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dle Adl at al. 2012 http://www.sinicearasy.cz/sites/default/files/Juran_Adl2012a.png Využití řas • •Potrava, krmivo, léčiva a potravinové doplňky (Porphyra, Chlorella) •Kosmetika (mořské chaluhy) •Akvaristika (např. Chara) •Výroba agaru (Gelidium) a karagenu (zahušťovadlo, emulgátor a stabilizátor) •Talasoterapie- lázeňství •Výroba biopaliv, biotechnologie •Modelové organismy (nanomateriálové testy) •Bioindikace, kriminalistika… • [USEMAP] 26446vareni-a-stolovanisushi-foto-1.jpg Cyanobacteria, Cyanophyta – Sinice •Prokaryota/G- bakterie •Cyanos = modrý (sinný) •Evolučně staré (3,5 miliard let) •Nemají jádro ani vakuoly •Chybí membránové struktury (ER, Golgiho aparát) •Oxygenní fotosyntéza: vznik před 2,7 miliardami let •Rostlinný typ fotosyntézy – chlorofyl a •Heterocyty (N2-asimilace) •Akinety/Arthrocyty •Aerotopy •Nepohlavní rozmnožování •Hormogonie •Téměř všechny biotopy • [USEMAP] Oscillatoria.jpg algae-pool.jpg Stavba buňky •Volně uložená kruhová DNA •Sinicový škrob •Thylakoidy: membránové váčky s fotosyntetickým aparátem- chlorofyl a (+ betakaroten, xantofyly) •Fykobilizómy s fykobiliproteiny •Karboxyzomy: fixace uhlíku (RUBISCO) analogie pyrenoidů u eukaryot •Ribozomy: translace (syntéza 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wxyLnTz5KPvu6uSk9cJpa3ksjIlwCiUqLLb8j/2Q== Symbiotické vztahy •Cyanobiont ve stélkách lišejníků- rody Nostoc, Gloeocapsa, Chroococcus, Stigonema •Další symbióza s: játrovkami (rod Blasia), hlevíky (Anthoceros), kapradinami (Azolla), nahosemennými (Cycas) •Sinice Nostoc v symbióze s houbou Geosiphon pyriforme •+ primární endosymbióza: vznik chloroplastů! [USEMAP] Systém •Problematická taxonomie •Molekulární metody •popsáno víc než 320 rodů s 2700 druhy • • [USEMAP] Systém •Třída : Cyanobacteria 1. řád Chroococcales - jednobuněční zástupci, kteří žijí buď samostatně nebo se sdružují do kolonií •2. řád Oscillatoriales – jednoduché vláknité sinice •3. řád Nostocales – vláknité sinice s heterocyty, občas s nepravým, ale nikdy s pravým větvením •4. řád Stigonematales – vláknité sinice s heterocyty a s pravým větvením • [USEMAP] Řád Chroococcales • • [USEMAP] http://cfb.unh.edu/phycokey/Choices/Cyanobacteria/cyano_colonies/CHROOCOCCUS/Chroococcus_04_500x387 _turgidus_keweenawalgae.mtu.edu.jpg http://uqu.edu.sa/files2/tiny_mce/plugins/imagemanager/files/4281823/1/Chroococcus1.jpg http://cfb.unh.edu/phycokey/Choices/Cyanobacteria/cyano_colonies/MERISMOPEDIA/Merismopedia_04_600x4 43_nostoc.pt.jpg http://cfb.unh.edu/phycokey/Choices/Cyanobacteria/cyano_colonies/GOMPHOSPHAERIA/Gomphosphaeria_05_6 00x479_.jpg Gomphosphaeria sp. Merismopedia sp. Chroococcus sp. Chroococcus sp. [USEMAP] Řád Oscillatoriales • • http://protist.i.hosei.ac.jp/pdb/images/prokaryotes/oscillatoriaceae/Microcoleus_2.jpg http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/botany_130/diversity/bacteria/images/Oscillatoria.jpg Oscillatoria limosa Microcoleus sp. Výsledek obrázku pro phormidium Phormidium sp. [USEMAP] Řád Nostocales • • http://protist.i.hosei.ac.jp/pdb/images/prokaryotes/nostocaceae/nostoc/sp_07.jpg https://c1.staticflickr.com/3/2570/3960451232_ccc6212d5a.jpg Nostoc sp. Scytonema sp. [USEMAP] Řád Stigonematales • • http://protist.i.hosei.ac.jp/pdb/images/Prokaryotes/Stigonemataceae/sp_30.jpg Stigonema minutum http://cfb.unh.edu/phycokey/Choices/Cyanobacteria/cyano_filaments/cyano_branched_fil/cyano_true_bra nches/FISCHERELLA/Fischerella-01_400x325_plantphys.info_Key55.jpg Mastigocladus laminosus [USEMAP] • • http://oidnes.cz/09/043/maxi/KRC2aade2_131215_2745394.jpg http://img.ct24.cz/cache/616x411/article/39/3818/381720.jpg?1343828938 Keep on smiling J • • • [USEMAP] algae_smiley.jpg