Mapové zdroje
přednáška č. 5
5. listopadu 2020
Prof. Dr. Milan KONEČNÝ
Dr. Radim ŠTAMPACH, Ph.D.
1. GEO a GEOSS
2. Global Map – Globální mapování
3. Geospatial Data Infrastructure – Geoprostorová datová
infrastruktura
4. Digital Earth – Digitální (planeta) Země
5. Future Earth - Budoucí Země
6. Naše projekty
GEO, GEOSS
Milan KONECNY
Introduction: responding to global challenges
Scientific understanding of the Earth system and its
physical, chemical and biological components continues
to improve every year. But more data is urgently needed
for monitoring trends and predicting how physical
and ecological systems will evolve.
As humanity places ever greater demands on the Earth’s
resources over the coming years and decades, a greater
ability to understand global change and predict how
natural systems will respond to human activities and
policies becomes ever more vital.
Recognizing the need for better environmental
information, political leaders at the 2002 World
Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg
called for urgent action on Earth observation.
Earth observation summits in Washington, Tokyo and
Brussels and declarations by three of the annual Group
of Eight (G8) summits built on this momentum.
Acting on a clear international consensus, Ministers
established GEO in 2005 with a mandate to build a
Global Earth Observation System of Systems, or
GEOSS.
The cross-cutting data, decision-support products and
end-to-end information services
that are increasingly available through GEOSS are
improving the ability of governments to promote
“green” economic growth, manage natural ecosystems
and resources, ensure food security for a global
population that may reach nine billion people by mid-
century,
respond more effectively to disasters, and address
climate change, biodiversity loss and other global
challenges.
GEOSS
10-Year Implementation Plan
Agriculture.
Over the past three years, the Global Agriculture
Monitoring Community of Practice has attempt to
establish a Global Agricultural Monitoring System of
Systems.
The GEO Joint Experiment on Crop Assessment and
Monitoring (JECAM) has established seven pilot sites
around the world to assess common data standards,
cropland modeling methods, and future Earth
observation requirements.
The Societal Applications in Fisheries & Aquaculture
using Remotely Sensed Imagery (SAFARI) project
has identified and promoted urgent actions to
strengthen the application of satellite information
to fisheries and aquaculture research and
management.
Biodiversity.
Established in 2007, the GEO Biodiversity Observation
Network (GEO BON) consists of dozens of government
agencies and intergovernmental and international
organizations.
Based on a regularly updated implementation plan,
GEO BON coordinates the gathering of data and the
delivery of information. One of
the first products was the Continuous Plankton
Recorder Survey.
Other information Products based on GeoBon:
visualization tool for African protected areas and
a number of directories of global datasets on
freshwater biodiversity and ecosystems.
GEO BON’s role and importance have been
recognized by the Convention on Biological
Diversity, which has also requested that it
prepare an evaluation of existing observation
capabilities relevant to the targets contained in
the Convention’s Strategic Plan for 2011-2020.
Climate.
The GEO Global Carbon Observation and Analysis
System is now bringing together systems and experts
that monitor carbon flows on land, in the oceans and
in the atmosphere.
Particular progress has been made on establishing a
Forest Carbon Tracking system, which has established
at least 10 national or regional “demonstrators” with
support from a coalition of governments and
institutions.
Other important progress includes continued outputs by
major data-reanalysis projects based in Europe, Japan and
the USA; reinvigoration of efforts to reprocess various data,
especially from space, into climate data records;
The 2010 update of the Global Climate Observation System
(GCOS) Implementation Plan; the World Climate Research
Programme’s (WCRP) launch of two major modeling
experiments (CMIP5 and CORDEX) to provide decade- and
century-long climate predictions on global and regional
scales; outputs from an intensive research programme to
improve seasonal prediction worldwide; and the
invigoration of the ClimDev Africa project with a $30
million grant from the African Development Bank.
Disasters.
A number of operational systems for supporting
disaster response have made steady to strong progress.
Collaborative ‘’Supersites’’ have been established so
that the scientific community can monitor and analyze
volcanoes and earthquakes more rapidly and
effectively; for example, Supersites have improved
assessments of recent earthquakes in Haiti, China and
Chile. SERVIR provides mapping and for disaster
response and has assisted countries in Central America
and the Caribbean to respond to hurricanes,
earthquakes and other extreme events;
SERVIR is now in the process of expanding its support to
other regions, notably Africa and the Himalayas.
