Week 5                                COMPARING AND CONTRASTING


1. Tourism in Costa Rica – Conditional Sentences


We can use conditional sentences to make PROPOSALS.

If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.

We can go to Japan, if we have enough money.


Match the sentences to the correct function.

OFFER         THREAT           SPECULATION         ADVICE         REGRET


1.      If I had more time, I would have shown you more pictures.

2.      If you need anything, I’ll be in my office.

3.      If I were you, I would visit Costa Rica in the summer.

4.      If I’d studied French at school, I’d have had more career opportunities.

5.      If your work doesn’t improve, we’ll have to consider reducing your salary.


Complete the grammar rules:



                  IF CLAUSE

                           MAIN CLAUSE

Zero conditional:



First conditional



Second conditional



Third conditional




Let’s go back to the SWOT of Costa Rica’s ecotourism. Make conditional sentences with your comment
about some of the points.


STRENGTHS:          airport in Liberia- three hours of Miami, biodiversity, different types of
landscapes

WEAKNESSES:      high unemployment, absence of clear rules for investors, unregulated building,
sewage flowed into the ocean

OPPORTUNITIES:  jobs for the unemployed, growth of the country’s income, the president Arias
supports building restrictions

THREATS:               loss of greenery, monkey population threatened, light pollution














Writing conditional sentences in groups: You will be given the first part of a conditional sentence
and your task is to finish it, fold the original first part and pass it to your neighbour. The
neighbour reads the half of the sentence and finishes it, again folds the beginning half and passes
it.


COMPARING AND CONTRASTING


Danish, Norwegian or Swedish?   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pS0Nx-LsXl0

Listen to the comparison. What does Kristina say about the languages?  0.30 – 2.30


Conditional sentences that she used – identify the types and functions:

If you have a strong motivation for any of the three languages, I’ll go for that.

If you have a Swedish grandma, you have Danish friends, go for those.

If you have no particular connection to either language, I would actually go for Norwegian.


Study the following examples and  comparing  different countries.

·        Sweden is similar to Norway in its constitution.

·        Sweden is similar to Norway in that it has a small agricultural area.

·        Norway and Denmark are similar (alike) in that they both have a constitutional monarchy.

·        Denmark, like Finland, has a population of about 5.6 million.

·        With regard to population, Sweden is bigger than Norway.

·        Denmark has a constitutional monarchy, whereas (while) Finland is a republic.

·        Whereas Finland is a republic, Norway has a constitutional monarchy.

·        Denmark has the smallest land area, however, it has the largest percentage agricultural
area.

·        Although Denmark has the smallest land area, it has the largest percentage agricultural
area.

·        The main difference (One of the differences) between Finland and Sweden is that Finland is
a republic, whereas Sweden has a constitutional monarchy.

·        Cairo is no bigger than main European cities.

·         Cairo differs from London in density of population.

                            (Based on: Jordan,R.R.(1996). Academic Writing Course. Londýn: Longman.

                    Hamp-Lyons L. & Heasley B. (1987). Study Writing. CUP. Prepared by J. Kubricka)




Write a few sentences comparing the Czech Republic to other countries.














Similarity


Both X and Y cost € 100.
X is as expensive as Y.
X costs the same as Y.
X is the same price as Y.



X is like Y

X and Y are similar
X is similar to Y
X is the same as Y
X resembles Y

                   with respect to price.
                   as regards price.
                   as far as price is concerned.
                   regarding price.
                   in that the price is the same.
                   in terms of price.
                   in price.



X has a large screen.

                     Similarly, it has a high capacity hard disk.
                     Likewise, it has a high capacity hard disk.
                     Correspondingly, it has a high capacity hard disk.
                     It has a high capacity hard disk, too.
                     It also has a high capacity hard disk.






Contrast

X differs from Y
X is unlike Y
X  and Y differ
X is different from Y
X contrasts with Y

                     with respect to price.
                     as regards price.
                     as far as price is concerned.
                     regarding price.
                     in terms of price.
                     in price.


X costs €100, whereas the Armani costs €200.
X costs €100, while the Armani costs €200.
X costs €100, but the Armani   costs €200.
X costs €100, in contrast to the Armani , which costs €200.
X is more expensive than Y.
X is not as expensive as Y.
X costs more than Y.


X is expensive to buy.

                      On the other hand, it is very fast and has a large screen.
                      In contrast, it is very fast and has a large screen.
                      Conversely, it is very fast and has a large screen.
                      However, it is very fast and has a large screen.

Although X is expensive to buy,
Despite the high price of the X,

                                it is very fast and has a large screen.




Source: http://www.uefap.com/speaking/spkfram.htm







Source: Jordan,R.R.: Academic Writing Course, Longman, London, 1996

Tables  on page 3 and 4 prepared by Hana Němcová