C2110 UNIX and programming Lesson 2 -1C2110
UNIX and programming
Petr Kulhanek
kulhanek@chemi.muni.cz
National Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science
Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno
Lesson 2
PS / 2020 Distance form of teaching: Rev2
C2110 UNIX and programming Lesson 2 -2-
Revision
➢ Terminals
➢ Command Line
➢ Remote Access
C2110 UNIX and programming Lesson 2 -3-
Terminals
The command line is accessible directly from text terminals. In the X11 graphical
environment, it is necessary to run a suitable application emulating a text terminal:
➢ gnome-terminal (Terminal)
➢ console
➢ xterm
xterm
console
simple, standard at all
UNIX systems
The default directory is: /home/username
simple, yet highly configurable
gnome-terminal
C2110 UNIX and programming Lesson 2 -4Command
Line
[kulhanek@wolf ~]$
username
computer name
current directory (~ means home directory /home/username)
Prompt - type of user / prompt ($ regular user, # super user, other possible %, >)
place for command
The command is executed by pressing Enter key.
History: Use the up and down arrow keys to scroll through the list of commands you have
already entered. The history command can be reused or modified and then used. The
history is also accessible by command history.
Notation:
$ ls –L
$ ssh wolf01.ncbr.muni.cz ls –l
# apt-get install firefox
Indicates that this is a command line entry. The $ a # character itself is not written into it.
C2110 UNIX and programming Lesson 2 -5Remote
Access
user
local session
user
local session
remote access (ssh, putty)
C2110 UNIX and programming Lesson 2 -6Linux
vs UNIX
UNIX is a trademark in computer science created in Bell's laboratories of the American
company AT&T in 1969. The trademark is currently owned by a consortium The Open Group
and can only be used by systems that are certified under Single UNIX Specification.
There are different systems that are compatible with UNIX to a varying degrees, but they
cannot or do not want to pay license fees, so they often use name variants that refer to the
UNIX name (for example, XENIX, MINIX, Linux), but also can be named differently (for
example, BSD variants OpenBSD, NetBSD, but also Mac OS X etc.). We collectively refer to
them as Unix systems (or unix-like).
GNU/Linux or just briefly Linux is a computer science term for an operating system based
on Linux core. The first version of the kernel was programmed by Linus Torvalds in 1991. He
further actively participates in its development.
Adapted from:
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_%28j%C3%A1dro%29
C2110 UNIX and programming Lesson 2 -7Next
Subject
➢ Basic work with linux
C2110 UNIX and programming Lesson 2 -8-
Content
➢ Kerberos
• authentication tickets, methods of work, basic commands
➢ Commands
• documentation (manual pages), basic detection commands
➢ File system
• structure, differences from MS Windows, relative and
absolute paths, wildcards, basic commands
➢ Remote file transfer
• scp, wget
• data transfer between Unix/macOS OS and MS Windows
(WinSCP)