MAPOVÉ ZDROJE
PŘEDNÁŠKA 2 - 15.10. 2020
Milan Konečný
Overall GMES objectives
EARTH
OBSERVIN
G
SYSTEMS
(space,
airborne, in-
situ)
PUBLIC
POLICIES
(Environment &
Security)
Informatio
n
Needs
(policy
driven)
Space Agencies
In-situ Observing systems
Scientific Community
EO Value Adding Industry
National Governments and
Agencies
European Union Institutions
Inter-Governmental
Organisations (IGOs)
Non Governmental
Organisations (NGOs)
to provide information services to policy-makers
and other users
Virginia PUZZOLO, EC DG
Enterprise-GMES Burreau,
Former GMES – Global
Monitoring of Environment
and Security)
The Copernicus programme supports the
protection of the environment and the
efforts of Civil Protection and civil
security, and contributes to European
participation in global initiatives.
Copernicus offers six different service
lines:
Emergency Management, Atmosphere
Monitoring, Marine Environment Monitoring,
Land Monitoring, Climate Change, and
services for Security applications.
The Copernicus Emergency
Management Service (EMS) provides
actors
with timely and accurate geo-spatial
information derived from satellitebased
remote sensing complemented
by available in situ (non-space) or open
source data.
As an EU service, the EMS’s first
priority is responding to national or
cross-border disasters in Europe and
large-scale disasters outside of the EU.
The Copernicus Emergency
Management Service (EMS) has
two main components:
- Early Warning, EW component
strengthens the preparedness of
national and local authorities for
floods and forest fires, and
- Mapping, as well as a dedicated
component for the validation of the
mapping products.
The EMS Mapping Service
is provided in two modules:
-Rapid Mapping, for rapid service
delivery during the response phase
of crises, and
-Risk & Recovery Mapping, which
is designed for pre- or post-crisis
situations in support of recovery,
disaster risk reduction, prevention,
and preparedness activities.
● On demand
● Standardised
● Hours-days
REFERENCE MAPS
DELINEATION MAPS
GRADING MAPS
VALIDATION
RISK AND
RECOVERY
MAPPING
● On demand
● Tailored to user
needs
● Weeks-months
REFERENCE
MAPS
PRE-DISASTER
SITUATION MAPS
REFERENCE
MAPS
POST-DISASTER
SITUATION MAPS
VALIDATION
EARLY WARNING
● Floods: EFAS
● Forest Fires: EFFIS
CONTINOUS ALERTS
Space Infrastructure
In Situ
Infrastructure
CORE
SERVIC
ES
DOWNSTR
EAM
SERVICES
Users
Security
Emergency
Atmosphere
Marine
Land
AddedValueChain
Overall architecture
Farming
ICZM
Airquality
The Forum GMES 2008 held in Lille on 16-
17 September 2008 marked the launch of
the first GMES services in pre-operational
mode:
Marine Environmental Services
Atmospheric Environmental Services
Land Environmental Services
Support to Emergencies and Humanitarian
Aid
Support to security -related activities
The development of these services is
supported by implementation groups put
in place in the context of the Action Plan
2004 - 2008.
Marine Environmental Services
MyOcean is a project granted by the
European Commission within the 7th
Framework Programme, with the objective
to define and to set up a concerted and
integrated pan-European capacity for
Ocean Monitoring and Forecasting.
The areas of benefit are:
Maritime Security
Oil Spill combat
Marine Resources management
Climate Change
Seasonal Forecast
Coastal Activities
Ice Survey
Water Quality and Pollution.
MyOcean is the last step toward the
GMES Marine Core Service after many
Europe founded programmes such as
POLARVIEW, ECOOP, MARCOAST,
MERSEA, ...
Atmospheric Environmental Services
The prototype atmospheric services of GMES are
currently provided by two cooperating consortia that
operate the PROMOTE GMES Service Element
project funded by the European Space Agency, and
the GEMS project funded by the European
Commission as part of the 6th Framework
Programme for Research, Technical Development
and Demonstration.
The focus of PROMOTE is the delivery of services
to support informed decisions on issues related to
stratospheric ozone depletion, surface UV exposure,
air quality and climate change. Services are based
both on products derived directly from satellite data
and on products from established data assimilation
and modelling systems. Services can be accessed
from PROMOTE website.
