2006 64.11 62.96 93.46 63.04 2007 88.79 51.16 88.24 69.86 2008 147.67 118.79 179.03 122.81 2009 70.66 68.08 167.82 110.11 2010 92.50 71.63 158.95 105.19 † Source: McCloskey Coal Information Service. Prices for 1990-2000 are the average of the monthly marker, 2001-2010 the average of weekly prices. ‡ Source: Platts. Prices are for CAPP 12,500Btu, 1.2 SO2 coal, fob. Prices for 1990-2000 are by coal price publication date, 2001-2010 by coal price assessment date. Note: CAPP = Central Appalachian; cif = cost+insurance+freight (average prices); fob = free on board. 31 Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios Years 0 300 250 100 150 200 50 North America S. & Cent. America Europe & Eurasia Middle East & Africa Asia Pacific 2010 by region 0 700 600 500 300 400 100 200 90 95 00 05 10 World North America S. & Cent. America Europe & Eurasia Middle East & Africa Asia Pacific History World proved reserves of coal in 2010 were sufficient to meet 118 years of global production – by far the largest R/P ratio of any fossil fuel, but well below the 2000 R/P ratio of 210 years. Europe & Eurasia holds the largest regional coal reserves and has the highest regional R/P ratio. 28.5 35.41.5 3.8 30.9 29.7 6.3 2.2 35.8 26.1 2010 Total 860938 million tonnes 2000 Total 984211 million tonnes1990 Total 981780 million tonnes 22.8 41.41.4 6.4 27.9 Distribution of proved reserves in 1990, 2000 and 2010 Percentage Europe & Eurasia Asia Pacific North America Middle East & Africa S. & Cent. America Source: Survey of Energy Resources, World Energy Council. 32 Production* Change 20 2010 over sha Million tonnes oil equivalent 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2009 of total US 570.1 590.3 570.1 553.6 572.4 580.2 595.1 587.7 596.7 540.9 552.2 2.1% 14.8% Canada 36.1 36.6 34.2 31.7 33.8 33.5 33.9 36.0 35.6 32.5 34.9 7.2% 0.9% Mexico 5.4 5.3 5.3 4.6 4.7 5.2 5.5 6.0 5.5 5.1 4.5 -11.4% 0.1% Total North America 611.6 632.2 609.5 589.9 610.9 618.8 634.5 629.7 637.8 578.5 591.6 2.3% 15.9% Brazil 2.9 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.5 1.9 2.1 8.2% 0.1% Colombia 24.9 28.5 25.7 32.5 34.9 38.4 42.6 45.4 47.8 47.3 48.3 2.1% 1.3% Venezuela 5.8 5.6 5.9 5.1 5.9 5.3 5.4 5.6 4.5 2.7 2.9 8.1% 0.1% Other S. & Cent. America 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 -7.0% ◆ Total S. & Cent. America 33.9 36.8 33.9 39.9 43.0 46.3 50.8 53.6 55.2 52.4 53.8 2.6% 1.4% Bulgaria 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.1 4.2 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.8 5.8% 0.1% Czech Republic 25.0 25.4 24.3 24.2 23.5 23.5 23.7 23.3 21.1 19.5 19.4 -0.7% 0.5% France 2.3 1.5 1.1 1.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 † † – ◆ Germany 56.5 54.1 55.0 54.1 54.7 53.2 50.3 51.5 47.7 44.4 43.7 -1.5% 1.2% Greece 8.2 8.5 9.1 9.0 9.1 9.0 8.3 8.6 8.3 8.4 8.8 5.0% 0.2% Hungary 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.4 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.0% 0.1% Kazakhstan 38.5 40.7 37.8 43.3 44.4 44.2 49.1 50.0 56.8 51.5 56.2 9.2% 1.5% Poland 71.3 71.7 71.3 71.4 70.5 68.7 67.0 62.3 60.5 56.4 55.5 -1.6% 1.5% Romania 6.4 7.1 6.6 7.0 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.7 6.7 6.4 5.8 -9.2% 0.2% Russian Federation 116.0 122.6 117.3 127.1 131.7 139.2 145.1 148.0 153.4 142.1 148.8 4.7% 4.0% Spain 8.0 7.6 7.2 6.8 6.7 6.4 6.2 6.0 3.7 3.5 3.3 -6.3% 0.1% Turkey 13.9 14.2 11.5 10.5 10.5 12.8 13.4 15.8 17.2 17.4 17.4 ◆ 0.5% Ukraine 42.0 43.5 42.8 41.6 42.2 41.0 41.7 39.9 41.3 38.4 38.1 -0.8% 1.0% United Kingdom 19.0 19.4 18.2 17.2 15.3 12.5 11.3 10.3 11.0 10.9 11.0 1.6% 0.3% Other Europe & Eurasia 14.0 14.4 15.3 15.8 15.6 14.7 15.7 16.7 17.3 16.9 16.1 -4.3% 0.4% Total Europe & Eurasia 428.6 438.2 424.7 436.7 438.2 438.1 444.9 446.1 452.0 422.1 430.9 2.1% 11.5% Total Middle East 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 – ◆ South Africa 126.6 126.1 124.1 134.1 137.2 137.7 138.0 139.6 142.4 141.2 143.0 1.3% 3.8% Zimbabwe 2.8 2.9 2.5 1.8 2.4 2.2 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.1 – ◆ Other Africa 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 – ◆ Total Africa 130.6 130.1 127.9 137.4 140.8 141.0 140.3 141.8 144.2 143.1 144.9 1.3% 3.9% Australia 166.5 180.2 184.3 189.9 198.5 205.8 210.3 217.2 220.7 228.8 235.4 2.9% 6.3% China 762.5 809.5 853.8 1013.4 1174.1 1302.2 1406.4 1501.1 1557.1 1652.1 1800.4 9.0% 48.3% India 132.2 133.6 138.5 144.4 155.7 162.1 170.2 181.0 195.6 210.8 216.1 2.5% 5.8% Indonesia 47.4 56.9 63.5 70.3 81.4 93.9 119.2 133.4 147.8 157.6 188.1 19.4% 5.0% Japan 1.7 1.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 -28.4% ◆ New Zealand 2.2 2.4 2.7 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.3 16.8% 0.1% Pakistan 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.5 -5.2% ◆ South Korea 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.9 -17.3% ◆ Thailand 5.1 5.6 5.7 5.3 5.6 5.8 5.3 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.0 0.5% 0.1% Vietnam 6.5 7.5 9.2 10.8 14.7 18.3 21.8 22.4 23.0 25.2 24.7 -2.0% 0.7% Other Asia Pacific 19.6 20.1 19.6 20.6 22.4 24.7 25.1 23.3 24.3 29.2 33.4 14.5% 0.9% Total Asia Pacific 1147.1 1220.8 1281.0 1461.5 1659.2 1819.4 1965.6 2090.2 2180.1 2314.8 2509.4 8.4% 67.2% TotalWorld 2352.5 2458.9 2477.7 2666.1 2893.0 3064.4 3237.1 3362.4 3470.3 3511.8 3731.4 6.3% 100.0% of which: OECD 994.2 1027.6 1003.5 987.3 1012.0 1021.0 1036.6 1036.6 1039.3 978.2 996.0 1.8% 26.7% Non-OECD 1358.3 1431.3 1474.2 1678.8 1881.0 2043.4 2200.5 2325.8 2431.1 2533.7 2735.5 8.0% 73.3% European Union 206.6 205.1 202.5 200.7 195.8 188.1 181.5 177.4 167.7 157.7 156.0 -1.1% 4.2% Former Soviet Union 197.4 207.8 198.9 212.8 219.4 225.5 237.0 239.0 252.9 233.2 244.4 4.8% 6.5% *Co mmercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), and lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal. † Less than 0.05. ◆ Less than 0.05%. Note: Coal production data expressed in million tonnes is available at www.bp.com/statisticalreview. 10 re 33 Consumption* Change 2010 over Million tonnes oil equivalent 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2009 of total US 569.0 552.2 552.0 562.5 566.1 574.2 565.7 573.3 564.1 496.2 524.6 5.7% 14.8% Canada 31.8 34.0 31.6 33.4 29.9 31.7 31.0 32.3 28.9 23.3 23.4 0.4% 0.7% Mexico 6.2 6.8 7.6 8.6 7.0 9.1 9.4 9.1 6.9 8.6 8.4 -2.4% 0.2% Total North America 606.9 593.0 591.1 604.5 603.0 614.9 606.1 614.7 599.9 528.1 556.3 5.3% 15.6% Argentina 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.3 0.4 1.1 1.2 1.2 – ◆ Brazil 12.5 12.2 11.5 11.8 12.8 12.7 12.5 13.4 13.5 11.7 12.4 6.0% 0.3% Chile 3.0 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.6 3.2 3.8 4.1 3.7 3.7 1.0% 0.1% Colombia 2.7 2.7 2.2 2.4 2.0 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.8 3.7 3.8 2.1% 0.1% Ecuador – – – – – – – – – – – – – Peru 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 6.3% ◆ Trinidad & Tobago – – – – – – – – – – – – – Venezuela † † † † – † † † † † † -1.9% ◆ Other S. & Cent. America 0.6 0.7 1.0 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.1 1.9% 0.1% Total S. & Cent. America 20.1 19.0 18.0 19.6 20.5 21.2 21.0 22.6 24.2 22.9 23.8 3.9% 0.7% Austria 2.8 3.1 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.2 2.0 -10.5% 0.1% Azerbaijan – † † † † † † † † † † -7.8% ◆ Belarus 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 † † † † -23.0% ◆ Belgium & Luxembourg 7.6 7.6 6.7 6.5 6.4 6.1 6.1 5.5 4.8 4.6 4.9 6.2% 0.1% Bulgaria 6.3 6.9 6.5 7.1 6.9 