Other advances include the development and
contribution to GEOSS of global, regional and national
early-warning and detection systems for forest fires;
improved access for GEO Members to the International
Charter on Space and Major Disasters and the satellite
data it provides for countries of South East Asia and
Latin America and, soon, Africa; and ongoing
observations and reports on floods, landslides and
other disasters by Sentinel Asia.
Showcase: Better knowledge about geohazards
The Geohazard Supersites initiative is a global scientific
collaboration that aims to improve scientific
understanding of the risks of earthquakes and volcanic
events in selected regions. The Supersites currently
being addressed are L’Aquila, Chile, Etna, Haiti, Istanbul,
Los Angeles, Naples (Vesuvius), Seattle/Vancouver and
Tokyo.
The geohazard community is also working on
establishing an earthquake Supersite for the disastrous
2008 earthquake in Wenchuan, China, to better
understand China’s worst disaster in the last 30 years.
The Supersites partnership consists of the providers of
ground-based geophysical data, such as seismic and GPS
data; space agencies, which provide satellite radar and
other Earth observation data; along with scientists and
decision makers who use and analyze these data.
The initiative provides a cyber-infrastructure platform
with a single web entry point that allows fast, easy and
free-of-charge access to a complete satellite and
ground-based geophysical data set derived from diverse
sources and geophysical disciplines.
The Supersites complement the International Charter on
Space and Major Disasters, which provides
imagery for search and rescue operations.
Ecosystems
• Ecosystems. GEO has made important progress on
developing a standardized, robust and practical
classification and map of global ecosystems for
terrestrial, marine, and freshwater environments.
• Ecosystem maps for South America, the US and SubSaharan
Africa have been completed and are available
as a framework for both researchers and managers.
Global tree cover maps at 250m resolution are under
development, and nearly
• 14,000 Landsat samples from 1990, 2000, and 2005
are being analyzed to detect changes in forested area
• for the benefit of forest resource managers.
Other ecosystem mapping projects continue to
advance, such as
one on ecosystem vulnerability to climate change,
which includes the vulnerability of sea basins
(notably the EnviroGRIDS project on the Black Sea)
and of mountain regions.
Energy
• A number of data bases providing information on
solar resources have been developed, including
the European Solar Radiation Atlas, SoDa and
Envisolar; efforts are ongoing to make these data bases
fully comparable.
A service for siting solar power plants has been
established to provide data on time-averaged values
of solar irradiance from which basic economic
assessments can be made; in particular, the service
supports the site selection process for large solar
energy systems such as photovoltaic installations
placed on open land.
The EnerGEO project is using satellite data and
environment and energy models to make a global
assessment
Of the current and future impact of the exploitation
of energy resources on the environment and on
ecosystems.
Other energy initiatives, such as those for wind
power and carbon-capture-and-storage, have been
launched.
Health
• Working through local, regional, and international
partners, the GEO community is developing a
portfolio of services to help decision-makers use Earth
observation data and information to prevent diseases
and improve public health.
Some of these services involve supporting a meningitis
vaccination and control effort in Africa (MERIT) by
linking forecasts of an extended dry season in the Sahel
with disease outbreaks;
monitoring global atmospheric mercury to establish a
forecasting and alert system on health problems
Related to mercury;
providing air-quality forecasts using on-the-ground
monitoring stations, currently for 300 US cities,
Shanghai (China), and soon for other cities; and using
open-source software and space imagery to track
potential outbreaks of epidemics.
Water
• GEO has advanced the integration of observations
from satellites and in-situ instruments, strengthened
collaboration within and between the water research
and management communities, and promoted
capacity building.
• The Asian Water Cycle Initiative has boosted regional
cooperation on water monitoring, and the model is
now being extended to Africa. The Latin American &
Caribbean Community has launched a capacity
building program to demonstrate the value of Earth
observations in water resource management and to
• develop tools for applying remote sensing data.
The North American Drought Monitor has
generated improved regional drought assessments.
The United States and Canada have inaugurated pilot
drought monitoring test bed projects as a first step
towards a Global Drought Early Warning System.
The TIGER program is realizing improvements in the
use of Earth observation data for water-resources
management in Africa. The Coordinated Energy and
water cycle Observations Project has improved
access to integrated observational and model data
through 50 reference sites around the world.
Weather
Weather monitoring and forecasting, which is
traditionally the most mature sector for operational
information based on Earth observations, continues to
make important advances under the leadership of
WMO.
