CONSIST, CONTAIN OR INCLUDE?

Task 1 Complete the sentences below.

E.g. The periodic table consists of rows and columns. It contains elements. Different elements
include carbon, sulphur, hydrogen, oxygen etc.

1. The classic symptoms of exposure to toxic chemicals ...... headaches, sore throats

vomiting etc.

2. The world's trees ...... between 460-800 billion tonnes of carbon.

3. The local fauna ...... wolves, snakes and a wide range of unpleasant insects.

4. Each gene ...... millions of base pairs of four bases, arranged in the double stranded helix.

5. That catalyst...... platinum filters that remove pollutants.

6. The graphs do not...... information about the use of the cell.

7. Only one-fifth of air ...... oxygen, but this is quite enough for all ordinary purposes.

8. There is a range of alloys ...... lead and tin.

9. Common steel ...... one metallic element (Fe) and one non-metallic element (C).

10. Other greenhouse gases ...... carbon dioxide, methane and chlorofluorocarbons.

11. The report also ...... a table showing how much fat people can avoid by swapping one

type of meal for another.

12. The electrolyte in the battery ...... a mixture of distilled water and sulphuric acid.

13. The more aluminium the alloy ....... the less expensive it is.

14. Pollution can poison or kill the animals, ...... those raised for food.


Task 2 Find mistakes and correct them.

1. An electrolyte cell generally consists two electrodes.

2. The symptoms of the disease contain fevers, muscle fatigue, pain and depression.

3. Among its many illustrations, the book consists of drawings of high speed steam engine.

4. The exhibition consists of 10 new animal specimens that the museum did not have before.

5. Tap water includes impurities and can damage the lead plates inside the battery.

6. The "example diet " contains practical suggestions, such as halving the weekly consumption of
buttered bread, eating three egg-sized potatoes a day, etc.

7. The transition elements consist all the metals we commonly recognize as such - iron, copper,
chromium and cobalt, for example.

8. The chair includes a seat, a back, and four legs.



Task 2 Read the following extracts from letters. Write out the verbs in either the simple past, (
e.g. he worked) or the present perfect (e.g. he has worked).

1. Last year we (not/have) ..... any serious complaints from our clients, but this year we
(already/receive)..... over twenty.

2. The error (be)..... due to a fault in the computer system which we now (put)..... right.

3. I am writing to apologize for the defective items you (receive) ..... last month, and to inform
you that we (credit)..... the sum of £ 342.67 to your account.

4. Our accounts department (inform) ..... me that we (not/yet/ receive) ..... payment for the items
we (send).......




ALPHABETICAL QUIZ

Each clue has a one-word answer beginning with the appropriate letter and is from the vocabulary of
chemistry.


A- a corrosive substance that turns litmus paper red

B- a chemical species, ionic or molecular, capable of accepting or receiving a proton (hydrogen
ion) from another substance

C- a substance that alters the velocity of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any

permanent chemical change

D- the more or less permanent structural breakdown of a molecule into simple

molecules/atoms

E- a substance made up of atoms with the same atomic number

F- a material burnt to supply heat and power

G- an air-like substance with the capacity to expand and not liquify or solidify at ordinary
temperature

H- one of a very large group of chemical compounds composed only of carbon and hydrogen

I- a substance capable of stopping or retarding a chemical reaction

J- a short cylindrical glass vessel with a wide mouth

K- paraffin oil obtained from petroleum or coal

L- a substance which flows (like water)

M- anything that has mass and takes up space

N- the central part of an atom

O - any mineral, rock, etc. from which a metal is obtained

P- the powder inside a flower which fertilizes other flowers

Q- another name for mercury

R- what remains or is left over

S- a substance dissolved in a solvent

T- an instrument used for measuring temperature

U- a metallic element with atomic number 92, highly toxic and radioactive

V- the power of an element to combine

W- a material which is or has been useless

X- a heavy inert colourless, odourless gaseous element with atomic number 54

Y- a fungus causing alcoholic fermentation

Z- cipher, nought, nothing