Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Re-engineering SDI Design to Support Spatially Enabled Society Abbas Rajabifard Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne INSPIRE Conference Maribor, Slovenija 23 June 2008 Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics OBJECTIVE OF PRESENTATION Introduce a new Vision “Spatially Enabled Society”-A Scenario for the Future (explain SDI design, issues and trends to support this vision). Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Spatial Enablement – Experiences & Activities Convergence theme GSDI 11 Conference 2009, NL Centre for SDIs and LA Victorian State Asia-Pacific PCGIAP GSDI Association Victorian Spatial Council Victorian Spatial Strategy 2008-2010 UN Resolution 2006 SEG Working Group Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Spatial information is an enabling technology/infrastructure for modern society. SI describes the location of objects in the real world and the relationships between objects. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Services and Delivery Tools •Spatial Information can be a unifying medium – linking solutions to location. • •User demand has shift ed to seeking improved services and delivery tools. This will be achieved by creating an environment so that we can: • • Deliver people, places, services, businesses and points of interest systems, services, businesses, partnerships and link with other industries quality services, standards, frameworks and what users want. Connect Locate Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Ready and timely access to spatial information – knowing where people and assets are – is essential for the creation of wealth in any jurisdiction. It is a critical tool for making informed decisions on key economic, environmental and social issues. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Spatial Data is further shaped by the decision-making process to which it is subject Spatial Data People Information Access Policy Standards Decision Making Process Management / Administration underpinned by access to spatial information. The Significance of Data? (Adopted from Feeney 2003) Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics •Immature institutional arrangements •Immature user/provider relationships •Poor knowledge of data availability •Difficulties in assessing data quality •Inconsistent policies on data access and use •Lack of best practice in the use of technologies So Why the Problem? Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Less than 5% understand the technology 95% do not understand the technology Who understands place? Less than 1% of people are specialists The vast majority of users do not know they are “spatially enabled” – and don’t care! Society DSE-SII 2006 Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Spatial Data Infrastructure • SDI is all about facilitation and coordination of the exchange and sharing of spatial data, services and related resources; • • SDIs constitute a set of relationships and partnerships that enable data sharing, update and integration (start where you are ready to start). • • Components-collection of people, policies, networked datasets and enabling technologies and services. • Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Global SDI Regional SDI National SDI State SDI Local SDI Spatial Data Infrastructures Organisational SDI Less detailed data Global Decisions Regional Decisions National Decisions State Decisions Local Decisions More detailed Data • Many groups working on same problem at different levels on the hierarchy. • Success depends on intra- and inter- jurisdictional cooperation between individuals and agencies. 30% Strategic Planning & Decision Making Organisational Decisions Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Related initiatives & issues Technical Institutional & Tools Standards Data, Platforms, Applications Policy SDI Platform Spatial data: importance and challenges SDI concept and principles Spatially enabling society SDI development strategies and models Silo problem …… Data integration Data integration models Data integration web service SDI and Google SDI and Virtual Earth Seamless SDI Marine SDI SDI and emergency management GSDI, Digital Earth, Global Map, UNSD SDI Governance Spatial data management SDI assessment models Benchmarking Managing RRRs Capacity building SDI & LA SDI Road map Financing Policy and privacy issues Legislation or collaboration Development of appropriate policy Custodianship, collaboration and institutional arrangements Partnerships UML Modeling Data models within SDI framework Data Standards ICA, ISO, OGC Metadata standards SDI and UML modelling Data catalogue Clearinghouse Access and security Spatial computing Sensor network Ubiquitous Metadata Entry Tools Standards Web services XML, XML Schema, GML and SVG Web Mapping Services (WMS, WFS WCS) Visualization ASSETTA Spatially Enabled Property data SDI related Tools Visualization Tools and Models Data Integration Tool Content and Elements Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Continuum of SDI Development 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2003 2005 2008 Future Developing Countries Emerging Economies Product-Based SDI development model Process Based SDI development model National/Federal Government Influence – Data Focus National, Sub-national Govt. and Private Sector Influence – Process Focus 1st Generation Developed Countries Developed, Emerging and Developing Countries 2nd Generation Towards the Next Generation Sub-national Govt. and Private Sector Influence – Strategic National focus Delivery of a Virtual Environment in support of spatial enablement of society as part of an e-government strategy Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Implementation – Drivers •Increase effectiveness –Better access (reduce barriers) –New services –Exploit data better –Get data on time –Avoid duplication of data •Increase efficiency –Avoid duplication of effort –Avoid duplication of infrastructure –Commodity access arrangements – Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Connecting Drivers with Enablers Data, Information & Technologies SDI Distribution Network Projects Enabling Mechanism SDI Framework Business Drivers (Busby 2003) [This slide loads in stages: Business Drivers appears] SDIs need to be focussed on meeting real business needs. Although this is an obvious statement to make, in reality it is very difficult to