Science and Technology - Quiz Fill in the gaps with the correct word. 1. …………….. are being carried out to find a cure for cancer. Experiences Experiments Examinations Research 2. Microscopes ………………..very small objects many times to make them visible. magnify enhance expand increase 3. Radio signals are now often ……………..by satellite. received delivered transmitted dispersed 4. Solar power stations are able to ……………….. the energy of the sun. harm maximize drive harness 5. Other …………… energy sources include wind and wave power. renewable recyclable returnable reusable 6. In some types of power station steam is used to ………………turbines. force turn reverse rotate 7. Mercury is a …………….at room temperature fluid liquid solid gas 8. Hydrogen and oxygen are the two ……………….. that make up water. compounds atoms molecules elements 9. All …………..is composed of atoms. stuff material substance matter 10. The ……………… of lead is greater than that of aluminium. rigidity weight density volume 11. When water is heated it …………………..more quickly. evaporates condenses melts solidifies 12. The ………………….. of iron and oxygen produces rust. reaction separation decomposition composition 13. Chemists study the composition of natural ……………….. substances machines mixtures alloys 14. The ………………………….. of water is 100°C. melting point boiling point point of condensation freezing point Adapted from J.Harbord: Topic-based Vocabulary. Properties of Matter 1. Complete the following text. Clue: Below boiling except fluids highly liquid solid state Note the preposition below and the connector except. Changes of state / form 0°C - melting point of ice. 100°C - __________ point of water. Ice is ________, water is _________, steam is gaseous. Steam and water are __________ . Steam, water, ice, oxygen, neon: all these are fluids _________ ice. Sometimes the properties of a substance change when it changes its __________. For example, if the temperature of oxygen falls ________ -183°C, it changes from a colorless gas to a bluish liquid, which is __________ magnetic. 2. Complete the following text. Clue: dissolve element form gas hand properties salt salty substance Which are the verbs? Is there a connector? A substance may be an element, a compound or a mixture. An element, such as copper or iron cannot be broken down into simpler substances. When elements combine to form compounds, there is a chemical reaction. Some ____________ of the elements change during the reaction. For example, the ____________ chlorine (Cl) is a poisonous yellow _____. Sodium, on the other ______, is a soft silvery-white metal which reacts violently with water. However, if these elements combine, they ______ sodium chloride, or _____ . This is a harmless white _______________. A mixture of a sand and salt is yellowish-white and it tastes both _____ and gritty. If we put the mixture in water, the salt will dissolve, because it is soluble, but the sand will not _________, because it is insoluble. 3. Answer these questions: 1. What is the boiling point of oxygen? 2. Are sodium and chlorine harmless? 3. What is the difference between a compound and a mixture? 4. Choose the right word in a sentence: a) A conductive / conductivity material can be used to conduct electricity. b) If a material is easy to stretch under stress, we call it elastic / elasticity. c) If you want to improve durable / durability of a machine, clean it regularly. d) Hard / hardness is an important property of steel. e) Concrete is used for building because of its strong / strength. 5. Word formation: Form the nouns. Soft_____ , deep - ________, long - _________, wide - _________, dissolve - _____________. 6. Discuss these questions in pairs: 1. What is your favourite material for clothing? Do you prefer natural or synthetic materials? Why? What material are you wearing right now? 2. Do you know some modern hi-tech materials? (e.g. Gore-tex)? Which ones? Where are they used? What are their advantages over traditional materials? 3. Give examples of things which were originally made of natural materials and now are made of plastics. Why are plastics now used? Are there any disadvantages? Adapted from Bates, Martin and Dudley-Evans, Tony: Nucleus of General Science. Longman 1990. Věra Hranáčová, 2013 7. Form nouns of some properties of materials. Note the stressed syllables in bold type. Adjective Noun Verb pružnost elastic (stress on the 2nd) elasticity (stress on the 3rd) křehkost (nepružnost) brittle (rocks, bones, glass) brittle____ křehkost (ztráta síly) lack of solidity/strenth fragile [frædžail] (bones, glass) fragility [frə´džiliti] síla strong str_____ tuhost (neohebnost) rigid rigid… tažnost, kujnost malleable [mæliəbl],ductile malleability [´biliti] plastičnost, tvárnost ductile ductil___ vodivost conductive conductiv__ žáruvzdornost heat-resistant heat-resistan__ zápalnost, hořlavost combustible combustib_____ combust vznětlivost (in)flammable, zápor=non-! (in)flammab_______ inflame [ei] zápalnost ignitable [ig´naitəbl], ignitability [ig´naitə´biliti] ignite [ig´nait] igneous rocks (vyvřelé) ignition (zážeh) jedovatost, toxicita toxic toxic____ reaktivita reactive reactiv___ react netečnost inert inert____ lehkost light light___ těžkost heavy heav_____ savost, absorpčnost absorbent absorbency viskozita, lepkavost viscous viscos____ hustota dense dens___ trvanlivost, odolnost durable durab____ odolnost proti korozi corrosion resistant corrosion resistan___ 8. Complete the following text. Clue: brittle opaque[əu´peik] rough[raf] soft transparent translucent flexible hard while Is there a connector? Properties of matter A breakable material is ___________ or fragile; but if it does not break easily, it is tough[taf] . A __________ material is difficult to scratch, whereas a _______ material is easy to scratch. A _______________ material bends easily, e.g. rubber, __________ a rigid material does not bend easily. Some materials produce little friction when they are rubbed - they have smooth surface. Other materials have a _________ surface and produce a lot of friction; e.g. sandpaper. You can see through ________________ materials such as water. You cannot see through ____________ materials, such as dirty water, but light passes through them. You cannot see through _____________ glass or other materials and the light cannot pass through them. Combustible materials burn easily. If gasses burn easily, they are (in)flammable[in´flæməbl]. Some people also have an inflammable temper. Phosphorus is self-ignitable in the light. Task: Note and marker the key verbs. Věra Hranáčová, 2013