Collaboration through GEO has focused on improving
the prediction of severe weather conditions. In
particular the THORPEX Interactive Grand Global
Ensemble, or TIGGE, has advanced its goals of
improving the accuracy of high-impact weather
prediction.
Based on ensembles containing more than 100 model
outputs, TIGGE aims to make predictions available to
decision makers in user-friendly formats with
minimum time delay.
The next step is to develop a common toolbox that
can be used to develop probabilistic tropical-cyclone
warning
services, extreme-precipitation forecasts and other
products.
Critical next steps for seeing GEOSS through to
the end of the GEOSS 10-Year Implementation
Plan for2005 – 2015 and beyond are:
• Continue to engage policymakers and managers in using and guiding
GEOSS. The true value of GEOSS :
• is its ability to support decision-making. As a key user group, senior
policymakers can help to
• ensure that GEOSS addresses the UN’s Millennium Development
Goals and other priority issues facing
• the global community.
• Ensure that environmental experts come to consider GEOSS and its
Common Infrastructure
• as a unique and essential tool for accessing Earth observations.
Strong, high-level support from
• governments and leading organizations is vital for maintaining the
momentum generated by GEO and
• ensuring that GEOSS becomes recognized as a vital infrastructure
that serves the global public good.
• Building the capacity of users to exploit GEOSS is also essential.
• Develop a longer term strategy for sustaining GEOSS
by attracting resources from public and
• private sources, supporting capacity-building,
strengthening national Earth observation programs,
• maintaining the GEOSS shared architectural and
information infrastructure components, and nurturing
• the collective spirit.
• Establish a governance structure for the post-2015 period. Early
guidance in Beijing will help to
• ensure a smooth transition to a longer-term approach to global
cooperation on Earth observation.
Operational View
How users access GEOSS data and information
via the GEO Portal
• The “GEOSS Common Infrastructure” consists of a dedicated web portal,
a clearinghouse for
• searching data, information and services, and a registry containing
information about GEOSS. It
• provides a “one-stop shopping” portal to help the users of Earth
observations access and search
• for information more easily. After almost two years of development, in
July of this year the GEO
• community formalized the arrangements by which leading institutions
will operate and sustain
• the GEO Portal and its underlying clearinghouse and registry.
Making the System of Systems interoperable
• The observing, modelling and other systems that contribute
to GEOSS must be interoperable so that the data and
information they generate can be used effectively. The
Committee on Earth Observation Satellites is promoting
interoperability through the Virtual Constellations concept.
• Another initiative seeks to integrate via the Sensor Web
approach, while yet another aims to facilitate model
interoperability and access via the Model Web concept. The
World Meteorological Organization Information System (WIS)
uses interoperability standards that are also specified in the
GEOSS 10-Year Implementation Plan; this enables GEOSS and
WIS to leverage each other’s components to their mutual
benefit.
Advocating for sustained global observing systems
• To achieve its goal of providing integrated
information on the entire Earth system, GEOSS
depends
• on the health and vitality of major global observing
systems. For this reason, GEO actively advocates
• for sustaining major observing systems for climate,
oceans, land, weather and polar regions.
Four major UN-sponsored global observing systems
provide a critical underpinning for GEOSS. They are
the:
Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), the Global
Ocean Observing System (GOOS), the Global
Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS) and the WMO
Global Observing System (GOS). Their work is
complemented by the International Polar Year 2007-
2008 (IPY) legacy project, with a focus on the
cryosphere,
and the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS).
Strengthening the linkages amongst these systems
and raising their overall visibility will support the
efforts of researchers and decision makers in all nine
of the GEOSS societal benefit areas.
Establishing the GEONETCast Global Data Dissemination System
• Reliable access to environmental data is critical for decision making.
GEONETCast assures this
• access by broadcasting data from dozens of leading data providers
to decision makers around the
• world. The data are transmitted via advanced communications
satellites to thousands of low-cost,
• off-the-shelf receivers. GEONETCast also provides dedicated training
and alert channels for capacity
• building and risk reduction, particularly in developing countries.
Protecting radio frequencies for Earth observations
• Growing demand on radio spectrum by telecommunications, the
automotive industry and other
• users of radio frequencies has raised the specter of competition
over limited bandwidth. GEO
• members are therefore continuously working through national and
international bodies in charge
• of frequency management to ensure the long-term availability of
frequencies for terrestrial, oceanic,
• air-borne and space-based observations. This is absolutely vital to
the success of GEOSS.