articulate business needs in relation to SDIs. This is because users are not clear what they want, what is possible, what is practicable, how long it will take or what it will all cost. Even experts struggle with some of these questions. [Data, Information & Technologies appears] There is a major gap between business drivers and the data, information and communications technologies. [barriers appear] Within the infrastructure itself, there are major barriers between jurisdictional, organisational and thematic ‘silos’. [SDI Distribution Network and Projects arrow appear] Within individual projects, especially large ones, it is generally possible to build a network to bridge the silos. The overheads and inefficiencies can be horrific, but it usually can be done. However, these networks tend to be only transient, and all too often disintegrate once the project is finished and the money dries up. [SDI Framework and Enabling Mechanism arrow appear] What is needed is an ‘industrial strength’ SDI framework that transcends individual projects. SDI frameworks consist of a set of institutional arrangements and information policies protocols and standards that are largely independent of day-to-day priorities. These frameworks don’t arise spontaneously. They need to be built by an ‘enabling mechanism’ that, in the most successful infrastructures, comprises a steering process at executive management level and a small unit of staff for whom this is a full-time job. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics distributed datasets information & communication technologies ‘fundamental’ datasets data access custodianship metadata standards policies programs What does the Enabling Mechanism Do? [This slide loads in stages] The ‘enabling mechanism’ essentially focuses on the ‘middle layer’ that connects policies and programs to the data and technologies. All of these elements are important. Neglect one, and the infrastructure fails. [data access appears] Data access policies focus on lowering the barriers to movement of data around networks. There are many barriers to data access, at jurisdictional, institutional, thematic and individual levels. In the absence of agreed access policies, there is a plethora of both legitimate and spurious issues that need to be worked through for each individual data transaction. In a large project, such as a recent Land and Water Resources Audit, this process can take years. [custodianship appears, followed by network label] Custodianship is the mechanism for ascribing responsibility for the ongoing maintenance and quality assurance of a particular dataset. Custodianship has responsibilities as well as rights, which need to be articulated and agreed. [metadata appears] Metadata (data about data, c.f. library catalogue record) serves a number of objectives: data and service discovery, user support and internal management. Without metadata, users cannot locate services, find data or work out whether it is fit for their purpose. [standards appears, followed by data label] Data standards cover a wide range of issues and, in essence, have the primary purpose of lowering the transaction costs of using data. [fundamental datasets appears] Paraphrasing Orwell: “all data are equal, but some are more equal than others”. Particular attention needs to be paid to those datasets that underpin a wide range of information products, i.e. those that are needed by multiple users for multiple purposes. Clearly, all the above issues are beyond the remit of any particular agency to resolve. Thus the need for a cross-agency enabling mechanism. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Less than 5% understand the technology 95% do not understand the technology Who understands place? Less than 1% of people are specialists The vast majority of users do not know they are “spatially enabled” – and don’t care! Society DSE-SII 2006 95% do not understand the technology Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics What is Spatially Enabled Government- SEG? •Location or place is used –initially to organise government information, –then to re-engineer government processes to deliver better policy outcomes, –Spatially enabled will ensure better productivity and efficiency, •Place is used in a transparent manner. •SEG means far better delivery of government services and sustainability better decisions by government. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Spatial Information in Society Spatial enablement of society and government Spatial information policy SDI Spatial Data layers Objects Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics • •Spatially Enabled Society – A Scenario for the Future • •The ‘spatial enablement’ can reshape •our lives. • Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Possibilities provided by Spatial Enablement •Spatial enablement can contribute to dealing with the challenges we face as a society. At the same time, however, it brings its own challenges. • •Expanding government services — ‘consultation & participation’ •Policy & Administration •Public Safety •Utilities •Health •Sustainability and our environmental footprint •Land Administration •The economics of production •Consumption and choice Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics marion2 copy Customs3 Governance and Partnership Building DB DB Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Possibilities provided by Spatial Enablement •Spatial enablement can contribute to dealing with the challenges we face as a society. At the same time, however, it brings its own challenges. • •Expanding government services — ‘consultation & participation’ •Policy & Administration •Public Safety •Utilities •Health •Sustainability and our environmental footprint •Land Administration •The economics of production •Consumption and choice Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Owners’ names Climate Heritage Soil DCDB Satellite images Geographic Names Utilities Parcel Burglary risks Landform (DTM) Mortgages Access Boundaries Spatial & Non-Spatial Data Spatial Data Infrastructures SDIs Web Enabled Access Location Based Platforms Enabling Technology Supported Functions for Key Government and Business Activities Policy making Land development & planning Transactions management Activity management Emergency management Land valuation & taxation Provision of utilities & services Transport and access Farming & resource management Disclosure of restrictions Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics 1. Multipurpose Cadastre (German style) 2. Title or deeds tenure style cadastres 3. Taxation driven cadastre (Latin /Spanish / French) Tenure Value Use Development Incorporating: Land policy Spatially enabled LAS Services to business and public Country context Sustainable development - Economic - Environmental - Social - Governance Cadastral engines… Land management paradigm Spatially enabled government Parcels Properties Buildings Roads SDI Mapping agencies and other data providers Better decision making Significance of the cadastre Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Future Vision Time Paper Maps Centralized archives Isolated Computing stations No standardization Lack of Collaboration others Digital data Computer networks Web-based applications Distributed services Multi-disciplinary applications ? Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Time Spatially-enablement stages Every country has its own journey Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Time SDI Governance Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics The role is to glue together the technology, organizations and information that comprise an SDI The setting, application and enforcement of rules that determine how a group works together to achieve common goals. Processes and institutions to define and manage agreed policies, technologies, standards, practices, protocols & specifications and to monitor the SDI. Governance People Technology ( Information ) resources Governance Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Governance contexts Societal governance • purpose - to ensure improved outcomes in public goods and service delivery • scope – society • exercised by – state, increasing inclusive of on behalf of - society • purpose - to direct, supervise, monitor operational management of corporation • scope – organisation • exercised by - board • on behalf of - organization owners/stakeholders • purpose - to enable inclusive effective decision-making about an organization’s IT resources • scope – organisation • exercised by - designated IT stakeholders • on behalf of - organizations managers and shareholders Corporate governance IT governance SOA governance • purpose - to support decision-making about design and operation of shared infrastructure • exercised by - designated stakeholders of an infrastructure • scope - within an organization • scope - increasingly across organizational and jurisdictional boundaries •on behalf of - stakeholders (operators, users) SDI governance (Box 2008) Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Spatial Enablement – Experiences & Activities Convergence theme GSDI 11 Conference, 2009, NL Victorian State Australia Asia-Pacific PCGIAP GSDI Association Victorian Spatial Council Victorian Spatial Strategy 2008-2010 UN Resolution, 2006 for SEG and VSDI SEG International Workshop, Korea 2007 (jointly with GSDI) SEG Working Group Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Victorian Spatial Information Strategy 2008-2010 Spatially Enabled Victoria •Elements: •governance •custodianship •framework information •business information •data quality •metadata •awareness •access •pricing and licensing •privacy •strategic development of technology and applications • • • Public Private High Low Low High Low Low High High 4 scenarios of the effects of different levels of private and public sector engagement: Public Private High Low Low High Low Low High High Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics 17th United Nations RCC-AP, Bangkok, 18-22 September 2006 Resolution: SDI to support spatially enabled government Recommendation: Member Nations develop a better understanding and pursue the principles of designing SDIs to support spatially enabled government. Asia and the Pacific UNSD_second_banner PCGIAP_logo copy GSDI Perspective GI Society: A Partner in Setting the Global Agenda SDI Convergence Canada Americas Africa Asia / Pacific Europe SDI regions FAO Global society UNISEF Water Forum World Bank WHO UN Habitat SLIDE 28 The time is now ripe to bring together all these successes from the different regions throughout the world, and also between the other spatial communities. Building bridges between these successful SDI initiatives form a main opportunity for the SDI communities. This process will generate dynamics for the cooperation of the SDI communities with other communities in the spatial society. This bridge building and SDI convergence process is the central theme of the GSDI 11 conference which will be held in Rotterdam in June 2009. The GSDI 11 conference starts with a bridge building process between SDI communities and other spatial societies association which will lead to an convergence process in our Spatial society. play a facilitating role in this bridge building and SDI convergence process. The challenge and opportunity for us all is to make use of all these successes to create a global agenda with the other partners for solving big societal problems such as urban sprawl, sustainable development, water management, urban and rural poverty problems, environmental issues GSDI 11 Conference The Netherlands June 15 – 19 2009 GSDI 11 World Conference Spatial Data Infrastructure Convergence: Building SDI Bridges to Address Global Challenges . I will now end my presentation with a short video about this big conference which will be organized by the GSDI in cooperation with INSPIRE and the Dutch Space for Geo Information program GSDI 11 Conference Map of the Netherlands, with red dots marking the capitals of the provinces and black dots marking the large cities. The national capital is Amsterdam, and the national seat of government is The Hague (Den Haag) The Netherlands June 15 – 19 2009 In 2009 we will organize the GSDI 11 conference in Rotterdam, The Netherlands from June 15th till June 19th . Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics BD18217_ Vision Current position Mapping Common Paths to achieve the Vision • Requires collective action • Different groups working on different parts of the problem • Together pieces provide potential paths to realising vision • Knowledge managements is required • Treated as integral part of SDI To get from where we are now to where we want to be To assist in collaborative mapping of possible re-usable common paths to a shared vision: Enables the past to be leveraged to achieve a future vision. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics • •Thank you