6.9 7.1 7.8 7.5 6.3 6.6 4.8% 0.2% Czech Republic 21.0 21.2 20.6 20.8 20.5 19.8 19.4 19.3 17.4 16.2 16.0 -1.3% 0.5% Denmark 4.0 4.2 4.2 5.7 4.6 3.7 5.6 4.7 4.1 4.0 3.8 -4.9% 0.1% Finland 3.5 4.0 4.4 5.8 5.3 3.1 5.2 4.6 3.4 3.7 4.6 24.9% 0.1% France 13.9 12.1 12.4 13.3 12.8 13.3 12.1 12.3 11.9 9.9 12.1 23.2% 0.3% Germany 84.9 85.0 84.6 87.2 85.4 82.1 83.5 85.7 80.1 71.7 76.5 6.7% 2.2% Greece 9.2 9.3 9.8 9.4 9.0 8.8 8.1 8.5 8.1 8.1 8.5 4.6% 0.2% Hungary 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.4 3.1 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.6 6.0% 0.1% Republic of Ireland 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 3.8% ◆ Italy 13.0 13.7 14.2 15.3 17.1 17.0 17.2 17.2 16.7 13.1 13.7 5.0% 0.4% Kazakhstan 23.2 22.5 22.8 25.2 26.5 27.2 28.1 30.8 34.0 31.7 36.1 13.8% 1.0% Lithuania 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 19.6% ◆ Netherlands 8.6 8.5 8.9 9.1 9.1 8.7 8.5 9.0 8.5 7.9 7.9 -0.1% 0.2% Norway 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.5 32.0% ◆ Poland 57.6 58.0 56.7 57.7 57.3 55.7 58.0 57.9 56.0 51.9 54.0 3.9% 1.5% Portugal 4.5 3.7 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4% 0.1% Romania 7.0 7.2 7.6 7.8 7.4 7.6 8.5 7.4 7.4 6.6 6.2 -6.6% 0.2% Russian Federation 105.2 102.4 103.0 104.0 99.5 94.2 96.7 93.5 100.4 91.9 93.8 2.1% 2.6% Slovakia 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.5 2.7 -24.3% 0.1% Spain 21.6 19.5 21.9 20.5 21.0 21.2 18.5 20.2 15.6 10.5 8.3 -21.3% 0.2% Sweden 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.0 1.6 2.0 23.6% 0.1% Switzerland 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 5.7% ◆ Turkey 25.5 21.8 21.2 21.8 23.0 26.1 28.8 31.0 31.3 32.0 34.4 7.4% 1.0% Turkmenistan – – – – – – – – – – – – – Ukraine 38.8 39.4 38.3 39.0 39.1 37.5 39.8 39.7 40.3 35.0 36.4 4.2% 1.0% United Kingdom 36.7 38.9 35.7 38.1 36.6 37.4 40.9 38.4 35.6 29.6 31.2 5.2% 0.9% Uzbekistan 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 -3.3% ◆ Other Europe & Eurasia 17.4 16.6 18.8 19.7 20.2 18.0 15.8 16.0 16.8 15.2 15.7 3.1% 0.4% Total Europe & Eurasia 525.2 518.9 518.5 534.3 528.1 513.9 527.2 528.3 517.8 466.4 486.8 4.4% 13.7% Iran 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.0% ◆ Israel 6.2 7.2 7.6 7.9 8.0 7.9 7.8 8.0 7.9 7.7 7.7 ◆ 0.2% Kuwait – – – – – – – – – – – – – Qatar – – – – – – – – – – – – – Saudi Arabia – – – – – – – – – – – – – United Arab Emirates – – – – – – – – – – – – – Other Middle East – – – – – – – – – – – – – Total Middle East 7.3 8.3 8.7 9.0 9.0 9.1 9.1 9.3 8.7 8.8 8.8 0.1% 0.2% Algeria 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.3 6.1% ◆ Egypt 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.6 0.7 5.1% ◆ South Africa 74.6 73.4 75.9 81.4 85.4 82.9 84.0 85.1 84.7 87.7 88.7 1.1% 2.5% Other Africa 6.5 7.3 7.2 6.4 7.1 7.3 6.7 6.0 6.2 5.5 5.7 3.8% 0.2% Total Africa 82.9 82.6 85.4 90.0 94.7 92.1 92.6 93.1 92.7 94.1 95.3 1.3% 2.7% Australia 46.7 48.2 51.0 49.8 52.7 53.6 55.6 54.2 51.8 51.7 43.4 -16.1% 1.2% Bangladesh 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.5 6.0% ◆ China 737.1 751.9 794.9 936.3 1084.3 1218.7 1343.9 1438.4 1479.3 1556.8 1713.5 10.1% 48.2% China Hong Kong SAR 3.7 4.9 5.4 6.6 6.6 6.7 7.0 7.5 7.0 7.6 6.3 -16.3% 0.2% India 144.2 145.2 151.8 156.8 172.3 184.4 195.4 210.3 230.4 250.6 277.6 10.8% 7.8% Indonesia 13.7 16.8 18.0 24.2 22.2 25.4 30.1 37.8 30.1 34.6 39.4 13.7% 1.1% Japan 98.9 103.0 106.6 112.2 120.8 121.3 119.1 125.3 128.7 108.8 123.7 13.7% 3.5% Malaysia 1.9 2.6 3.6 4.2 5.7 6.3 7.3 7.1 5.0 4.0 3.4 -16.1% 0.1% New Zealand 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.2 1.6 2.0 1.6 1.0 -37.3% ◆ Pakistan 2.0 2.1 2.4 2.9 3.8 4.1 4.2 5.1 5.3 4.7 4.6 -2.3% 0.1% Philippines 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.7 5.0 5.7 5.5 5.9 7.0 6.7 7.7 15.8% 0.2% Singapore – – – – – – – – – – – – – South Korea 43.0 45.7 49.1 51.1 53.1 54.8 54.8 59.7 66.1 68.6 76.0 10.8% 2.1% Taiwan 28.7 30.6 32.7 35.1 36.6 38.1 39.6 41.8 40.2 38.7 40.3 4.0% 1.1% Thailand 7.8 8.8 9.2 9.4 10.4 11.2 12.4 14.1 15.3 14.5 14.8 2.6% 0.4% Vietnam 4.7 5.0 5.3 5.5 8.2 8.0 9.5 10.1 10.0 14.0 13.7 -2.0% 0.4% Other Asia Pacific 18.9 19.5 18.6 18.9 19.2 20.7 21.4 18.0 19.7 22.1 18.9 -14.5% 0.5% Total Asia Pacific 1157.1 1190.7 1254.9 1419.9 1603.1 1761.6 1908.6 2037.5 2098.4 2185.3 2384.7 9.1% 67.1% TotalWorld 2399.7 2412.4 2476.7 2677.3 2858.4 3012.9 3164.5 3305.6 3341.7 3305.6 3555.8 7.6% 100.0% of which: OECD 1133.6 1124.9 1130.7 1161.4 1170.5 1179.7 1179.8 1200.2 1171.5 1049.5 1103.6 5.2% 31.0% Non-OECD 1266.1 1287.5 1345.9 1515.9 1687.9 1833.2 1984.7 2105.4 2170.2 2256.1 2452.2 8.7% 69.0% European Union 314.9 315.7 314.0 324.3 319.1 310.4 317.7 316.7 294.4 259.9 269.7 3.8% 7.6% Former Soviet Union 169.1 166.1 166.0 170.3 167.6 161.1 166.8 166.4 177.2 161.1 169.1 5.0% 4.8% * C ommercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), and lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal. † Less than 0.05. ◆ Less than 0.05%. 2010 share 34 Production by region Million tonnes oil equivalent 0 4000 3500 2500 3000 1500 1000 500 2000 85 90 95 00 05 10 Asia Pacific Africa Middle East Europe & Eurasia S. & Cent. America North America Consumption by region Million tonnes oil equivalent 0 4000 3500 2500 3000 1500 1000 500 2000 85 90 95 00 05 10 Asia Pacific Africa Middle East Europe & Eurasia S. & Cent. America North America World coal production grew by 6.3% in 2010, above the historical average. The Asia Pacific region accounted for 88.6% of global growth, led by a 9% increase in China – the world’s largest producer and consumer of coal. Global coal consumption grew by 7.6% in 2010, with Asia Pacific countries accounting for 79.7% of the increase. Consumption growth was above average in all regions except the Middle East and Africa. Consumption per capita 2010 Tonnes oil equivalent 0-0.25 0.25-0.5 0.5-1.0 1.0-1.5 > 1.5 35 Nuclear energy Consumption* Change 2010 over Million tonnes oil equivalent 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2009 of total US 179.6 183.1 185.8 181.9 187.8 186.3 187.5 192.1 192.0 190.3 192.2 1.0% 30.7% Canada 16.4 17.2 17.0 16.8 20.3 20.7 22.0 21.0 21.1 20.2 20.3 0.3% 3.2% Mexico 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.4 1.3 -44.0% 0.2% Total North America 197.8 202.3 205.0 201.1 210.2 209.4 212.0 215.4 215.4 212.9 213.8 0.4% 34.2% Argentina 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.6 -11.8% 0.3% Brazil 1.4 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.6 2.2 3.1 2.8 3.2 2.9 3.3 12.0% 0.5% Chile – – – – – – – – – – – – – Colombia – – – – – – – – – – – – – Ecuador – – – – – – – – – – – – – Peru – – – – – – – – – – – – – Trinidad & Tobago – – – – – – – – – – – – – Venezuela – – – – – – – – – – – – – Other S. & Cent. America – – – – – – – – – – – – – Total S. & Cent. America 2.8 4.8 4.4 4.7 4.4 3.8 4.8 4.4 4.8 4.7 4.9 2.9% 0.8% Austria – – – – – – – – – – – – – Azerbaijan – – – – – – – – – – – – – Belarus – – – – – – – – – – – – – Belgium & Luxembourg 10.9 10.5 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.8 10.6 10.9 10.3 10.7 10.9 2.0% 1.7% Bulgaria 4.1 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.4 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.5 0.2% 0.6% Czech Republic 3.1 3.3 4.2 5.9 6.0 5.6 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.2 6.3 2.9% 1.0% Denmark – – – – – – – – – – – – – Finland 5.1 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.2 -2.8% 0.8% France 94.0 95.3 98.8 