Cladonia workshop Alica Košuthová Svensk Lichenologisk Förening Cladonia workshop THALLUS dimorphic: - Primary thallus (thallus horizontalis) squamulose , foliose , crustose - Secondary thallus (thallus verticalis) forming: Podetia and Pseudopodetia Secondary thallus - corticate Ecorticate Scyphi – NO Additional structures - NO Corticate NO or YES NO or YES Primary thallus (crustose) Secondary thallus - ecorticate Cladonia rangiferina Primary thallus (foliose) Cladonia cornuta Cladonia workshop SECONDARY THALLUS (PODETIA) – CORTICATE: SMOOTH AREOLAETE Cladonia floerkeana GRANULATE Cladonia amaurocraea Cladonia subrangiformis Cladonia workshop SECONDARY THALLUS (PODETIA) structures: (SOREDIA, squamules, granules) SOREDIA - farinose SOREDIA - granulose Cladonia fimbriata Cladonia chlorophaea Cladonia workshop SECONDARY THALLUS (PODETIA) structures: (soredia, SQUAMULES, GRANULES) GRANULESMICRO-SQUAMULES MACRO-SQUAMULES Cladonia cocciferaCladonia bellidifloraCladonia floerkeana Cladonia workshop SECONDARY THALLUS (PODETIA) structures: (SCYPHI, soredia or squamules) SCYPHI – cups present (scyphose) SCYPHI – cups absent (ascyphose) Cladonia coccifera Cladonia floerkeana Cladonia workshop ASCOMATA - Apothecia - Picnidia Cladonia botrytes Cladonia chlorophaea Cladonia coccifera Cladonia crispata Cladonia pleurota How to follow the key? CHEMICALS and UV lamp spot-tests to identify lichen taxa PD - Paraphenylendiamine K – KOH Potassium hydroxide, of C - Hypochlorite I - Iodine UV cabinet for TLC Coffee??? How to follow the key? 1. Podetia present. Primary thallus present or absent. - Podetia absent or very rare. Squamules dominant (only species which are usually in sterile state) Cladonia foliaceaCladonia symphycarpa Cladonia macrophyllodes Cladonia strepsilis Cladonia subcervicornis Cladonia krogiana How to follow the key? 1. Podetia present. Primary thallus present or absent: 2 - Podetia absent or very rare. Squamules dominant (only species which are usually in sterile state) 2. Podetia ecorticate, surface minutely fibrose. Always richly branched. No soredia, scyphi or squamules - Podetia corticate (surface appearing smooth, hard), at least in part, or throughout sorediate Cladonia cilliata Cladonia rangiferina Cladonia stellaris How to follow the key? 2. Podetia ecorticate, surface minutely fibrose. Always richly branched. No soredia, scyphi or squamules - Podetia corticate (surface appearing smooth, hard), at least in part, or throughout sorediate: 11 11. Podetia yellowish green, esorediae, esquamulose, almost continuously and fairly smoothly corticate (or corticoid) thoughout, richly to moderate branched - Podetia usually grey to brown, more rarely yellowish, often sorediate or squamulose, unbranched to richly branched, surface smoothly corticate or not. P+ red or P- How to follow the key? 11. Podetia yellowish green, esorediae, esquamulose, almost continuously and fairly smoothly corticate (or corticoid) thoughout, richly to moderate branched: 12 - Podetia usually grey to brown, more rarely yellowish, often sorediate or squamulose, unbranched to richly branched, surface smoothly corticate or not. P+ red or P- 12. Podetia erect, yellowish green, usually much browned at apex, tips very thin, forked, subulate, curved, often bearing scatted scyphi, main axes distinct – Cladonia amaurocraea - Podetia erect to ascendent, greyish to greenish yellow, little browned at apex, tips thick, acute, spiny, never scyphose, main axes usually indistinct Cladonia amaurocraea How to follow the key? 12. Podetia erect, yellowish green, usually much browned at apex, tips very thin, forked, subulate, curved, often bearing scatted scyphi, main axes distinct - Podetia erect to ascendent, greyish to greenish yellow, little browned at apex, tips thick, acute, spiny, never scyphose, main axes usually indistinct: 13 13. Tips of podetia producing abundant, bluish crystals needles in herbarium. Podetium surface matt, withish with very thin cortex – Cladonia zopfii - No crystals appearing at tips of podetia. Podetium surface slightly glossy, rarely whitish, cortex distinct Cladonia zopfii How to follow the key? 13. Tips of podetia producing abundant, bluish crystals needles in herbarium. Podetium surface matt, withish with very thin cortex - No crystals appearing at tips of podetia. Podetium