Implementing the GEOSS Data Sharing Principles
Recognizing the importance that full and open access to data has for
the success of GEOSS, the GEOSS 10-year Implementation Plan
established a visionary set of Data Sharing Principles.
These Principles aim to ensure that the data and information
developed and disseminated through GEOSS yield significant benefits
for a broad range of users around the world.
Over the past five years,
substantial progress has been made, not only in
reaching a consensus on how best to implement
the Data Sharing Principles, but also in demonstrating
how full and open data sharing can help
the GEO community to achieve its goals in the nine
societal benefit areas.
From observations to information products and services
Observation data provide great value, but combining data from different
sources and then analyzing and modelling them can greatly enhance their
usefulness for decision making.
GEO has made significant progress in bringing together many diverse
datasets and engaging scientific and technical experts to generate this
added value.
Continuing progress will require more and more
agencies and organizations to work together to adopt common standards
for integrating and
analyzing all types of data.
Promoting “data democracy” around the world
The term ‘data democracy’ was coined in 2008 by the South African
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) as the title of a
special project during its year as Chair of the Committee on Earth
Observation Satellites (CEOS).
It has since become a mantra among research and development
communities in the Earth observation domain.
In 2009, Data Democracy was approved as a new GEO Task in the
framework of GEO’s work on capacity building, infrastructure
development and technology transfer.
The data democracy theme calls for:
• Unhindered access to Earth observation information;
• Reliance on Open Source Software and open systems;
• Recognition of the realities of bandwidth limitations in
many developing countries; and
• Promotion of locally initiated cross-border
collaborative projects and intensive capacity building
and training programs.
Building a Global Earth Observation System of
Systems (GEOSS)
5th Jubilee International Conference
on Cartography & GIS
Barbara J. Ryan
Director, GEO Secretariat
16 June 2014
Varna, Bulgaria
A Global, Coordinated, Comprehensive and Sustained
System of Observing Systems
GEOSS
• Improve and Coordinate Observation Systems
• Advance Broad Open Data Policies/Practices
• Foster Increased Use of EO Data and Information
• Build Capacity
GEO Objectives
Created in 2005, to develop a coordinated and sustained
Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) to
enhance decision making in nine Societal Benefit Areas
(SBAs)
GEO today:
91 Members
77 Participating
Organizations
© GEO Secretariat
77 Participating Organizations
A broad Commercial Sector spans the entire information value chain
Data
providers
Value-Added providers
Downstream
users
Ecosystem Classification & Mapping
(Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, China, EC,
Italy, Paraguay, USA, RCMRD, UNESCO)
* SHARE mountain stations
operational
* All ecosystem mapping
data available; DataCORE
* New maps of growing
season
* Atlas of 40 Chinese
World Heritage Sites
* Decision-making support:
ABCC program
© GEO Secretariat
Advanced Land-Cover Products
(Canada, China, EC, Greece, Japan, Netherlands, Nigeria,
Spain, Sweden, UK, USA, Spain, EEA, ESA, GTOS, ISPRS)
* Global 30m products
* Major land cover types
(eg. wetland)
* Independent validation
databases
* Global Land Cover Portal
* Growing int’l consensus
Global Forest Information System
(Australia, Canada, Japan, Norway, USA, CEOS, FAO)
* Forest Carbon
Tracking ongoing
* Demo in 12
countries (Congo)
* Coordinated space
data acquisition
* In-situ validation
* Regional capacity
building growing
(US Silvacarbon)
Mexico
In-situ forest measurements
Columbia
Global & Local Urban Footprints
(China, EC, Germany, Greece, Italy, Pakistan, USA)
* 35-yr evolution of
26 mega-cities
* Global night-time
lights for 2012
* Urban Heat Island
patterns
* Over 3’700 cities
mapped using
ASTER (15m)
Manila
Monthly Wheat Prices
1960-2011
Nominal wheat price in US $/Metric Ton
2008 Price hikes
Droughts:
Australia &
Ukraine
2010/11 Price hikes
Drought:
Russia
Landsat 1
Launched (1972)
1971/2’s price
hike
Today
3x
Source: World Bank
Crop Information for Decision-Making
(Canada, China, EC, France, Japan, Kazakhstan, India,
Mexico, Russia, USA, CEOS, FAO)
* GEOGLAM part
of G20 Action
Plan on Food
Price Volatility
* New crop outlook
* Rice crop
monitoring
* Draft space
strategy
GEOSS Common Infrastructure
GEOSS Resources
-
10,000,000
20,000,000
30,000,000
40,000,000
50,000,000
60,000,000
70,000,000
Resources
Resources 300 100,000 1,002,000 14,000,000 65,000,000
2010 2011 (Sep) 2011 (Nov) 2012 (Nov) 2014 (Apr)
Introduction of the
Brokering approach
GEOSS Current Assets (May 2014)
Space
TimeGEOSS
GEOSS
Hypercube
Space Time
Precipitation in Greece
(1946-2013)
GEOSS Targeted Gaps
Large spatial and temporal gaps in specific data sets
Space
Time
West Africa drought observations
(1995–2013)
East Africa drought
observations
(2010 – 2012)
GEOSS Targeted Gaps
Uncertainty over continuity of observations
Large spatial and temporal gaps in specific data sets
Space
Time
West Africa crop prediction
(2014-2015)
West Africa Land Use (1990-
2005)
GEOSS Targeted Gaps
Large spatial and temporal gaps in specific data sets
Space
Time
Precipitation in Africa
(1992-2012)
GEOSS Targeted Gaps
Large spatial and temporal gaps in specific data sets
Global water
bodies (1998-
2005)
Space
TimePrecipitation in
Africa (
GEOSS should be making this cube as dense and
transparent as possible GCI
GCI Searches
Crops
obs.