99.8 101.7 102.4 102.1 99.7 99.6 92.8 96.9 4.4% 15.5% Germany 38.4 38.8 37.3 37.4 37.8 36.9 37.9 31.8 33.7 30.5 31.8 4.2% 5.1% Greece – – – – – – – – – – – – – Hungary 3.2 3.2 3.2 2.5 2.7 3.1 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 2.1% 0.6% Republic of Ireland – – – – – – – – – – – – – Italy – – – – – – – – – – – – – Kazakhstan – – – – – – – – – – – – – Lithuania 1.9 2.6 3.2 3.5 3.4 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.5 – -100.0% – Netherlands 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 -6.1% 0.1% Norway – – – – – – – – – – – – – Poland – – – – – – – – – – – – – Portugal – – – – – – – – – – – – – Romania 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.7 2.5 2.7 2.6 -1.1% 0.4% Russian Federation 29.5 31.0 32.1 33.6 32.7 33.4 35.4 36.2 36.9 37.0 38.5 4.1% 6.2% Slovakia 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.1 3.5 3.8 3.2 3.3 3.5% 0.5% Spain 14.1 14.4 14.3 14.0 14.4 13.0 13.6 12.5 13.3 11.9 13.9 16.8% 2.2% Sweden 13.0 16.3 15.4 15.3 17.3 16.4 15.2 15.2 14.5 11.9 13.2 11.2% 2.1% Switzerland 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.1 5.2 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.0 -3.5% 1.0% Turkey – – – – – – – – – – – – – Turkmenistan – – – – – – – – – – – – – Ukraine 17.5 17.2 17.7 18.4 19.7 20.1 20.4 20.9 20.3 18.8 20.2 7.5% 3.2% United Kingdom 19.3 20.4 19.9 20.1 18.1 18.5 17.1 14.3 11.9 15.6 14.1 -10.1% 2.2% Uzbekistan – – – – – – – – – – – – – Other Europe & Eurasia 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.8 -1.0% 0.3% Total Europe & Eurasia 267.4 276.3 280.8 285.0 288.2 285.5 287.2 276.1 276.7 265.1 272.8 2.9% 43.6% Iran – – – – – – – – – – – – – Israel – – – – – – – – – – – – – Kuwait – – – – – – – – – – – – – Qatar – – – – – – – – – – – – – Saudi Arabia – – – – – – – – – – – – – United Arab Emirates – – – – – – – – – – – – – Other Middle East – – – – – – – – – – – – – Total Middle East – – – – – – – – – – – – – Algeria – – – – – – – – – – – – – Egypt – – – – – – – – – – – – – South Africa 3.1 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.4 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.1 -1.5% 0.5% Other Africa – – – – – – – – – – – – – Total Africa 3.1 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.4 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.1 -1.5% 0.5% Australia – – – – – – – – – – – – – Bangladesh – – – – – – – – – – – – – China 3.8 4.0 5.7 9.8 11.4 12.0 12.4 14.1 15.5 15.9 16.7 5.3% 2.7% China Hong Kong SAR – – – – – – – – – – – – – India 3.6 4.3 4.4 4.1 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.4 3.8 5.2 37.3% 0.8% Indonesia – – – – – – – – – – – – – Japan 72.3 72.7 71.3 52.1 64.7 66.3 69.0 63.1 57.0 65.0 66.2 1.7% 10.6% Malaysia – – – – – – – – – – – – – New Zealand – – – – – – – – – – – – – Pakistan 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.6 -2.0% 0.1% Philippines – – – – – – – – – – – – – Singapore – – – – – – – – – – – – – South Korea 24.7 25.4 27.0 29.3 29.6 33.2 33.7 32.3 34.2 33.4 33.4 ◆ 5.3% Taiwan 8.7 8.0 8.9 8.8 8.9 9.0 9.0 9.2 9.2 9.4 9.4 0.1% 1.5% Thailand – – – – – – – – – – – – – Vietnam – – – – – – – – – – – – – Other Asia Pacific – – – – – – – – – – – – – Total Asia Pacific 113.3 114.8 117.7 104.6 119.0 125.2 128.7 123.3 119.7 128.2 131.6 2.7% 21.0% TotalWorld 584.3 600.7 610.8 598.5 625.2 626.8 635.4 622.1 619.2 614.0 626.2 2.0% 100.0% of which: OECD 507.4 519.7 524.8 506.0 530.7 532.5 537.7 522.0 517.0 511.5 520.9 1.8% 83.2% Non-OECD 76.9 81.0 86.0 92.6 94.6 94.3 97.6 100.1 102.2 102.5 105.3 2.7% 16.8% European Union 213.9 221.6 224.5 226.3 229.2 226.1 224.5 212.1 212.6 202.5 207.5 2.5% 33.1% Former Soviet Union 49.4 51.2 53.4 56.0 56.4 56.4 58.4 60.0 60.0 58.8 59.3 0.8% 9.5% generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Converted on the basis of thermal equivalence assuming 38% conversion efficiency in a modern thermal power station. %. energy data expressed in terawatt-hours is available at www.bp.com/statisticalreview. 2010 share *Ba sed on gross ◆ Less than 0.05 Note: Nuclear 36 Hydroelectricity Consumption* Change 20 2010 over sh Million tonnes oil equivalent 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2009 of total US 63.0 49.6 60.4 63.0 61.3 61.8 66.1 56.6 58.2 62.5 58.8 -6.0% 7.6% Canada 80.8 75.0 79.1 76.1 76.6 82.1 80.2 83.6 85.3 83.6 82.9 -0.8% 10.7% Mexico 7.5 6.4 5.6 4.5 5.7 6.2 6.9 6.1 8.8 6.0 8.3 38.9% 1.1% Total North America 151.2 131.1 145.1 143.6 143.6 150.1 153.2 146.3 152.3 152.1 149.9 -1.4% 19.3% Argentina 6.5 8.4 8.1 7.7 6.9 7.9 9.8 8.5 8.4 9.2 9.2 -0.2% 1.2% Brazil 68.9 60.6 64.7 69.2 72.6 76.4 78.9 84.6 83.6 88.5 89.6 1.3% 11.6% Chile 4.3 4.9 5.2 5.2 4.9 6.0 6.6 5.2 5.4 5.6 4.9 -13.0% 0.6% Colombia 6.9 7.1 7.6 8.1 9.0 9.0 9.7 9.5 10.4 9.3 9.1 -1.6% 1.2% Ecuador 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.6 2.1 2.0 -6.4% 0.3% Peru 3.7 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.4 -1.9% 0.6% Trinidad & Tobago – – – – – – – – – – – – – Venezuela 14.2 13.7 13.5 13.7 15.9 17.5 18.5 18.8 19.6 19.5 17.4 -10.7% 2.2% Other S. & Cent. America 18.3 16.9 17.8 18.1 17.8 18.3 18.5 19.3 19.4 19.2 20.7 7.3% 2.7% Total S. & Cent. America 124.6 117.2 122.8 127.8 132.7 140.6 148.0 152.4 153.9 157.9 157.2 -0.4% 20.3% Austria 9.5 9.5 9.0 8.1 7.7 7.7 7.2 7.7 7.9 8.2 7.8 -3.8% 1.0% Azerbaijan 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 49.3% 0.1% Belarus † † † † † † † † † † † – ◆ Belgium & Luxembourg 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 21.0% ◆ Bulgaria 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.3 59.4% 0.2% Czech Republic 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.8 14.0% 0.1% Denmark † † † † † † † † † † † 10.5% ◆ Finland 3.3 3.1 2.4 2.1 3.4 3.1 2.6 3.2 3.9 2.9 3.2 10.6% 0.4% France 15.3 17.0 13.9 13.5 13.5 11.8 12.7 13.2 13.7 13.1 14.3 9.7% 1.8% Germany 4.9 5.3 5.4 4.3 4.7 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.2 4.3 2.8% 0.6% Greece 0.9 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.7 29.0% 0.2% Hungary † † † † † † † † † 0.1 † -34.7% ◆ Republic of Ireland 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 -39.1% ◆ Italy 10.0 10.6 8.9 8.3 9.6 8.2 8.4 7.4 9.4 11.1 11.2 0.7% 1.4% Kazakhstan 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 -5.0% 0.2% Lithuania 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 12.9% ◆ Netherlands † † † † † † † † † † † 7.1% ◆ Norway 32.2 27.4 29.4 24.0 24.7 30.9 27.1 30.6 31.8 28.8 26.7 -7.2% 3.4% Poland 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 17.1% 0.1% Portugal 2.7 3.3 1.9 3.6 2.3 1.2 2.6 2.3 1.7 2.0 3.8 88.2% 0.5% Romania 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.0 3.7 4.6 4.2 3.6 3.9 3.6 4.6 27.4% 0.6% Russian Federation 37.4 39.8 37.1 35.7 40.2 39.5 39.6 40.5 37.7 39.9 38.1 -4.4% 4.9% Slovakia 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 22.3% 0.2% Spain 7.7 9.3 5.2 9.3 7.2 4.0 5.8 6.2 5.3 6.0 9.6 60.9% 1.2% Sweden 17.8 17.9 15.0 12.1 13.7 16.5 14.0 15.0 15.7 14.9 15.1 1.5% 2.0% Switzerland 8.3 9.4 8.0 7.9 7.6 7.1 7.0 8.0 8.2 8.1 8.2 0.9% 1.1% Turkey 7.0 5.4 7.6 8.0 10.4 9.0 10.0 8.1 7.5 8.1 11.7 44.3% 1.5% Turkmenistan – – – – – – – – – – – – – Ukraine 2.6 2.8 2.2 2.1 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.9 10.2% 0.4% United Kingdom 1.2 0.9 1.1 0.7 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.8 -32.4% 0.1% Uzbekistan 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 2.6 2.6 2.5 -1.5% 0.3% Other Europe & Eurasia 17.4 16.9 16.7 