The focus of GEMS is to develop new
integrated systems for monitoring the global
distributions of atmospheric constituents
important for climate, and for monitoring and
forecasting constituents affecting air quality
and surface solar radiation, with a focus on
Europe. Trial versions of these systems are
currently being operated, and the products
can be accessed from GEMS website.
From mid-2009, the core services of the
atmospheric component of GMES will be
delivered by a new consortium comprising
most of the partners of the GEMS project and
core production partners from PROMOTE,
following the conclusion of a grant from the
European Commission under the 7th
Framework Programme. These services will
continue and rationalize the provision of the
main sets of data products provided
currently by PROMOTE and GEMS. It is
also expected that the Framework
Programme
will support development of a set of
downstream services that provide useroriented
information based on the coreservice
data products.
Land Environmental Services
Land Environmental Services operationally
provide sound, reliable and affordable land
related geo-information products on the
regional, European and global scale. Their
aim is to effectively support public
authorities of the European Commission
and the EU Member States in the
implementation of the new European
Environmental Directives as well as
international treaties towards adaptation to
Climate Change.
By the combined analysis of data received
from Earth Observation satellites and
ground based measuring networks theses
services provide wide-area and crossboarder
harmonized geo-information
products for a multitude of thematic areas,
like land use / land cover change, soil
sealing, water quality and availability, spatial
planning, forest management, carbon
storage and global food security. Selected
examples of products from various
European regions can be viewed and tested
on the Land Information Services portal.
Fast Track Service / CORINE Land
Cover 2006
Based on previous consolidation results,
the European Environment Agency (EEA)
has added the first Pan-European HighResolution
Land Cover Data to its data
service: a Sealing Layer and a Forest
Layer covering entire Europe. In addition,
the CORINE Land Cover database,
existing since the 1990s, was updated for
the third time for the year 2006.
The ambition is to add further highresolution
layers during the coming years
during the implementation of the Land
Information Core Services
Urban Atlas
Quality of Life in Europe’s cities is being
recorded by the Urban Audit initiative of DG
Regional Cohesion and DG Environment.
The Urban Atlas Core Service Element is to
add a spatial dimension, e.g. to show the
accessibility to green urban areas or to
enable the localization of abstract statistical
parameters (e.g. population density).
Forest Monitoring
Forest Monitoring Services provide innovative,
timely, cost-effective and quality-assured forest
information to support reporting on national and
international policies such as the UN Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the
Kyoto Protocol, the UN Convention on Biological
Diversity (UNCBD), the Ministerial Conference on
the Protection of Forests in Europe (MCPFE) and
processes related to Streamlining European
Biodiversity Indicators by 2010 (SEBI 2010). Making
use of Earth Observation methodologies allows
retrieving spatially explicit information on the state
and development of forests from continental to
regional scale in a cost-efficient way and at proven
high quality.
Water Quality
Water Quality Services address the Water
Framework Directive (WFD) obligating the
EU Member States to manage, monitor
and report the status of the water
resources on river basin scale. The
services focus on identification and
management of nutrient and pesticide
inputs into the water cycle resulting from
diffuse and point sources.
Spatial Development
The Spatial Development Service provides
spatially referenced and consistent geoinformation
for monitoring of urban
structure, urban growth and soil sealing in
support of reporting obligations. Products
describe the pressure, state and impact of
urban land take for integrated spatial
planning.
Environmental Resource Management in
Africa
The Service for Environmental Resource
Management in Africa ensures permanent
access to high quality pre-processed data
for all African countries by using advanced
satellite telecommunication infrastructures.
Products of the service comprise advanced
environmental parameters (in particular
related to vegetation conditions), processed
according to standard procedures, as well
as maps such as land cover maps, forest
maps, etc.
Support to Emergencies and
Humanitarian Aid Services
Support to Emergencies and Humanitarian Aid
services target three main application domains:
Civil Protection: National Civil Protection Services
of Europe, DG ENV (European CP Unit), and more
globally all risk management actors in Europe at
different territorial scales
Humanitarian Aid: DG RELEX, DG ECHO, NGOs
Security crises: European Council, Member States
It addresses all types of disasters: natural disasters
(floods, fires, landslides, storms, earthquakes,
etc.), technological accidents, humanitarian crises
(for instance after a severe drought period),
civilian-military crises.
