Název Results není vystižný - Miloši nechceš to ještě přeformulovat? Miloši, není lepší tento text nahradit stručným seznamem publikací, případně fotkou meteo stanice? IMG_4438 IMG_4445 INVESTIGATION OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS AT JAMES ROSS ISLAND, ANTARCTICA Miloš Barták, Kamil Láska, Filip Hrbáček, Barbora Chattová, Kateřina Olejníčková,Peter Váczi,Ondřej Zvěřina, Jan Kavan*, Luděk Sehnal and Alena Žákovská Masaryk University, CzechPolar group, Kamenice 5, Brno, Czech Republic, (*) Centre for Polar Ecology, South-Bohemian University České Budějovice, Czech Republic Introduction Since 2007, long-term research of structure and function of Antarctic terestrial ecosystems has been carried out on northern part of James Ross Island (JRI). In this abstract, we present an overview of field activities taken by Antarctic expedition crew in the period January-February 2015. Main attention was devoted to these directions: Climatology, Glaciers and pemafrost, Hydrology and limnology, Terrestrial Biology, Environmental Science, Medical Science, and Technical and Material Science. A Overview of research activities Local climate and active layer monitoring Meteorological observation, ground temperature and active layer properties are monitored at the Czech Johann Gregor Mendel Station, Johnson Mesa, and 8 other localities on Ulu Peninsula, which is one of the largest ice free territory on the northern part of James Ross Island, close to eastern coast of Trinity Peninsula. Main meteorological parameters (air temperature, relative humidity) and ground temperature data are measured at 60-min time interval at all sites. Moreover, global and reflected radiation, ground surface temperature, soil heat flux, wind speed and direction, and snow depth are monitored at Mendel Station located in marine terrace and at the high-elevated plateau of Johnson Mesa. Active layer thickness is investigated along a 5.4 km long transect ranging from the altitude of about 4 to 323 m a.s.l. using probing rod. Environmental and lake ecosystem studies Within long-term projects, emphasis was given to climate characteristics and an experiment with manipulated warming of vegetation cover using open top chambers (OTCs, measurements since 2007) approach. In Jan-Feb 2015, vegetation cover as well as microclimate in 12 OTCs, located in three contrasting localities of JRI, were investigated. Photosynthesis of Bryum sp. was evaluated by effective quantum yiled of photosystem II using field installations of fluorometers. Since 2012, heavy metal contents, mercury in particular, have been analyses regularly in different JRI ecosystems. In Jan-Feb 2015, 150 samples from lakes, ponds, streams, soils, sediments, and lichen thalli were collected as a part of a follow up study. Using a field system composed of oxygen electrodes, thermocouples, PAR sensors, and data loggers, in situ long-term (1 month in 5 min step) monitoring of dissolved oxygen concentration (DOC) was carried out in 2 ponds. Biodiversity studies Samples of soil, lichens, mosses and microbiological mats, seepages, wet rock walls, cryoconites from more than 120 individual sampling sites located on deglaciated part of JRI were taken to estimate biodiversity of Antarctic terrestrial diatoms, algae, cyanobacteria, and soil nematodes. Special attention was devoted to follow-up studies of diatoms and colonization of seal carcasses– see Fig. The samples represented small pieces of skin, bony tissue, substrate affected by organic matter input from decaying seal bodies and unaffected control (mineral substrate in close neighbourhood of the carcases. Diatoms, cyanobacteria and algae were isolated from the samples and cultivated on a Z and WC agars. Colonization of seal carasses by lichens and mosses was studied as well with the main ephasis given to the species richness in a close neighbourhood of the carcasses as dependent on liquid water availability and stage of dissintegration of seal remnants. To continue previous studies, microbiological samples were collected from different terrestrial ecosystems in order to isolate Antarctic Pseudomonas sp. The mail goal is to detect and identify new bacteriocins (antibacterial proteins) in Antarctic Pseudomonas sp. Summary In Jan-March 2015, the following subprojects were carried out at James Ross Island: 1 Climatology 1.1. Long-term measurements of local climate 1.2. Long-term monitoring of solar radiation 2 Glaciers and permafrost 2.1. Mass balance of glaciers 2.2. Permafrost monitoring plots 3 Hydrology and limnology 3.1. Hydrol.l characteristics of streams and lakes 3.2. Daily courses of dissolved oxygen in small- area ponds 4 Terrestrial Biology 4.1. Biodiversity of terrestrial diatoms 4.2. Seal carcasses colonization 4.3. Long-term manipulated warming of in OTCs 4.4. Microbiology 4.5. Soil nematodes 4.6. Biodiversity of autotrophs 4.7. Biologically active compounds 5 Environmental Science 5.1. Case study of mercury 5.2. Vegetation mapping 5.3. Magnetic field measurements 5.3. All-terrain vehicles impact assesment 5.4. Measures to prevent alien introduction 6 Medical Science 6.1. Cardiovascular system parameters 6.2. Hematological and immunological param. razitko_01_scan znak200_mu-1 clip_image001 Experimental species lichens, algae, cyanobacteria Crew members were sampled before the expedition and then on d 24, and d 45. Analysis of 17 haematological and immunological parametres were made from blood samples. Zygnema sp. Klebsormidium sp. 20 mm 10 mm Trebouxia sp. 100 mm Xanthoria elegans Usnea antarctica U. aurantiaco-atra Field work in Jan-Feb 2015 Microbiology, OTC, Human medicine . IMG_6780 IMG_7643 IMG_8954 Nostoc sp Heterococcus sp Prasiola crispa IMG_0118 Nostoc sp. Prasiola sp. Heterococcus sp. . Sapling bacteria associated with seals Sapling diatoms, algae and bacteria from seal carcasses Bryum sp. (A) and Xanthoria eleagns-dominated vegetation cover (B) in OTC close to J.G.Mendel station (Czech Rep.) A B polar-1 PosterScar_JGM Variability of mean daily air temperature (AT), albedo, ground temperature (GT) and temperature isopleths at Johann Gregor Mendel Station in 2011-2013. Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to the CzechPolar project (LM2010009) infrastructure for providing field and laboratory facilities . Hantzschia_amphioxys Navicula_seibigiana Pinnularia_borealis_var Achnanthes_muelleri Achnanthes_muelleri Achnanthes_muelleri Achnanthes muelleri Hantzschia_amphioxys Hantzschia amphioxys Pinnularia_borealis_var Pinnularia borealis Ulothrix sp Oscillatoria sp Ulothrix sp. Oscillatoria sp.