1 2 3 4 In short, the construction of single methods shown in other lecture(s) can be automatized and we can find plenty of resources online, premade. The most widely used model organism, the better. 5 6 7 Plants have cell walls which is removed by cell wall degrading enzymes. The cell-wall free cell – protoplast – is released. If that contains fluorescently labeled signal (originating from a tissue specific marker) it can be separated by flow cytometer. From the tube of fluorescent cells collected, we can extract RNA and put to microarray or RNAseq to check the expression levels. 8 Some people did such experiments and one can online check the expression of one’s favorite gene (unfortunately, slightly prone of artifacts). 9 In simple words: Y2H allows us identifying interacting partner of our favorite gene. 10 11 Tandem affinity purification is better and becomes more and more popular: identifies whole complexes. 12 13 Example how to work with databases. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 CRISPR – an elegant and rapidly developing technology which allows specific editing of your gene. Everybody lieks CRISPR nowadays. 21 22 23 24 25 26 Automatized detection of leaf shape area and its quatification. 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 The phenotypic variation was 3 times associated with ecotypes having polymorphisms (“mutations”) in gene AT5G23060 above given threshold, that’s too unlikely to be an accident. 39 You can test it by complementation (transforming with wild type DNA).. 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 About an ambitious high throughput initiative in human. 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 Few words about systems biology. An effort to use advanced mathematics to model – “understanding everything in organism at once’’. 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 Example of module – simplifying the models. 63 64 65 66 67