LESSON4: PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS Useful website: www.webelements.com 1. Read the text on elements classification development throughout the history and then match the stages with the names the four roots Plato the four elements Lavoisier Philosopher’s Stone Boyle an element defined as a substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance Aristotle elements divided into metals/non-metals Newlands discovering “triads” Mendeléev the law of octaves Döbereiner arranging elements in the order of their increasing atomic masses Brand 2. Listening. Listen to the song of the elements by Tom Lehrer and fill in the gaps. There’s antimony, arsenic, aluminum, selenium, And hydrogen and and nitrogen and rhenium. And nickel, neodymium, neptunium, germanium, And , americium, ruthenium, uranium, Europium, zirconium, lutetium, vanadium, And lanthanum and osmium and astatine and _____________ . And gold, protactinium and indium and gallium, And and thorium and thulium and thallium. There’s holmium and helium and hafnium and erbium, And and francium and fluorine and terbium. And manganese and mercury, molybdenum,_____________________ Dysprosium and scandium and cerium and cesium, And lead, praseodymium, and platinum, plutonium, Palladium, promethium, , polonium, Tantalum, technetium, titanium, tellurium, And cadmium and and chromium and curium. There’s yttrium, ytterbium, actinium, . And boron, gadolinium, niobium, iridium. And strontium and and silver and samarium, And bismuth, bromine, lithium, beryllium and barium. There’s sulfur, californium and fermium, berkelium, And also mendelevium, einsteinium and nobelium. And argon, , neon, radon, xenon, zinc and rhodium, And chlorine, carbon, cobalt, copper, Tungsten, tin and . These are the only ones of which the news has come to Harvard, And there may be many others but they haven’t been discovered. 3. Find the following chemical elements, there are 15 of them. If you cross all of them, the remaining letters, if read from left to right, form a word. Which word is it? A B C D E F G H I 1 C A R B O N I T E 2 A L U M I N I U M 3 L E B S L E M M E 4 C K I N O E N N T 5 I C D R R D A E L 6 U I I C O Z I N C 7 M N U R A N I U M 8 S R M O S M I U M 9 Y T T E R B I U M /´æl thinsp ə’mɪn thinsp i thinsp əm/ /’ɒz thinsp mi thinsp əm/ /’mɜr thinsp kyə thinsp ri/ /’kæl thinsp si thinsp əm/ /ru’bɪd thinsp i thinsp əm/ /’ni thinsp ɒn/ /’kɑr thinsp bən/ /’soʊ thinsp di thinsp əm/ /ɪ’tɜr thinsp bi thinsp əm/ /’aɪ thinsp ən/ /tɪn/ /’nɪk thinsp əl/ /lɛd/ /yʊ’reɪ thinsp ni thinsp əm/ /zɪŋk/ http://dictionary.reference.com/help/luna/IPA_pron_key.html 4. Speaking. Work in small groups. Try to answer these questions: a) Which element makes more than 90 % of the universe? b) What is the lightest element? What is the heaviest element? c) What elements are present in the air? Do you know the percentages? d) Which element is used as rocket fuel and as alternative fuel for cars? e) What elements are present in the human body? f) What are the three forms of carbon? What are their uses? g) What is an isotope? Do you know any isotopes? Which ones? h) Do you know any alloys (combinations of metals)? Which ones? What metals are they made of? 5. What do you know about arsenic? Listening / Watching. ARSENIC. Watch the video and note down the uses of arsenic.^3 Vocabulary: sample (n) - vzorek dispose of (v+prep) – zbavit se mould (n) – plíseň feed livestock (v) – krmit dobytek volatile (adj) – těkavý powder (n) – prášek common (adj) – běžný poisonous (adj) - jedovatý Uses of arsenic: 6. Reading: ARSENIC^2 Study the words below and then read the text about Arsenic. After you have read the text complete the table with suitable information compound (n) – sloučenina amount (n) - množství symbol (n) – značka molecular structure (adj+n) – molekulární struktura atomic number (adj+n) – protonové číslo stable (adj) isotope– stabilní izotop half-life (n) – poločas rozpadu cause (v) - způsobit environment (n) – životní prostředí combines with … to form (v) reaguje s … a vytvoří… occur (v) – vyskytovat se be exposed to/exposure (v/n) být vystaven / vystavení metalloid (n) - polokov treat (v) – ošetřovat alloy (n) - slitina high/low levels (adj+n) –vysoké / nízké hladiny ARSENIC Adapted from Wikipedia Arsenic is the chemical element that has the symbol As, atomic number 33 and atomic mass 74.92. Arsenic was first documented by Albertus Magnus in 1250. The element is a steel grey, very brittle, crystalline solid.