Data Portal
The Connecte@sy portal offers access to products
delivered by the PREVIEW and RISK-EOS
projects. The goal of this common portal is to
provide a unified access to the products in order to
facilitate the information exchange and sharing
between the service providers and the risk user
community.
In complementary with the existing delivery means
held by the service provider for specific users, the
Connecte@sy portal proposes the following
functionalities at a global level:
The consultation of the available products,
The on-line visualisation and combination of data,
The possibility to retrieve and visualise data in
Google Earth.
Four main types of products:
For headquarters,
decision-makers
and in-field
operatives
In Europe and
worldwide
Reference maps
Assessment maps
Thematic maps
Early warning
Rapid mapping on demand in case of
humanitarian crises, natural disasters, and
man-made emergency situations within &
outside Europe
ERCS 1st priority
Reference maps
available within 6 hours
over crisis area
Damage assessment
maps available within 24
hours & daily updated
Situation maps and
forecasts of evolution of
situations within the few
days-weeks after crisis
INSPIRE
Infrastructure for
Spatial Information in
Europe
users
institutional
agreements
policy
&
standa
rds
source
s
technol
ogy
networ
k
Spatial Data
Infrastructures
I
databa
ses
metad
ata
The term Spatial Data
Infrastructure (SDI) is used to
encapsulate the technologies,
policies, institutional
arrangements, financial and
human resources that facilitate
the availability, access and
effective usage of geographic
data.
The SDI provides the means for
discovery, access and
application of spatial data for
SDI technologies consist of a set of data
services that provide geographic data and
their attributes.
Services and data are documented with
meta-data which that subsequently offer the
means
to discover, visualise and evaluate the data
through the Web. Additionally, methods are
provided to access the data. Applications are
built to solve specific needs on the data
service layer.
The INSPIRE de facto begun in
September 2001, than the first
INSPIRE, or at that time the E-ESDI
Expert group, was convened in
Brussels.
The most important step: on 11 April
2002 Memorandum of
Understanding between
Commissioners Wallstróm, Solbes,
Busquin titled Infrastructure for
Spatial Information in Europe
(INSPIRE) has been signed
Directive 2007/2/EC of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 14 March
2007 establishing an Infrastructure for
Spatial Information in the European
Community (INSPIRE) was published in
the official Journal on the 25th April 2007.
…into force on the 15th May 2007,
implemented in various stages, fully by
2019.
Appendixes 1-3 with obligatory Data
Themes for all EU Member States (MS).
INSPIRE is based on common
principles:
- Data should be collected only once and
kept where it can be maintained most
effectively.
- It should be possible to combine seamless
spatial information from different sources
across Europe and share it with many users
and applications.
- It should be possible for information
collected at one level/scale to be shared with
all levels/scales; detailed for thorough
investigations, general for strategic purposes.
- Geographic information needed for
good governance at all levels should
be readily and transparently available.
- Easy to find what geographic
information is available, how it can be
used to meet a particular need, and
under which conditions it can be
acquired and used.
The INSPIRE concept:
Availability
Accessibility
Legislation rules.
Towards an Infrastructure for Spatial
Information
Standardisa
tion
Harmonisati
on
Integration
From discovery
to Full
Interoperability
• Geodetic
Framework
• Seamless
data
• Quality
insurance
• Certification
• Updating
• Data model
• …
• Metadata
• Discovery
Service
• Data
Policies
• Licensing
Framework
• Coordinatin
g structures
• …
• Catalog
Services
• View
Service
• Query
Service
• Object
Access
Service
• Generalisati
on Services
• Geo-
Processing
services
• …
Current status
Architecture model
Clients
Middleware
ServersFeaturesCoverages
Metadata update
Catalogs
Geo-processing
and catalog Services
Content
Repositories
Other data
e.g., administrative,
statistical, env. reporting
Distributed Geographic
reference data
Service
chaining:
search,
display,
access, e-
commerce,
….
User
applications
Direct
data
access
Access to transformed
data, pictures, maps, reports,
multi-media content
Metadata search and retrieval for
data and services
After the Digital Earth Reference Model
A new strategic approach
• Comprehensive set of policies covering surface
and ground water quality, flood assessment,
marine and coastal areas, soil, etc.
