•1
Secondary metabolites
•Katerina Dadakova, Department of Biochemistry
•Figures adopted from Buchanan et al., Biochemistry & molecular biology of plants

Secondary metabolites
2
Diversity of plant natural products

Secondary metabolites
3
Phenolic compounds
Major subclasses of phenolic compounds:
•flavonoids
•flavones
•flavonols
•flavanones
•anthocyanidins
•isoflavones
•chalcones
•stilbenes
•coumarins and furanocoumarins
•lignins and lignans
•naphta- and anthraquinones
•diarylheptanoids

Secondary metabolites
4
Phenolic compounds

Secondary metabolites
5
Phenolic compounds
Flavonoids

Secondary metabolites
6
Phenolic compounds

Secondary metabolites
7
Phenolic compounds

Secondary metabolites
Terpenoids
8

Secondary metabolites
Terpenoids
Terpenoid biosynthesis:
•Biosynthesis of the basic five-carbon unit
•
•Repetitive additions of C5 units
•
•Formation of parent carbon skeletons
•
•Modification of terpenoid skeletons
The prenyltransferase reaction
9

Secondary metabolites
Terpenoids
10
Resin                             Oil stored in a glandular hair                    Plant latex

Secondary metabolites
Terpenoids
11

Secondary metabolites
Cyanogenic glycosides
12

Secondary metabolites
Cyanogenic glycosides
13
Cassava (Manihot esculentum)
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
Almond (Prunus amygdalus)

Secondary metabolites
Cyanogenic glycosides
14

Secondary metabolites
Glucosinolates
15

Secondary metabolites
Glucosinolates
16

Secondary metabolites
17
Alkaloids

Secondary metabolites
18
Alkaloids

Secondary metabolites
19
Alkaloids

Secondary metabolites
20
Alkaloids
Bacteria and yeast have been engineered with a combination of plant and animal genes to produce
isoquinoline alkaloids. Single batch means a co-culture of yeast and bacterium.