Asia
(2005-
2010) Global Climate
predictions
(2012-2032)
Faults monitoring in South
America (1980-2014)
Ecosystems mapping in
Europe (1987-2010)
Major disasters in South
Asia (1992-2005)
West Africa
Land Use
(SB)
(1990-2005)
GEOSS Implementation Requires:
Data Sharing Principles
• Full and Open Exchange of Data
• Data and Products at Minimum Time Delay
and at Minimum Cost
• Free of Charge or Cost of Reproduction
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Free data policy
October 1, 2008
ScenesinMillions
Increasing Demand for Free Landsat Data
11,898,738 Landsat
Scenes distributed
as of June 2013
• Data delivered to 186 countries
• User shift to multi-year scenes at same location
• Exceeded 11 million scenes to date
Daily Average = 53 scenes best year of sales (2001)
Daily Average ≅ 5,700 scenes web-enabled data delivered
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 12-13
RADARSAT Images Acquired by the Government of
Canada
R1 + R2R1
E
S
T
I
M
A
T
E
D
Radarsat-2
Canada’s Experience
• Continue improving Earth observations worldwide
• Urge the adoption and implementation of data sharing
principles globally
• Advance the GEOSS information system
• Develop a comprehensive interdisciplinary knowledge base
• Cultivate global initiatives
Ministerial Guidance
• Broad open data policies/practices essential for publically funded
collections & must be strengthened
• Economic value in downstream elements – value-added products
and services
• Broader stakeholder engagement needed, including the private
sector
• Strengthen policy linkages/mandates
• National, Regional and International collaboration is essential
Summary
Open worldwide to any non-commercial entity, individual or team (students, scientists and
developers) wanting to unleash the power of Earth Observation data
to allow us all to make smarter decisions.
Be inspired, unleash the power and win cash prizes ($20,000 USD).
Register by Thursday, 31 July 2014 and submit Apps by Sunday, August 31 2014.
Join in www.geoappathon.org
@geosec2025 #geoappathon
GEO-XI Plenary
13-14 November 2014
Libreville, Gabon
Barbara J. Ryan
bryan@geosec.org
http://www.earthobservations.org
Projekt
GLOBAL MAPPING
GLOBÁLNÍ MAPOVÁNÍ
2. Twenty Year Journey in GlobalMapping
ISCGM Secretariat made a presentation about the history of Global Mapping Project and the proposal
on the conclusion of ISCGM, at 23rd ISCGM meeting in New York on August 2,2016.
Chapter 2 reprints this presentation material.
Reliance on Open Source Software
and open systems
Twenty Year Journey
in Global Mapping
Toru Nagayama
ISCGM Secretariat
23rd ISCGM Meeting
New York, 2 August 2016
Contents
1. Introduction of Global Mapping
Project
2. History of Global Mapping Project
3. Outcome of Global Mapping Project
4. Resolution and Global Map Transfer
Plan
1. Introduction of Global Mapping Project
Global Mapping Project
•Develop reliable geospatial information (Global Map)
•Provide a tool to solve global scale problems
•Steered by ISCGM (International Steering Committee for globalmapping)
•Participated by National Geospatial Info. Authorities.