17.7 18.8 19.0 18.3 17.3 18.1 19.6 22.3 13.5% 2.9% Total Europe & Eurasia 188.6 189.2 176.2 169.0 180.3 180.1 176.9 179.3 182.1 184.0 195.9 6.4% 25.3% Iran 0.9 0.9 1.8 2.2 2.7 3.0 4.2 4.1 1.7 1.5 2.2 47.2% 0.3% Israel – – – – – – – – – – – – – Kuwait – – – – – – – – – – – – – Qatar – – – – – – – – – – – – – Saudi Arabia – – – – – – – – – – – – – United Arab Emirates – – – – – – – – – – – – – Other Middle East 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.9 26.2% 0.1% Total Middle East 1.8 1.9 2.9 3.2 4.0 4.1 5.4 5.1 2.6 2.1 3.0 40.5% 0.4% Algeria † † † 0.1 0.1 0.1 † 0.1 0.1 0.1 † -49.4% ◆ Egypt 3.2 3.3 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.5 3.3 2.9 3.2 10.0% 0.4% South Africa 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.3 17.7% ◆ Other Africa 12.9 13.5 14.6 14.8 16.0 16.6 16.9 17.1 17.5 18.9 19.6 3.7% 2.5% Total Africa 16.4 17.3 18.3 18.0 19.1 19.8 20.1 21.2 21.1 22.2 23.2 4.5% 3.0% Australia 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.3 2.7 2.6 3.4 29.8% 0.4% Bangladesh 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.7% ◆ China 50.3 62.8 65.2 64.2 80.0 89.8 98.6 109.8 132.4 139.3 163.1 17.1% 21.0% China Hong Kong SAR – – – – – – – – – – – – – India 17.4 16.3 15.5 15.7 19.0 22.0 25.4 27.7 26.0 24.0 25.2 4.9% 3.2% Indonesia 2.3 2.6 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 0.5% 0.3% Japan 18.5 18.6 18.9 21.1 21.1 17.9 20.4 17.5 17.5 16.5 19.3 17.0% 2.5% Malaysia 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.1 8.0% 0.3% New Zealand 5.5 4.9 5.6 5.3 6.1 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.5 5.5 1.1% 0.7% Pakistan 4.0 4.1 4.6 5.8 5.5 6.9 6.8 7.1 6.1 6.4 6.4 0.3% 0.8% Philippines 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.2 1.9 2.2 2.2 1.8 -20.3% 0.2% Singapore – – – – – – – – – – – – – South Korea 0.9 0.5 0.7 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.8 32.9% 0.1% Taiwan 1.0 1.1 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 11.9% 0.1% Thailand 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.2 -24.8% 0.2% Vietnam 3.3 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.3 3.7 4.5 5.1 5.9 6.8 6.3 -7.5% 0.8% Other Asia Pacific 4.9 5.0 4.9 5.4 5.5 5.9 6.3 6.4 6.8 6.8 7.4 8.3% 0.9% Total Asia Pacific 116.7 128.4 130.8 134.3 153.7 163.9 180.8 192.2 212.9 218.0 246.4 13.0% 31.8% TotalWorld 599.4 585.1 596.2 595.9 633.3 658.6 684.4 696.5 724.7 736.3 775.6 5.3% 100.0% of which: OECD 310.1 288.5 293.3 287.8 292.7 295.2 299.4 292.0 301.6 299.4 309.5 3.4% 39.9% Non-OECD 289.2 296.6 302.8 308.1 340.7 363.4 385.0 404.5 423.1 436.9 466.1 6.7% 60.1% European Union 81.8 85.7 72.4 70.7 73.4 69.5 69.6 70.0 73.1 74.1 83.0 12.1% 10.7% Former Soviet Union 52.1 54.2 52.0 51.3 56.3 55.9 55.6 56.4 54.1 56.2 55.9 -0.5% 7.2% *B ased on gross primary hydroelectric generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Converted on the basis of thermal equivalence assuming 38% conversion efficiency in a modern thermal power station. †Less than 0.05. ◆ Less than 0.05%. Note: Hydroelectricity data expressed in terawatt-hours is available at www.bp.com/statisticalreview. 10 are 37 Nuclear energy consumption by region Million tonnes oil equivalent 0 700 600 400 500 200 100 300 85 90 95 00 05 10 Rest of World Asia Pacific Europe & Eurasia North America Hydroelectricity consumption by region Million tonnes oil equivalent 0 800 700 500 600 300 200 100 400 85 90 95 00 05 10 Asia Pacific Africa Middle East Europe & Eurasia S. & Cent. America North America World nuclear power generation grew by 2% in 2010. Nearly two-thirds of the growth was in Europe and Eurasia, with France recording the world’s largest incremental growth. Global hydroelectric output rose by 5.3%, double the historical average; Asia Pacific countries accounted for 72.1% of global growth. Other renewables consumption by region Million tonnes oil equivalent 0 180 160 120 140 60 80 40 20 100 90 94 00 02 06 0892 96 98 04 10 Asia Pacific Africa Middle East Europe & Eurasia S. & Cent. America North America Other renewables share of power generation by region Percentage 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 090 94 98 0292 96 00 06 0804 10 World Asia Pacific Africa Middle East Europe & Eurasia S. & Cent. America North America Renewable energy in power generation grew by 15.5% in 2010 and accounted for 1.3% of global primary energy consumption. Growth remains concentrated in the leading consuming centres: Europe and Eurasia, Asia Pacific, and North America. Renewable forms of energy account for 3.3% of global power generation, with the highest share (5.8%) in Europe and Eurasia. 38 Renewable energy Other renewables consumption* Change 20 2010 over sh Million tonnes oil equivalent 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2009 of total US 17.7 16.8 18.7 18.8 19.6 20.6 22.7 24.7 29.5 33.6 39.1 16.3% 24.7% Canada 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.8 3.3 3.3 0.7% 2.1% Mexico 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 -2.6% 1.1% Total North America 21.1 20.2 22.2 22.6 23.5 24.9 27.0 29.3 34.1 38.7 44.2 14.1% 27.9% Argentina 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 7.7% 0.3% Brazil 2.5 2.8 3.1 3.5 3.7 4.2 4.3 5.0 5.5 6.2 7.9 26.6% 5.0% Chile 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 11.0% 0.5% Colombia 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 1.2% 0.1% Ecuador – – – – † † † † † † 0.1 8.8% ◆ Peru † † † † † 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2.4% 0.1% Trinidad & Tobago † † † † † † † † † † † 25.0% ◆ Venezuela – – – – – – – – – – – – – Other S. & Cent. America 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.7 4.2% 1.1% Total S. & Cent. America 3.9 4.5 5.0 5.4 5.7 6.2 6.4 7.6 8.5 9.3 11.1 19.8% 7.0% Austria 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3% 0.9% Azerbaijan – – – – – – – – – † † -76.2% ◆ Belarus – – – – † † † † † † † – ◆ Belgium & Luxembourg 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 14.7% 0.9% Bulgaria † – – – † † † † † 0.1 0.2 204.4% 0.1% Czech Republic 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 16.9% 0.4% Denmark 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.8 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.5 11.5% 1.6% Finland 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.0 2.2 9.5% 1.4% France 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.9 2.3 2.8 3.4 21.4% 2.1% Germany 2.8 3.6 5.0 6.2 8.2 9.6 11.6 15.0 16.5 16.9 18.6 10.0% 11.7% Greece 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 2.5% 0.4% Hungary † † † † 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 13.3% 0.4% Republic of Ireland 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 -4.0% 0.4% Italy 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.6 2.9 3.1 3.5 3.8 4.1 4.6 5.6 22.3% 3.5% Kazakhstan – – – – – – – – – – – – – Lithuania – † † † † † † † † 0.1 0.1 35.4% ◆ Netherlands 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.6 1.7 1.6 2.8 2.3 2.2 -1.4% 1.4% Norway 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 -0.7% 0.2% Poland 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.4 1.9 32.4% 1.2% Portugal 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.3 2.8 21.3% 1.7% Romania – – † † † † † † † † 0.1 689.5% ◆ Russian Federation † † † 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1% 0.1% Slovakia † † † † † † † 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 8.3% 0.1% Spain 1.5 2.0 2.9 3.6 4.4 5.6 6.2 