__Stance Adverbial« meanings and examples_
J Episteraic (certainty and doubt, actuality and        | Attitude (evaluation, assessment) [ Style
reality, source of knowledge, limitation, viewpoint or perspective, imprecision)		-
Exami	ties of prepositional phrases functioning as adverbial«	
without doubt             according to X in fact                      in many cases in my view                 from their perspective in the opinion ofX	in truth                      (somewhat) to my surprise in general in the main on the whoie	in all honesty (INF) in technical terms
Examples of adverbs and adverb phrases functioning as adverbial«		
certainly perhaps undoubtedly maybe probably                 very likely actually evidently typically apparently definitely	most surprising overall hopefully unfortunately largely mainly generally universally	honestly literally technically speaking / -ly speaking seriously indeed
Examples of other phrases etc. functioning as adverbial«		
no doubt	it is to be hoped / expected... (that)	to be perfectly honest speaking of X more simply put to put this...
Examples of subordinators /with rest of clause omitted i functioning as adverbial«		
as estates rather than, sooner than, because		if
Enumeration and Addition
Summation
Apposition
Linking Adverhialss meanings and examples
Result and Inference
Contrast and Concession
Transition
for one thing in addition
in the first instance / place
Examples of prepositional phrases functioning as adverbiats
in summary in conclusion, in brief in short on balance as a rule
in other words for example such as
as a result
in consequence
in contrast
by comparison / contrast on the one hand/on the other
by the way (INF) with reference to X regarding X in the next section
Examples of adverbs and adverb phrases functioning as adverbials
First(ly), secondly)... lastly, finally similarly
moreover, additionally
besides
furthermore
then
basically
essentially
ultimately
likewise
overall
so
consequently thus
therefore hence (FML)
though
alternatively
however
admittedly
conversely
instead
nevertheless / nonetheless
incidentally
Examples of other phrases, subordinators. idioms etc- functioning as adverbials
what is more
to conclude to summarise all in all altogether by and large
i.e.
e.g-
to put this another way if I might rephrase that
to infer
as if, as though, like while, whilst, whereas be that as it may
as far as-X"is concerned as for X to tum to X meanwhile talking of X
Edward de Chazal. References: Biber, D. et al (2002) Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Longman: Harlow; Biber, D. et al (1999) Longman Grammar ofSpoken and Written English. Longman: Harlow
Circumstance Adverbials iMotv? Where? When? Whtf? Motv much/lona...?\: meanings and examples
Place ^distance, direction, position ft	Time (point in time, duration, frequency, time relationships)	Process (manner, means, agent, instrument)	Contingency (cause, reason, purpose, concession, condition, result)	Degree	Addition & Restriction	Recipient
Examples of prepositional phrases fanetUtniny as adverbial«						
from here to the north in the introduction among local peoples at home throughout the world	in recent years for 12 minutes on occasion after/before that at once at present at the moment by then during	with dignity by air in a careful manner by excluding them with a sharp knife by mammals	of a heart attack because of his heart for show despite monitoring in spite of difficulties as a result owing to	to a limited extent by a small amount	in particular . in addition as well only in terms of X	for single parents to the government for democracies
Examples of adverbs and adverb phrases funetionittff as adverbial*						
jthere, here backwards worldwide universally	thenj Ijusrj nowadays recently afterwards soon occasionally never finally first meanwhile simultaneously	slowly gradually	admittedly	jjusil completely very much partially slightly dramatically partly slightly significantly exponentially entirely	too also only especially particularly additionally	
Examples of other phrases ete. functioning as adverbials						
a long way 100 metres	the following night every day		to...	a bit a small amount	a bit more / less	
	Examples	of subordinators fa>ith rest of clause omitted) functioning as adverbials				
where, wherever,	when, as, after, before,	as, as if, as though,	|becaus4 since, for.	-		
anywhere, everywhere	while, until, since once, till, whenever, whilst, now that, immediately, directly, as soon as, as long as, as and when, the minute	like, just as, much as, however...	though, even though, although, while; fg, unless, so, as, even if, so as to, so that, in order to, in order that, for, with, in that, such that; whereas, while, whilst, except that, save that, but that, not that,			
			as long as, as soon as, (just) in case, in spite of/ despite the fact that, in the event that, lest, on condition that, once, provided / providing (that), whenever, wherever, whether, given / granted (that), supposing (that), if and when