• Right geographical scale i.e. river basin for
water quality and floods
• Sound knowledge based on timely, accurate,
easily accessed, harmonised / interoperable
geospatial and environmental information,
shared across European, national, and local
jurisdictions.
• Increasing shift from sector-based (silos) policy
making towards more integrated, crosssectoral
approaches.
Two Examples:
• Directive on the Assessment and
Management of Floods
• Water Framework
Directive for the protection of all waters
In summary the situation in Europe
• A lot of data but difficult to find because they are poorly
documented
• Even if you find data, it is often not possible to access
because of policy restrictions
• Lack of co-ordination across borders and between levels of
government
• Lack of standards and incompatible information and
information systems
• Even if these barriers are overcome, the data is often not
re-usable or difficult to integrate with other data
LEGAL FRAMEWORK NEEDED
Directive establishing an
infrastructure for spatial
information in the Community -
INSPIRE
INSPIRE Directive 2007/02/EC
The INSPIRE Directive lays down general rules to
establish an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in
Europe for the purposes of Community environmental
policies and policies or activities which may have an
impact on the environment
This infrastructure shall build upon infrastructures for
spatial information established and operated by the
Member States.
Which data/services?
Existing spatial data held by or on behalf of a
public authority operating down to the lowest level
of government when laws or regulations require
their collection or dissemination.
From Commission proposal to Community
Directive implementation
• Preparatory phase (2004-2006)
– Co-decision procedure
– Start of preparation of Implementing Rules
• Transposition phase (2007-2009)
– Directive entered into force 15 May 2007
– INSPIRE Committee starts its activities 26 June 2007
– Continuation of preparation of Implementing Rules
– Transposition into national legislation 15 May 2009
– Adoption of Implementing Rules by Comitology
• Implementation phase (2009-2013)
– Implementation and monitoring of measures
– Continuation of preparation of Implementing Rules
– Adoption of Implementing Rules by Comitology
INSPIRE Components
• Metadata
• Interoperability of spatial data
sets and services
• Network services (discovery,
view, download, invoke)
– Made available trough the
European geo-portal
• Data and Service sharing (policy)
• Coordination and measures for
Monitoring
& Reporting
Interoperability and harmonisation
of spatial data sets and services
The development of INSPIRE Implementing rules for
the interoperability and, where practicable,
harmonisation of spatial data sets and services
follow a two-step approach:
1) Development of conceptual framework and specification
methodology:
• DS-D 2.5 Generic Conceptual Model (GCM),
• DS-D 2.6 Methodology for Specification Development…
2) Development of data specifications for each data theme
• Based on the conceptual framework and specification methodology, and
based on the INSPIRE roadmap.
What is INSPIRE?
European legislation
“Infrastructure for Spatial
Information in the European
Community”
Generalrulesforestablishment
Environment
Distributed infrastructure
27 countries
21 languages
The Copernicus Emergency
Management Service (EMS)
provides actors
with timely and accurate geo-spatial
information derived from satellitebased
remote sensing complemented
by available in situ (non-space) or open
source data.
As an EU service, the EMS’s first
priority is responding to national or
cross-border disasters in Europe and
large-scale disasters outside of the EU.
Scope INSPIRE Directive
• General rules to establish an infrastructure for
spatial information in Europe
– Community environmental policies
– Policies or activities which impact on the
environment
• To be based on SDIs established and operated
by the Member States
• Does not require collection of new spatial data
Types of documents produced by INSPIRE
• INSPIRE Directive
• Implementing Rules Legislative
Acts
• Draft Implementing Rules and
Guidelines
• Technical reports and supporting
material
Metadata
• INSPIRE Metadata Regulation published 4th
December 2008
• Two years for Member States to create metadata
for Annex I and II, 5 years for Annex III.
• Maintenance of Technical Guidelines based on
user feedback
• Metadata editor publicly available as part of
prototype INSPIRE geo-portal
– to test technical coherence and
compliance with ISO standards
– to support MS in creating metadata
compliant with regulation
– plan to assess the need for a
Multilingual Open Source version so
that it can be downloaded by users
and extended by thematic
communities
Network Services
• Discovery and View Services
– Draft Commission Legislation: Draft Regulation on INSPIRE Discovery
and View Services
– Finalization and publication expected by the end of the year
– Initial Operating Capability foreseen as part of the regulation
• Transformation Service
– Network Services Drafting Team has finalised the next version of their
proposal for Transformation service Implementing Rules and the
accompanying Technical Guidelines for the coordinate transformation.