7.4 9.1 10.9 12.4 13.6% 7.8% Sweden 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.3 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.7 3.0 3.4 4.3 26.7% 2.7% Switzerland 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 3.1% 0.2% Turkey 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.0 88.1% 0.6% Turkmenistan – – – – – – – – – – – – – Ukraine † † † † † † † † † † † – ◆ United Kingdom 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.2 2.8 3.2 3.5 3.9 4.7 4.9 4.5% 3.1% Uzbekistan – – – – – – – – – – – – – Other Europe & Eurasia 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.5 1.2 -21.5% 0.8% Total Europe & Eurasia 14.8 16.8 20.5 24.0 30.1 35.3 40.9 48.4 56.0 61.6 69.6 12.9% 43.9% Iran – – – – † † † † † † 0.1 5.0% ◆ Israel – † † † † † † † † † † – ◆ Kuwait – – – – – – – – – – – – – Qatar – – – – – – – – – – – – – Saudi Arabia – – – – – – – – – – – – – United Arab Emirates – – – – – – – – – † † 118.2% ◆ Other Middle East † † † † † † † † † † † 17.0% ◆ Total Middle East † † † † † † † † † 0.1 0.1 8.1% ◆ Algeria – – – – – – – – – – – – – Egypt † † † 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 38.0% 0.2% South Africa 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2.7% ◆ Other Africa 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 16.6% 0.4% Total Africa 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 21.1% 0.7% Australia 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.5 11.5% 0.9% Bangladesh – – – – – – – – – – – – – China 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.8 3.5 6.9 12.1 74.5% 7.6% China Hong Kong SAR – – – – – – † † † † † – ◆ India 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.6 1.8 2.6 3.0 3.5 4.6 5.0 9.2% 3.2% Indonesia 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.9 2.1 2.1 0.1% 1.3% Japan 4.2 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.3 6.3 6.4 6.7 6.6 5.4 5.1 -4.5% 3.2% Malaysia – † † † † † † † † † † 28.7% ◆ New Zealand 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.8 17.2% 1.2% Pakistan – – – – – – – – – – – – – Philippines 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3 -3.7% 1.4% Singapore – – – – – – – – – – – – – South Korea 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 13.6% 0.3% Taiwan 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 6.0% 0.6% Thailand 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 ◆ 0.7% Vietnam – – – – – – – – – – – – – Other Asia Pacific † † † † † † † † † † † 7.6% ◆ Total Asia Pacific 11.2 11.7 12.4 13.1 14.6 16.0 17.8 19.7 22.9 26.7 32.6 21.7% 20.5% TotalWorld 51.2 53.6 60.4 65.5 74.5 83.1 92.6 105.7 122.3 137.4 158.6 15.5% 100.0% of which: OECD 41.4 43.0 49.1 53.2 60.7 68.4 76.3 87.1 100.1 109.5 123.0 12.4% 77.5% Non-OECD 9.8 10.6 11.3 12.3 13.8 14.6 16.3 18.6 22.2 27.9 35.6 27.7% 22.5% European Union 14.1 16.1 19.7 23.2 29.2 34.3 39.5 46.7 54.0 59.3 66.9 12.7% 42.1% Former Soviet Union † † 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 13.3% 0.2% * B ased on gross generation from renewable sources including wind, geothermal, solar, biomass and waste, and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Converted on the basis of thermal equivalence assuming 38% conversion efficiency in a modern thermal power station. †Less than 0.05. ◆ Less than 0.05%. Note: Other renewables data expressed in terrawatt-hours is available at www.bp.com/statisticalreview. 10 are 39 Biofuels production Change 2010 over Thousand tonnes oil equivalent 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2009 of total US 2991 3288 3987 5226 6357 7478 9746 13456 19096 21670 25351 17.0% 42.8% Canada 105 111 113 113 113 133 160 461 536 721 996 38.1% 1.7% Total North America 3096 3399 4100 5339 6470 7612 9906 13922 19637 22399 26355 17.7% 44.5% Argentina 4 9 9 9 9 9 29 228 632 1054 1687 60.0% 2.8% Brazil 5212 5600 6149 7068 7135 7835 8729 11323 14132 13962 15573 11.5% 26.3% Colombia – – – – – 14 131 141 239 326 351 7.8% 0.6% Jamaica – – 54 74 56 62 147 138 182 196 196 – 0.3% Other S. & Cent. America 31 30 69 78 93 171 369 472 741 457 457 – 0.8% Total S. & Cent. America 5248 5639 6281 7228 7292 8091 9405 12302 15927 15994 18264 14.2% 30.8% Austria 18 18 22 26 48 70 105 220 263 354 383 8.3% 0.6% Belgium – – – – – 1 21 140 278 473 454 -4.0% 0.8% France 315 315 337 368 385 439 798 1121 2012 2312 2312 – 3.9% Germany 215 298 473 688 909 1788 2561 3181 2727 2728 2930 7.4% 4.9% Italy 70 123 180 232 272 340 482 443 617 758 670 -11.5% 1.1% Netherlands – – – – 6 3 22 80 77 241 283 17.6% 0.5% Poland – – – 27 23 84 158 116 279 393 338 -14.0% 0.6% Portugal – – – – – 1 79 153 136 202 275 36.3% 0.5% Spain 70 70 134 184 221 288 248 320 356 958 1179 23.1% 2.0% Sweden – 14 31 32 43 48 54 99 118 173 212 22.8% 0.4% United Kindgom – – 3 9 9 39 166 136 196 180 180 – 0.3% Other Europe & Eurasia 57 113 126 138 166 301 406 536 1031 1825 2135 17.0% 3.6% Total Europe & Eurasia 744 951 1305 1704 2081 3401 5103 6546 8091 10597 11354 7.1% 19.2% Total Middle East – – – – – – – – – – – – – Total Africa 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 14 14 – ◆ Australia – – – – 4 20 54 70 110 174 246 41.8% 0.4% China – 4 146 396 492 622 858 1076 1323 1399 1399 – 2.4% India 82 85 91 94 99 114 134 92 148 82 151 84.5% 0.3% Malaysia – – – – – – 48 110 197 250 97 -61.2% 0.2% South Korea – – 1 2 4 9 39 74 140 217 287 31.9% 0.5% Thailand – – – – 3 52 80 138 495 618 647 4.6% 1.1% Other Asia Pacific – – – – – 18 109 176 215 353 448 26.7% 0.8% Total Asia Pacific 82 89 238 491 603 833 1323 1736 2628 3094 3275 5.9% 5.5% TotalWorld 9176 10084 11930 14767 16452 19944 25743 34512 46294 52098 59261 13.8% 100.0% of which: OECD 3841 4350 5406 7045 8549 11013 15054 20494 27728 32569 37130 14.0% 62.7% Non-OECD 5336 5734 6523 7723 7903 8930 10688 14018 18566 19528 22131 13.3% 37.3% European Union 744 951 1305 1704 2073 3378 5052 6469 7944 9970 10447 4.8% 17.6% Former Soviet Union – – – – 11 22 28 49 129 645 913 41.5% 1.5% ◆ Less than 0.05%. Source: Includes data from F.O. Licht; US Energy Information Administration. Note: Consumption of fuel ethanol and biodiesel is included in oil consumption. 2010 share 0 30 20 10 North America S. & Cent. America Europe & Eurasia Rest of World Ethanol 2000 Ethanol 2010 Biodiesel 2000 Biodiesel 2010 0 60 40 20 00 02 04 06 08 10 Rest of World Europe & Eurasia S. & Cent. America North America World biofuels production Million tonnes oil equivalent World biofuels production grew by 13.8% in 2010; biofuels accounted for 0.5% of global primary energy consumption. Growth was driven by North America (+17.7%) and South and Central America (+14.2%); these two regions accounted for three-quarters of global biofuels production. Ethanol accounts for nearly three-quarters of global biofuels production, and is dominant in North America and South and Central America; biodiesel is dominant in Europe and Eurasia. 