^ Arsenic is a poisonous element that occurs in the earth’s crust. It is metalloid with many allotropic forms, including a yellow (molecular non-metallic) and several black and grey forms (metalloids). Three metalloidal forms of arsenic, each with a different crystal structure, are found free in nature. The most stable of arsenic's isomers is 68mAs with a half-life of 111. In the environment, arsenic is combined with oxygen, chlorine, and sulfur to form inorganic arsenic compounds. Arsenic in animals and plants combines with carbon and hydrogen to form organic arsenic compounds. The most common oxidation states for arsenic are −3 (arsenides: usually alloy-like intermetallic compounds), +3 (arsenates(III) or arsenites, and most organoarsenic compounds), and +5 (arsenates: the most stable inorganic arsenic oxycompounds. Arsenic and its compounds are used as pesticides, herbicides, insecticides and in various alloys. Arsenic is made on an industrial scale by heating appropriate minerals in the absence of air. The arsenic is condensed out as a solid. FeAsS (700°C) → FeS + As(g) → As(s) Upon heating arsenic sublimes. You may be exposed to arsenic by: taking in small amounts in food, water or air ; burning smoke from arsenic-treated wood; living in an area with high levels of arsenic in rock; working in a job where arsenic is made or used. Exposure to arsenic can cause many health problems. Being exposed to low levels for a long time can change the color of your skin. Exposure to high levels of arsenic can cause death. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Symbol Atomic number Atomic mass Properties Occurrence Most common oxidation states Types of compounds Uses Production / lab preparation Ways of Exposure Effects of Exposure 7. Now read the text again and complete the second chart with words needed for a description of an element. Nouns Verbs Adjectives symbol occurs crystalline 10. Speaking. Work in pairs. Each student should choose 2-3 elements from the periodic table. Try to describe the position in periodic table, properties, occurence, forms, compounds, uses, reactions etc. Use the standard phrases, structures and vocabulary. The other one has to guess which element it is. You can use these phrases: This element combines with …. to form … It is used as / in ... It is made by … Lesson 4 – Vocabulary – Periodic Table of the Elements (+Words from HW) magnify under a microscope zvětšovat pod mikroskopem transmit radio signals přenášet rádiové signály process vast amounts of data zpracovat velké množství dat convert energy (v+n) přeměnit energii renewable energy sources obnovitelné zdroje energie rotate (v) otáčet se fluid (n) tekutina compounds (n) mixtures (n) sloučeniny a směsi boiling / melting point (adj+n) bod varu / tání point of condensation (n+prep+n) bod kondenzace freezing point (adj+n) bod mrazu evaporate (v) / evaporation (n) vypařovat se / vypařování condense (v) / condensation (n) kondenzovat / kondenzace liquefy (v) / liquefaction (n) zkapalnit / zkapalnění melt (v) / melting (n) tát / tání solidify (v) / solidification (n) tuhnout / tuhnutí sublimate (v) / sublimation (n) sublimovat / sublimace desublimate (v) / desublimation (n) desublimovat / desublimace alkali metals (adj+n) alkalické kovy alkaline earth metals (adj+n) kovy alkalických zemin halogens (n) halogeny chalcogens (n) chalkogeny noble gases (adj+n) vzácné plyny chemical symbol (adj+n) chemická značka atomic number (adj+n) protonové číslo half-life (n) poločas rozpadu relative atomic mass (adj+adj+n) relativní atomová hmotnost poisonous (adj) jedovatý occur (v) vyskytovat se metal (n) / metalloid (n) / non-metal (n) kov / polokov / nekov alloy (n) slitina amount (n) množství molecular structure (adj+n) molekulární struktura stable isotope (adj+n) stabilní izotop common (adj) obvyklý environment (n) životní prostředí combines with … to form reaguje s … a vytvoří… be exposed to (v+prep) / exposure (n) být vystaven (chemikálii)/ vystavení se treat (v) ošetřit cause (v) způsobit high/low levels (adj+n) vysoké / nízké hladiny sample (n) vzorek volatile (adj) těkavý dispose of (v+prep) zbavit se powder (n) prášek HOMEWORK: Circle the synonym 1. Chemists study the composition of natural substances. a. materials b. machines 2. Plastic products are hard to dispose of because they are almost indestructible. a. unable to be destroyed b. unable to be constructed 3. Silicon is a nonmetallic element that is inexpensive because it is so abundant in minerals and rocks. a. rare b. plentiful 4. When exposed to air and moisture, iron will corrode. a. rust b. shine 5. After the fire, the police investigated the cause of the combustion. a. burning b. excitement 6. Gasoline should be stored carefully because it is flammable. a. fireproof b. able to catch fire easily 7. Heat can convert a solid to a liquid. a. condense b. change 8. The ammonia was diluted in water to make it weaker. a. thinned b. thickened 9. A catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction. a. chemical agent b. forest animal 10. To obtain aluminum, metallurgists must extract it from bauxite. a. remove b. destroy 11. The temperature on a Fahrenheit fever thermometer ranges from 94° to 108°. a. extends b. contracts 12. The volume of air in a room can be measured in cubic feet. a. quality b. quantity 13. Ten minus four equals six. a. less b. plus 14. Newton computed the weights of the planets. a. measured b. calculated 15. Water contains hydrogen and oxygen in a ratio of two to one. a. proportion b. size 16. The price of gasoline was quadrupled, and there were fears it would go even higher. a. multiplied by four b. divided by four The lesson was adapted from Milada Pavlovová.Sources: ^1 Available at http://www.privatehand.com/flash/elements.html , Transcript http://www.edu- cyberpg.com/iec/elementsong.html ^2 Adapted from www.wikipedia.org ^3Available at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2AbKwAvyos