– Taking into account the comments received from the SDICs and LMOs
– The Draft Legislation is currently being prepared by the European
Commission for submission to the INSPIRE Committee.
– The Draft Implementing Rules, the Technical Guidelines and the
comments resolution document are publicly available as of 25
September 2009.
Network Services
• Invoke Services
– Technical Report on the state of play for
service invocation.
– Network Service Drafting Team will start
activity on this service
– As more and more geo-processing
services become available, the issues of
how to chain them is increasingly
important to move from a data-centric to
an information-centric SDI, able to
respond to much wider user base.
– Several important research issues to
address including better documentation
of services, quality and trust,
dependencies, rights management, etc.
Annex I data specifications
• Developed by 8 Thematic Working Groups
since 2008-12
• Intermediate documents subject to
consultation and testing by stakeholders
• V3 of data specifications for Themes of Annex I
published on 2009-09-07
• The Draft Legislation is currently being
prepared by the European Commission for
formal submission to the INSPIRE Committee
(meeting 2009-12-14)
Data specifications – Content
• Application schema in UML
– spatial object types
– attributes & attribute values
– relationships between spatial objects
– constraints
• Rule for geographical referencing
• Rules for unique identifiers for spatial objects, derived from
national identifiers
• Theme specific metadata (including data quality)
• Simple portrayal rules for the INSPIRE View
Network Service
Data and Service Sharing between
Member States and Community
Institutions and Bodies
• Member States to adopt measures for the sharing of data and
services between public authorities for public tasks relating to the
environment without restrictions occurring at the point of use. Such
measures are open to international bodies and Community
institutions and bodies
• Public authorities may charge, license each other and Community
institutions provided this does not create an obstacle to sharing.
• When spatial data or services are provided to Community
institutions for reporting obligations under Community law relating
to the environment then this will not be subject to charging.
• Member States shall provide the institutions and bodies of the
Community with access to spatial data sets and services in
accordance with harmonised conditions.
• The regulation on these harmonised conditions has now been
approved by the INSPIRE Committee. Best practice and guidelines
allow to identify measures that are successful in ensuring and
maintaining quality of data as well as increasing access and us
Monitoring and Reporting
• Monitoring and Reporting IR approved by INSPIRE
Committee in December 2008, published in OJ
11th June 2009.
• Quantitative indicators on the progress of the SDI
in the member states and qualitative reports
about implementation experiences and benefits
will enrich our collective knowledge in SDI
assessment.
• Workshop with Member States Contact Points for
INSPIRE focusing on Monitoring and Reporting
scheduled on 2009-11-16
Interoperability of spatial data sets and services
Annex II, III
• Principles of process:
– Open, participatory and transparent process
– Involvement of stakeholders and relevant thematic
experts and communities at all steps
– Call for manifestation of interest was launched on
05/11 on
http://inspire.jrc.ec.europa.eu/index.cfm/newsid/4
140
• Closing date for nominating experts 14/12/2009
• For submitting reference materials 31/01/2010
– Prior registration as SDIC required
Call for participation in Annex II&III data
specification development
• Renewed EC INSPIRE website
• Web 2.0 INSPIRE Forum website
http://inspire-forum.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
• Bring national and thematic workshops addressing
INSPIRE aspects under Forum umbrella
– Organizing an event relevant for INSPIRE
development or implementation? Apply for
it to be recognized as an INSPIRE Forum
event!
Relationship between the first and second generations of
SDIs.
(by Williamson Rajabifard, Binns, 2007, reprinted from
Roles of national governments, subnational governments
and the private sector in SDI development over the part
decade.(by Williamson Rajabifard, Binns, 2007 reprinted
from Rajabifard at al.2006 with permission of the
Current roles of national governments, subnational
governments,
and the private sector in SDI development (by Williamson
Rajabifard, Binns, 2007, reprinted from Rajabifard at al.2006
with permission of the International Journal of GIS).
DĚKUJI ZA POZORNOST
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