40 Primary energy Consumption* Change 2010 2010 over share Million tonnes oil equivalent 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2009 of total US 2313.7 2259.7 2295.5 2302.3 2348.8 2351.2 2332.7 2372.7 2320.2 2204.1 2285.7 3.7% 19.0% Canada 302.3 298.2 303.1 312.3 315.2 325.3 323.6 329.0 326.6 312.5 316.7 1.3% 2.6% Mexico 141.2 140.7 140.3 147.1 153.0 159.0 164.9 168.2 171.2 167.1 169.1 1.2% 1.4% Total North America 2757.2 2698.5 2738.9 2761.8 2817.1 2835.4 2821.2 2870.0 2818.0 2683.7 2771.5 3.3% 23.1% Argentina 59.3 58.6 55.3 59.8 63.1 67.6 71.3 74.6 77.5 75.1 77.1 2.6% 0.6% Brazil 185.2 182.9 187.1 192.5 199.9 207.2 212.7 225.4 235.1 234.1 253.9 8.5% 2.1% Chile 24.2 24.8 25.1 25.4 27.0 28.3 29.4 29.9 29.3 28.5 28.4 -0.4% 0.2% Colombia 25.8 25.3 25.2 25.8 26.8 28.3 29.6 29.3 30.8 31.5 32.2 2.2% 0.3% Ecuador 7.8 7.8 7.8 8.0 8.3 9.5 10.5 11.5 12.4 12.6 13.0 2.8% 0.1% Peru 11.9 11.7 11.9 11.7 12.6 13.1 13.4 14.6 15.9 16.3 18.3 12.2% 0.2% Trinidad & Tobago 11.4 11.9 13.1 14.6 13.9 15.8 20.6 20.6 21.9 20.8 22.0 5.4% 0.2% Venezuela 65.2 69.2 69.4 61.4 68.6 71.3 77.3 77.0 80.9 80.6 80.3 -0.4% 0.7% Other S. & Cent. America 73.7 75.7 77.1 80.2 80.2 81.3 83.4 86.7 86.0 85.4 86.8 1.6% 0.7% Total S. & Cent. America 464.4 467.8 472.0 479.4 500.2 522.3 548.1 569.6 589.9 585.0 611.9 4.6% 5.1% Austria 31.8 33.5 33.2 34.6 34.0 34.8 34.1 33.4 34.1 33.1 33.3 0.7% 0.3% Azerbaijan 11.4 11.1 10.9 11.8 12.7 13.8 13.6 12.2 12.3 10.7 10.0 -6.9% 0.1% Belarus 21.2 21.5 21.7 21.5 23.7 23.7 25.2 24.3 25.5 23.9 24.4 2.0% 0.2% Belgium & Luxembourg 66.8 64.5 65.4 69.0 70.4 70.6 70.4 70.3 72.5 65.7 69.8 6.1% 0.6% Bulgaria 17.9 18.5 18.4 19.8 19.2 19.9 20.7 19.8 20.1 18.3 18.0 -1.8% 0.2% Czech Republic 40.1 41.6 41.6 43.7 44.9 44.8 44.4 43.6 42.0 40.6 41.3 1.7% 0.3% Denmark 20.1 20.0 19.9 21.4 20.5 19.8 21.9 20.9 20.1 18.8 19.5 3.8% 0.2% Finland 28.0 28.3 28.8 31.0 30.9 28.4 30.0 29.8 29.2 27.1 29.1 7.6% 0.2% France 254.2 258.4 255.4 259.3 263.6 261.2 259.2 256.7 257.8 244.0 252.4 3.4% 2.1% Germany 332.3 338.8 334.0 337.1 337.3 333.2 339.5 324.2 326.8 307.4 319.5 3.9% 2.7% Greece 32.0 32.1 33.0 32.7 34.3 34.0 35.0 34.9 34.7 33.3 32.5 -2.3% 0.3% Hungary 23.0 24.1 23.4 24.1 24.2 25.8 25.4 25.0 24.8 22.8 23.4 2.7% 0.2% Republic of Ireland 13.7 14.7 14.5 14.1 14.6 15.0 15.5 15.8 15.7 14.6 14.6 ◆ 0.1% Italy 176.5 177.5 176.3 182.3 185.8 186.2 185.4 182.4 180.7 168.3 172.0 2.3% 1.4% Kazakhstan 41.3 42.1 47.4 53.1 61.6 64.5 66.7 68.2 73.0 67.5 72.8 7.9% 0.6% Lithuania 7.0 8.1 8.6 9.1 9.2 8.4 8.1 8.7 8.7 8.0 6.1 -24.3% 0.1% Netherlands 87.6 90.6 91.0 91.8 95.0 97.1 97.2 98.4 98.1 95.6 100.1 4.8% 0.8% Norway 46.1 41.2 43.1 38.8 39.5 45.6 42.0 45.7 46.7 43.4 41.8 -3.7% 0.3% Poland 88.5 88.9 87.7 90.1 91.7 91.5 94.9 95.8 95.4 91.3 95.8 4.9% 0.8% Portugal 25.2 25.4 25.5 25.8 25.4 25.6 25.5 25.4 24.3 24.6 27.1 10.0% 0.2% Romania 37.0 37.3 38.6 37.8 39.0 39.8 40.6 37.5 38.5 34.0 34.5 1.5% 0.3% Russian Federation 620.4 631.4 633.1 649.9 657.8 657.4 675.3 685.8 691.0 654.7 690.9 5.5% 5.8% Slovakia 18.1 18.6 18.7 18.1 17.6 18.8 17.8 17.2 17.7 16.0 16.2 0.8% 0.1% Spain 130.2 134.0 135.9 144.4 151.1 153.4 154.1 158.6 157.1 146.1 149.7 2.5% 1.2% Sweden 50.6 54.4 51.1 48.8 52.6 54.3 51.4 52.0 51.7 47.4 50.7 6.8% 0.4% Switzerland 29.3 31.3 29.3 29.1 28.8 27.7 28.9 28.6 29.7 29.7 29.0 -2.4% 0.2% Turkey 76.7 71.6 75.2 79.7 84.4 89.5 95.8 102.2 103.8 101.0 110.9 9.8% 0.9% Turkmenistan 14.5 14.9 15.4 17.0 17.9 19.0 21.2 24.2 23.8 23.4 26.0 11.2% 0.2% Ukraine 134.7 134.7 132.3 135.2 137.4 136.1 137.5 135.2 131.9 112.0 118.0 5.4% 1.0% United Kingdom 224.1 226.7 221.9 225.6 227.4 228.3 225.6 218.4 214.9 203.6 209.1 2.7% 1.7% Uzbekistan 50.9 54.0 55.5 51.4 48.8 46.2 45.6 49.0 52.6 48.0 49.8 3.9% 0.4% Other Europe & Eurasia 70.0 71.4 73.8 77.3 81.4 81.0 79.2 80.9 82.4 79.0 83.4 5.6% 0.7% Total Europe & Eurasia 2821.4 2861.3 2860.7 2925.4 2982.7 2995.4 3027.6 3025.6 3037.4 2853.8 2971.5 4.1% 24.8% Iran 121.2 128.0 141.8 149.3 156.1 177.0 185.7 189.6 197.4 205.9 212.5 3.2% 1.8% Israel 19.7 19.7 20.1 20.7 21.0 21.6 21.8 22.9 23.8 23.3 23.7 1.9% 0.2% Kuwait 20.0 21.0 21.0 23.5 25.9 27.7 26.5 26.2 27.7 28.0 30.6 9.1% 0.3% Qatar 10.7 12.3 13.0 14.1 17.0 20.8 22.3 22.8 23.6 24.2 25.7 6.1% 0.2% Saudi Arabia 117.9 123.0 127.6 135.8 147.4 152.3 158.5 165.2 179.6 187.8 201.0 7.0% 1.7% United Arab Emirates 48.4 54.0 53.5 57.3 61.0 64.6 67.4 74.3 85.5 83.0 86.8 4.6% 0.7% Other Middle East 78.3 81.5 83.0 80.9 86.1 89.0 97.0 100.3 107.3 112.7 120.7 7.1% 1.0% Total Middle East 416.2 439.5 460.0 481.5 514.5 553.0 579.1 601.4 644.9 664.9 701.1 5.4% 5.8% Algeria 26.8 27.9 28.9 30.2 31.3 32.7 33.7 35.5 37.5 39.7 41.1 3.6% 0.3% Egypt 49.8 52.6 53.6 57.0 59.6 62.5 65.8 69.9 74.1 76.5 81.0 6.0% 0.7% South Africa 101.2 100.1 103.4 109.5 115.7 113.5 115.4 118.0 116.3 118.8 120.9 1.7% 1.0% Other Africa 94.4 97.8 100.8 103.6 111.4 115.9 114.2 120.1 126.2 125.2 129.5 3.4% 1.1% Total Africa 272.1 278.4 286.7 300.4 318.0 324.6 329.0 343.6 354.1 360.1 372.6 3.4% 3.1% Australia 106.7 109.7 112.8 112.0 116.9 117.7 124.3 125.2 124.3 125.6 118.2 -5.8% 1.0% Bangladesh 12.7 14.1 14.8 15.7 16.6 18.3 19.1 20.0 21.8 23.4 23.6 1.2% 0.2% China 1038.2 1072.5 1140.4 1313.5 1531.3 1691.5 1858.1 1996.8 2079.9 2187.7 2432.2 11.2% 20.3% China Hong Kong SAR 16.1 19.4 20.8 21.2 24.3 22.9 24.7 26.2 24.5 24.3 25.9 6.4% 0.2% India 295.8 297.4 308.7 317.2 345.5 364.0 381.4 414.5 444.6 480.0 524.2 9.2% 4.4% Indonesia 98.4 104.0 108.7 117.6 116.9 120.5 122.0 129.6 123.6 132.2 140.0 5.9% 1.2% Japan 514.1 512.9 510.3 511.0 522.1 527.2 528.3 523.6 516.2 473.0 500.9 5.9% 4.2% Malaysia 46.5 48.6 52.2 53.6 53.8 59.6 62.6 63.4 62.2 60.8 62.9 3.6% 0.5% New Zealand 18.6 18.5 19.1 18.7 19.3 18.8 19.1 19.0 19.1 19.0 18.9 -0.5% 0.2% Pakistan 44.3 45.5 47.4 52.4 56.8 58.9 61.8 65.1 64.8 66.9 67.6 1.1% 0.6% Philippines 25.2 25.1 25.8 26.6 27.5 27.7 25.9 27.1 26.9 27.3 27.6 1.3% 0.2% Singapore 33.4 37.2 38.7 37.5 42.7 48.4 51.5 56.8 59.4 63.4 69.8 10.2% 0.6% South Korea 188.9 193.5 202.4 209.0 213.2 220.6 222.7 231.3 235.3 236.7 255.0 7.7% 2.1% Taiwan 87.5 90.9 94.9 99.3 104.8 107.1 108.7 113.7 106.7 104.2 110.5 6.0% 0.9% Thailand 68.0 70.9 76.3 81.3 87.7 93.1 95.0 97.9 100.6 102.4 107.9 5.4% 0.9% Vietnam 17.7 19.9 21.4 22.5 28.7 29.8 32.3 34.9 36.7 42.1 44.0 4.5% 0.4% Other Asia Pacific 39.0 39.9 38.8 40.2 41.5 44.0 45.4 43.2 44.6 46.9 44.6 -5.0% 0.4% Total Asia Pacific 2651.2 2720.1 2833.5 3049.3 3349.5 3570.2 3782.8 3988.3 4091.5 4215.6 4573.8 8.5% 38.1% TotalWorld 9382.4 9465.6 9651.8 9997.8 10482.0 10800.9 11087.8 11398.4 11535.8 11363.2 12002.4 5.6% 100.0% of which: OECD 5435.4 5405.0 5445.0 5511.4 5622.5 5667.3 5673.2 5714.6 5658.7 5378.4 5568.3 3.5% 46.4% Non-OECD 3947.0 4060.6 4206.8 4486.4 4859.5 5133.7 5414.6 5683.8 5877.1 5984.8 6434.1 7.5% 53.6% European Union 1720.4 1751.8 1738.9 1777.0 1805.9 1808.2 1814.0 1786.9 1783.9 1678.6 1732.9 3.2% 14.4% Former Soviet Union 922.3 939.0 945.7 971.2 992.6 993.9 1018.2 1034.5 1044.1 972.1 1023.3 5.3% 8.5% * I n this Review, primary energy comprises commercially traded fuels, including modern renewables used to generate electricity. ◆ Less than 0.05%. Note: Oil consumption is measured in million tonnes; other fuels in million tonnes of oil equivalent. 