surface slightly glossy, rarely whitish, cortex distinct: 14 14. Branching predominantly polytomous, axils largely open. Somewhat robust. Medula usually UV- C. uncialis ssp. uncialis - Branching predominantly dichotomous, axils mainly closed. Very slender to turgid. Medula usually UV+ white (squamatic acid) – C. uncialis ssp. biuncialis Cladonia uncialis ssp. uncialis Cladonia uncialis ssp. biuncialis How to follow the key? 11. Podetia yellowish green, esorediae, esquamulose, almost continuously and fairly smoothly corticate (or corticoid) thoughout, richly to moderate branched - Podetia usually grey to brown, more rarely yellowish, often sorediate or squamulose, unbranched to richly branched, surface smoothly corticate or not. P+ red or P- : 15 15. Apothecia (hymenial discs) and slime in picnidia red (occationally visible in osciolum). Necrotic bases often turning orange. P – or rarely P+yellow, never red - Apothecia brown to ochraceous, slime in picnidia usually hyaline (never red). Necrotic bases grey, brown or melanotic. P+ red (commonly), P+ yellow or P- Coffee? How to follow the key? 11. Podetia yellowish green, esorediae, esquamulose, almost continuously and fairly smoothly corticate (or corticoid) thoughout, richly to moderate branched - Podetia usually grey to brown, more rarely yellowish, often sorediate or squamulose, unbranched to richly branched, surface smoothly corticate or not. P+ red or P- : 15 15. Apothecia (hymenial discs) and slime in picnidia red (occationally visible in osciolum). Necrotic bases often turning orange. P – or rarely P+yellow, never red. - Apothecia brown to ochraceous, slime in picnidia usually hyaline (never red). Necrotic bases grey, brown or melanotic. P+ red (commonly), P+ yellow or P- How to follow the key? 15. Apothecia (hymenial discs) and slime in picnidia red (occationally visible in osciolum). Necrotic bases often turning orange. P – or rarely P+yellow, never red: 16 - Apothecia brown to ochraceous, slime in picnidia usually hyaline (never red). Necrotic bases grey, brown or melanotic. P+ red (commonly), P+ yellow or P- : 33 33. Apothecia pale ochraceous brown. Thallus always yellowish-green (usnic acid): 34 - Apothecia dark brown to blackish brown. Thallus rarely yellowish: 37 34. Podetia esorediate, short, with numerous apothecia – C. botrytes - Podetia sorediate, taller, rarely with apothecia: 35 How to follow the key? 34. Podetia esorediate, short, with numerous apothecia – C. botrytes - Podetia sorediate, taller, rarely with apothecia: 35 35. Podetia with regular broad scyphi – C. carneola - Podetia usually without scyphi, more rarely with narrow scyphi: 36 36. Podetia till 1 cm, yellowish, not bluish at the base – C. balilliformis - Podetia over 3 cm, Yellowish, bluish at the base – C. cyanipes Cladonia carneola Cladonia cyanipes How to follow the key? 37. Podetia yes : 38 38. Podetia ascyphose. Esorediate or granulose sorediate - Podetia scyphose , often farinose sorediate 33. Apothecia pale ochraceous brown. Thallus always yellowish-green (usnic acid): 34 - Apothecia dark brown to blackish brown. Thallus rarely yellowish: 37 Cladonia subrangiformis Cladonia rangiformisCladonia rangiformis How to follow the key? Cladonia subrangiformis Cladonia rangiformis Cladonia scabriuscula Cladonia furcata Cladonia furcata Cladonia furcata PDApicals soredious Cladonia furcata Cladonia furcata Cladonia furcata Cladonia furcata Cladonia furcata How to follow the key? Cladonia subulata Cladonia acuminata PD+red PD+yellow PD+red Cladonia coniocraea Cladonia cornuta PD+red Cladonia cenotea Cladonia glauca PD - PD - Cladonia fimbriata Cladonia chlorophaea Cladonia pyxidata Cladonia trasii Cladonia ecmocyna Cladonia crispata ssp. crispata C. crispata ssp. cetrariiformis Cladonia maxima Cladonia phyllophora Cladonia ramulosa PD+yellow Cladonia cariosa Cladonia gracilis ssp. gracilis Cladonia gracilis ssp. turbinata Cladonia gracilis ssp. elongata PD+yellow http://www.nhm2.uio.no/botanisk/lav/Photo_Gallery/COPYRGHT.HTM Thank you for your attention • Cladonia arbuscula • Cladonia cilliata • Cladonia mitis • Cladonia portentosa • Cladonia rangiferina • Cladonia stygia • Cladonia stellaris • Cladonia stellaris • Cladonia merochlorophea • Cladonia pocillum • Cladonia subfurcata • Cladonia turgida • Cladonia verticillata