41 Consumption by fuel* 2009 2010 Natural Nuclear Hydro- Renew- Natural Nuclear Hydro- Renew- Million tonnes oil equivalent Oil gas Coal energy electricity ables Total Oil gas Coal energy electricity ables Total US 833.2 588.3 496.2 190.3 62.5 33.6 2204.1 850.0 621.0 524.6 192.2 58.8 39.1 2285.7 Canada 97.1 85.0 23.3 20.2 83.6 3.3 312.5 102.3 84.5 23.4 20.3 82.9 3.3 316.7 Mexico 88.5 59.9 8.6 2.4 6.0 1.8 167.1 87.4 62.0 8.4 1.3 8.3 1.7 169.1 Total North America 1018.8 733.1 528.1 212.9 152.1 38.7 2683.7 1039.7 767.4 556.3 213.8 149.9 44.2 2771.5 Argentina 23.7 38.8 1.2 1.8 9.2 0.4 75.1 25.7 39.0 1.2 1.6 9.2 0.4 77.1 Brazil 107.0 17.8 11.7 2.9 88.5 6.2 234.1 116.9 23.8 12.4 3.3 89.6 7.9 253.9 Chile 15.6 2.8 3.7 – 5.6 0.7 28.5 14.7 4.2 3.7 – 4.9 0.8 28.4 Colombia 10.5 7.8 3.7 – 9.3 0.2 31.5 11.0 8.2 3.8 – 9.1 0.2 32.2 Ecuador 10.1 0.4 – – 2.1 † 12.6 10.6 0.4 – – 2.0 0.1 13.0 Peru 8.1 3.1 0.5 – 4.5 0.1 16.3 8.4 4.9 0.5 – 4.4 0.1 18.3 Trinidad & Tobago 2.1 18.8 – – – † 20.8 2.1 19.8 – – – † 22.0 Venezuela 33.7 27.5 † – 19.5 – 80.6 35.2 27.6 † – 17.4 – 80.3 Other S. & Cent. America 57.9 4.5 2.0 – 19.2 1.7 85.4 57.3 5.0 2.1 – 20.7 1.7 86.8 Total S. & Cent. America 268.6 121.6 22.9 4.7 157.9 9.3 585.0 282.0 132.9 23.8 4.9 157.2 11.1 611.9 Austria 13.0 8.4 2.2 – 8.2 1.4 33.1 13.0 9.1 2.0 – 7.8 1.4 33.3 Azerbaijan 3.2 7.0 † – 0.5 † 10.7 3.3 5.9 † – 0.8 † 10.0 Belarus 9.3 14.5 † – † † 23.9 6.6 17.7 † – † † 24.4 Belgium & Luxembourg 33.4 15.7 4.6 10.7 0.1 1.3 65.7 35.0 17.4 4.9 10.9 0.1 1.5 69.8 Bulgaria 5.6 2.1 6.3 3.4 0.8 0.1 18.3 4.2 2.3 6.6 3.5 1.3 0.2 18.0 Czech Republic 9.7 7.4 16.2 6.2 0.7 0.5 40.6 9.2 8.4 16.0 6.3 0.8 0.6 41.3 Denmark 8.5 4.0 4.0 – † 2.3 18.8 8.7 4.5 3.8 – † 2.5 19.5 Finland 9.9 3.2 3.7 5.4 2.9 2.0 27.1 10.4 3.5 4.6 5.2 3.2 2.2 29.1 France 87.5 38.0 9.9 92.8 13.1 2.8 244.0 83.4 42.2 12.1 96.9 14.3 3.4 252.4 Germany 113.9 70.2 71.7 30.5 4.2 16.9 307.4 115.1 73.2 76.5 31.8 4.3 18.6 319.5 Greece 20.2 3.0 8.1 – 1.3 0.6 33.3 18.5 3.3 8.5 – 1.7 0.6 32.5 Hungary 7.1 9.1 2.5 3.5 0.1 0.6 22.8 6.7 9.8 2.6 3.6 † 0.7 23.4 Republic of Ireland 8.0 4.3 1.3 – 0.2 0.7 14.6 7.6 4.8 1.4 – 0.1 0.7 14.6 Italy 75.1 64.4 13.1 – 11.1 4.6 168.3 73.1 68.5 13.7 – 11.2 5.6 172.0 Kazakhstan 12.1 22.1 31.7 – 1.6 – 67.5 12.5 22.7 36.1 – 1.5 – 72.8 Lithuania 2.6 2.5 0.1 2.5 0.3 0.1 8.0 2.7 2.8 0.2 – 0.3 0.1 6.1 Netherlands 49.4 35.0 7.9 1.0 † 2.3 95.6 49.8 39.2 7.9 0.9 † 2.2 100.1 Norway 10.3 3.7 0.3 – 28.8 0.3 43.4 10.7 3.7 0.5 – 26.7 0.3 41.8 Poland 25.3 12.0 51.9 – 0.7 1.4 91.3 26.3 12.9 54.0 – 0.8 1.9 95.8 Portugal 12.8 4.2 3.3 – 2.0 2.3 24.6 12.6 4.5 3.4 – 3.8 2.8 27.1 Romania 9.2 11.9 6.6 2.7 3.6 † 34.0 9.1 12.0 6.2 2.6 4.6 0.1 34.5 Russian Federation 135.2 350.7 91.9 37.0 39.9 0.1 654.7 147.6 372.7 93.8 38.5 38.1 0.1 690.9 Slovakia 3.7 4.4 3.5 3.2 1.0 0.1 16.0 3.7 5.1 2.7 3.3 1.3 0.1 16.2 Spain 75.7 31.1 10.5 11.9 6.0 10.9 146.1 74.5 31.0 8.3 13.9 9.6 12.4 149.7 Sweden 14.6 1.0 1.6 11.9 14.9 3.4 47.4 14.5 1.4 2.0 13.2 15.1 4.3 50.7 Switzerland 12.3 2.7 0.1 6.2 8.1 0.3 29.7 11.4 3.0 0.1 6.0 8.2 0.3 29.0 Turkey 28.2 32.1 32.0 – 8.1 0.5 101.0 28.7 35.1 34.4 – 11.7 1.0 110.9 Turkmenistan 5.4 17.9 – – – – 23.4 5.6 20.4 – – – – 26.0 Ukraine 13.3 42.3 35.0 18.8 2.7 † 112.0 11.6 46.9 36.4 20.2 2.9 † 118.0 United Kingdom 74.4 78.0 29.6 15.6 1.2 4.7 203.6 73.7 84.5 31.2 14.1 0.8 4.9 209.1 Uzbekistan 4.8 39.2 1.4 – 2.6 – 48.0 5.0 41.0 1.3 – 2.5 – 49.8 Other Europe & Eurasia 28.5 12.3 15.2 1.9 19.6 1.5 79.0 28.3 14.1 15.7 1.8 22.3 1.2 83.4 Total Europe & Eurasia 922.2 954.5 466.4 265.1 184.0 61.6 2853.8 922.9 1023.5 486.8 272.8 195.9 69.6 2971.5 Iran 85.1 118.2 1.1 – 1.5 † 205.9 86.0 123.2 1.1 – 2.2 0.1 212.5 Israel 11.5 4.1 7.7 – – † 23.3 11.2 4.8 7.7 – – † 23.7 Kuwait 17.2 10.9 – – – – 28.0 17.7 12.9 – – – – 30.6 Qatar 6.2 18.0 – – – – 24.2 7.4 18.4 – – – – 25.7 Saudi Arabia 117.2 70.6 – – – – 187.8 125.5 75.5 – – – – 201.0 United Arab Emirates 29.8 53.2 – – – † 83.0 32.3 54.5 – – – † 86.8 Other Middle East 77.3 34.7 – – 0.7 † 112.7 80.2 39.6 – – 0.9 † 120.7 Total Middle East 344.3 309.7 8.8 – 2.1 0.1 664.9 360.2 329.0 8.8 – 3.0 0.1 701.1 Algeria 14.9 24.5 0.2 – 0.1 – 39.7 14.9 26.0 0.3 – † – 41.1 Egypt 34.4 38.3 0.6 – 2.9 0.2 76.5 36.3 40.6 0.7 – 3.2 0.3 81.0 South Africa 24.7 3.0 87.7 3.1 0.2 0.1 118.8 25.3 3.4 88.7 3.1 0.3 0.1 120.9 Other Africa 77.0 23.2 5.5 – 18.9 0.6 125.2 79.0 24.4 5.7 – 19.6 0.7 129.5 Total Africa 150.9 89.0 94.1 3.1 22.2 0.9 360.1 155.5 94.5 95.3 3.1 23.2 1.1 372.6 Australia 42.2 27.7 51.7 – 2.6 1.3 125.6 42.6 27.3 43.4 – 3.4 1.5 118.2 Bangladesh 4.8 17.8 0.4 – 0.3 – 23.4 4.8 18.0 0.5 – 0.3 – 23.6 China 388.2 80.6 1556.8 15.9 139.3 6.9 2187.7 428.6 98.1 1713.5 16.7 163.1 12.1 2432.2 China Hong Kong SAR 14.0 2.8 7.6 – – † 24.3 16.1 3.4 6.3 – – † 25.9 India 151.0 45.9 250.6 3.8 24.0 4.6 480.0 155.5 55.7 277.6 5.2 25.2 5.0 524.2 Indonesia 59.2 33.6 34.6 – 2.6 2.1 132.2 59.6 36.3 39.4 – 2.6 2.1 140.0 Japan 198.7 78.7 108.8 65.0 16.5 5.4 473.0 201.6 85.1 123.7 66.2 19.3 5.1 500.9 Malaysia 24.5 30.3 4.0 – 2.0 † 60.8 25.3 32.2 3.4 – 2.1 † 62.9 New Zealand 6.8 3.5 1.6 – 5.5 1.6 19.0 6.9 3.7 1.0 – 5.5 1.8 18.9 Pakistan 20.6 34.6 4.7 0.6 6.4 – 66.9 20.5 35.5 4.6 0.6 6.4 – 67.6 Philippines 13.1 3.0 6.7 – 2.2 2.4 27.3 13.1 2.8 7.7 – 1.8 2.3 27.6 Singapore 56.1 7.3 – – – – 63.4 62.2 7.6 – – – – 69.8 South Korea 103.0 30.5 68.6 33.4 0.6 0.4 236.7 105.6 38.6 76.0 33.4 0.8 0.5 255.0 Taiwan 44.1 10.2 38.7 9.4 0.8 1.0 104.2 46.2 12.7 40.3 9.4 0.9 1.0 110.5 Thailand 49.9 35.3 14.5 – 1.6 1.1 102.4 50.2 40.6 14.8 – 1.2 1.1 107.9 Vietnam 14.1 7.2 14.0 – 6.8 – 42.1 15.6 8.4 13.7 – 6.3 – 44.0 Other Asia Pacific 13.4 4.6 22.1 – 6.8 † 46.9 13.5 4.8 18.9 – 7.4 † 44.6 Total Asia Pacific 1203.8 453.5 2185.3 128.2 218.0 26.7 4215.6 1267.8 510.8 2384.7 131.6 246.4 32.6 4573.8 TotalWorld 3908.7 2661.4 3305.6 614.0 736.3 137.4 11363.2 4028.1 2858.1 3555.8 626.2 775.6 158.6 12002.4 of which: OECD 2094.8 1313.9 1049.5 511.5 299.4 109.5 5378.4 2113.8 1397.6 1103.6 520.9 309.5 123.0 5568.3 Non-OECD 1813.9 1347.5 2256.1 102.5 436.9 27.9 5984.8 1914.3 1460.5 2452.2 105.3 466.1 35.6 6434.1 European Union 670.2 412.6 259.9 202.5 74.1 59.3 1678.6 662.5 443.3 269.7 207.5 83.0 66.9 1732.9 Former Soviet Union 192.7 503.0 161.1 58.8 56.2 0.3 972.1 201.5 537.1 169.1 59.3 55.9 0.3 1023.3 * I n this Review, primary energy comprises commercially traded fuels, including modern renewables used to generate electricity. †Less than 0.05. Note: Oil consumption is measured in million tonnes; other fuels in million tonnes of oil equivalent. 42 World consumption Million tonnes oil equivalent 009 10080706050403020100999897969594939291908988878685 13000 12000 11000 10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 Coal Hydroelectricity Nuclear energy Natural gas Oil Renewables World primary energy consumption grew by 5.6% in 2010, the strongest growth since 1973. Growth was above average for oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, hydroelectricity, as well as for renewables in power generation. Oil remains the dominant fuel (33.6% of the global total) but has lost share for 11 consecutive years. The share of coal in total energy consumption continues to rise, and the share of natural gas was the highest on record. Regional consumption pattern 2010 Percentage Asia PacificAfricaMiddle EastEurope & EurasiaS. & Cent. AmericaNorth America 0 100 80 60 40 10 70 50 30 90 20 The Asia Pacific region continues to lead global energy consumption, accounting for 38.1% of the world total and for 67.1% of global coal consumption. Within the Asia Pacific countries, coal is the dominant fuel, accounting for 52.1% of energy consumption. Oil is the dominant fuel for all other regions except Europe and Eurasia, where natural gas is the leading fuel. In addition to being the largest consumer of coal, the Asia Pacific countries are also the leading users of oil and hydroelectric generation. Europe and Eurasia are leading consumers of natural gas, nuclear power, and renewables in power generation. 43 Consumption per capita 2010 Tonnes oil equivalent 0-1.5 1.5-3.0 3.0-4.5 4.5-6.0 > 6.0 Fossil fuel reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios at end 2010 Years WorldFormer Soviet UnionEuropean UnionOECD Non-OECD 0 500 400 300 200 100 Oil Natural gas Coal Coal remains the most abundant fossil fuel by global R/P ratios, though oil and natural gas proved reserves have generally risen over time. Non-OECD countries account for 93.4% of the world’s proved oil reserves; 90.9% of natural gas reserves, and 56% of coal reserves. The Middle East holds the largest share of proved oil and natural gas reserves; Europe and Eurasia hold a significant share of the world’s natural gas and the largest coal reserves. Asia and North America also hold substantial coal reserves. 44  .  .  Appendices Approximate conversion factors Crude oil* From To tonnes US tonnes (metric) kilolitres barrels gallons per year Multiply by Tonnes (metric) 1 1.165 7.33 307.86 – Kilolitres 0.8581 1 6.2898 264.17 – Barrels 0.1364 0.159 1 42 – US gallons 0.00325 0.0038 0.0238 1 – Barrels per day – – – – 49.8 *Based on worldwide average gravity. Products To convert barrels tonnes kilolitres tonnes to tonnes to barrels to tonnes to kilolitres Multiply by Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) 0.086 11.6 0.542 1.844 Gasoline 0.118 8.5 0.740 1.351 Kerosene 0.128 7.8 0.806 1.240 Gas oil/diesel 0.133 7.5 0.839 1.192 Fuel oil 0.149 6.7 0.939 1.065 Natural gas (NG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) From To billion cubic billion cubic million tonnes million tonnes trillion British million barrels metres NG feet NG oil equivalent LNG thermal units oil equivalent Multiply by 1 billion cubic metres NG 1 35.3 0.90 0.74 35.7 6.60 1 billion cubic feet NG 0.028 1 0.025 0.021 1.01 0.19 1 million tonnes oil equivalent 1.11 39.2 1 0.82 39.7 7.33 1 million tonnes LNG 1.36 48.0 1.22 1 48.6 8.97 1 trillion British thermal units 0.028 0.99 0.025 0.021 1 0.18 1 million barrels oil equivalent 0.15 5.35 0.14 0.11 5.41 1 Definitions Statistics published in this Review are taken from government sources and published data. No use is made of confidential information obtained by BP in the course of its business. Country and geographic groupings are made purely for statistical purposes and are not intended to imply any judgement about political or economic standings. North America US (excluding Puerto Rico), Canada, Mexico. South and Central America Caribbean (including Puerto Rico), Central and South America. Europe European members of the OECD plus Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Gibraltar, Malta, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro. Former Soviet Union Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan. Europe and Eurasia All countries listed above under the headings Europe and Former Soviet Union. Middle East Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria. North Africa Territories on the north coast of Africa from Egypt to western Sahara. West Africa Territories on the west coast of Africa from Mauritania to Angola, including Cape Verde, Chad. East and Southern Africa Territories on the east coast of Africa from Sudan to Republic of South Africa. Also Botswana, Madagascar, Malawi, Namibia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Asia Pacific Brunei, Cambodia, China, China Hong Kong SAR*, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, North Korea, Philippines, Singapore, South Asia (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka), South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Oceania. *Special Administrative Region. Australasia Australia, New Zealand. OECD members Europe: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Republic of Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK. Other member countries: Australia, Canada, Chile, Israel, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, South Korea, US. OPEC members Middle East: Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates. North Africa: Algeria, Libya. West Africa: Angola, Nigeria. South America: Ecuador, Venezuela. Units 1 metric tonne = 2204 62lb = 1.1023 short tons 1 kilolitre = 6.2898 barrels = 1 cubic metre 1 kilocalorie (kcal) = 4.187kJ = 3.968Btu 1 kilojoule (kJ) = 0 239kcal = 0.948Btu 1 British thermal = 0.252kcal unit (Btu) = 1.055kJ 1 kilowatt-hour (kWh) = 860kcal = 3600kJ = 3412Btu Calorific equivalents One tonne of oil equivalent equals approximately: Heat units 10 million kilocalories 42 gigajoules 40 million British thermal units Solid fuels 1.5 tonnes of hard coal 3 tonnes of lignite Gaseous fuels See Natural gas and liquefied natural gas table Electricity 12 megawatt-hours One million tonnes of oil or oil equivalent produces about 4400 gigawatt-hours (= 4.4 terawatt-hours) of electricity in a modern power station. 1 barrel of ethanol = 0.57 barrel of oil 1 barrel of biodiesel = 0.88 barrel of oil European Union members Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Republic of Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, UK. Non-OECD All countries that are not members of the OECD. Methodology The primary energy values of nuclear and hydroelectric power generation, as well as electricity from renewable sources, have been derived by calculating the equivalent amount of fossil fuel required to generate the same volume of electricity in a thermal power station, assuming a conversion efficiency of 38% (the average for OECD thermal power generation). Fuels used as inputs for conversion technologies (gas-to- liquids, coal-to-liquids and coal-to-gas) are counted as production for the source fuel and the outputs are counted as consumption for the converted fuel. Percentages Calculated before rounding of actuals. All annual changes and shares of totals are on a weight basis except on pages 6, 13, 16, 18 and 20. Rounding differences Because of rounding, some totals may not agree exactly with the sum of their component parts. Tonnes Metric equivalent of tons. 45 More information The data in this publication is also available at www.bp.com/statisticalreview. In addition to viewing, data can be downloaded and charted using the charting tool. Questions on data BP regrets it is unable to deal with enquiries about the data in BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2011. Ordering copies You can order BP’s printed publications, free of charge, from: US and Canada Precision IR Toll-free +1 888 301 2505 Fax +1 804 327 7549 bpreports@precisionir.com UK and Rest of World BP Distribution Services Tel +44 (0)870 241 3269 Fax +44 (0)870 240 5753 bpdistributionservices@bp.com Quoting from the Review Publishers are welcome to quote from this Review provided that they attribute the source to BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2011. However, where extensive reproduction of tables and/or charts is planned, permission must first be obtained from: The Editor BP Statistical Review of World Energy BP p.l.c. 1 St James’s Square London SW1Y 4PD UK sr@bp.com The redistribution or reproduction of data whose source is Platts is strictly prohibited without prior authorization from Platts. Acknowledgements Data compilation Energy Academy and Centre for Economic Reform and Transformation, Heriot-Watt University, www.energy.hw.ac.uk Design saslondon.com Typesetting Orb Solutions, London Printing Pureprint Group Limited, UK ISO 14001, FSC® certified and CarbonNeutral® Paper This Review is printed on FSC-certified Mohawk Options 100%. This paper has been independently certified according to the rules of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and was manufactured at a mill that holds ISO 14001 accreditation. The inks used are all vegetable oil based. © BP p.l.c. 2011 60 years BP Statistical Review