Global Map: Digital geospatial info. at a scale of 1:1 million
National/Regional version: Vector (Boundary, Transport,
Drainage, Population centers), Raster (Elevation, Land use, Land
cover, Vegetation)
Global version: Elevation, Land cover, Vegetation
9
2. History of Global Mapping Project
History of Global Mapping Project
1992-1996: Establishment of ISCGM
1996-2000: TowardGlobal Map
Data Release 2000-2007:
Promotion of Data Development
2008-2013: Development and Release of
Version 2 2013-2016: Facilitate the Use of
Geospatial Information 2016: Conclusion of the
Project
1992-1996: Establishment of ISCGM
1992 Earth Summit “Agenda21”
Proposal of "Global Mapping Concept"
1993
International Workshop
“Resolution of Izumo 1994
Conference”
Start of JICA group training course “Environment
Seminar”
1995
Establishment of ISCGM at the Second
International 1996 Workshop on Global Mapping
First meeting of ISCGM
Agenda21 – Earth Summit (1992)
Chapter 40: Information for Decision-Making
*Various types of data which indicate the status and trends of
global environment need to be collected.
Earth Summit in June 1992: From Ministryof Environmentweb site
（https://www.env.go.jp/）
Global Mapping Concept （1992）
“In order to solve global environmental problems,
what should surveying and mapping community do? “
Global Mapping Concept
Develop geospatial information (Global Map)
that covers the entireglobe
at a scale of 1: 1 million
through international cooperation
The First International Workshop on Global Mapping 1994
The Second International Workshop on Global Mapping 1996
• Todevelop and update Global Map and widely release the data
• Toprovide technical and economic assistance to promote developing Global Map
• Torecommend establishment of International Steering Committee for Global
Mapping (ISCGM)
Second Workshop in February1996
First Meeting of ISCGM（1996）
NMOs should actively release their own geographic data sets
that are necessary and effective for developing global scale
data equivalent to the scale of Global Map.
・Investigate the existence of
global scale data
・Assist undeveloped areas
・Investigate data specifications
・Agenda 21 follow up
・Start strategy planning
1st Meeting of ISCGM in February, 1996
1996-2000: TowardGlobal Map data release
1996 Interregional Seminar on Global Mapping for
the Implementation of Multinational
Environmental Agreements
1997 19th Special Session of UN General Assembly (Rio +
5)
Invitation letter was sent from UN to Member
States
1998 Adoption of Global Map Specifications
1999 Meeting of the Global Map Development in Asia
Declaration of release of Version 1 at
Global Map
2000 Forum
Global Mapping initiative had been introduced to many
people through various activities
・International Global Mapping seminars and forums
・Promotion campaigns at relevant international academic
meetings and international conferences
・Coordination with international organizations
UN Special Session of the General Assembly to Review and
Appraise the Implementation of Agenda 21 (Rio+5) (1997)
”Programme for Further Implementation of Agenda 21”
Necessity of global mapping was mentioned.
UN Letter of Invitation to Join
Global Mapping Project (1998)
plus
Various activities of promoting the
Global Mapping Project
resulted in
Rapid increase in GM Participation
12 countries (1998)→81 countries（2000）
Release of Global Map Version 1（2000）
• Global Map Forum 2000
Hiroshima, Japan November 2000
Declaration of Release of GM Version 1
• Japan
• Laos
• Nepal
• SriLanka
• Thailand
Adoption of Hiroshima GM Declaration
Chairperson declaring first GM release in Nov. 2000
2001-2007: Promotion of data development
2001
2002
2005
2006
2007
Death of Prof. John E. Estes, Chair of ISCGM
Prof. D. R. Fraser Taylor assumed chair
1st Global Mapping Seminar in Kenya
Johannesburg Summit (Rio+10)
Esri Grant programs started.
Intergraph Grant programs started.
1st Global Mapping Seminar in Senegal
Global Mapping Workshop “Use of geospatial information for
mitigating large scale disasters and attaining sustainable
development”
Achieved releasing the data of 47 countries/regions
(about 50% of the land area)
World Summit on Sustainable Development
(Johannesburg Summit, Rio+10) (2002)
•The Adopted “ Johannesburg
Implementation Plan” mentions
“Promotion of Initiative and
Partnership for global mapping”
Johannesburg Summit in 2002
Web site of Ministry of Foreign Affairs
（http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/index.html）
• A symposium “Global Mapping
Partnership –Sustainable
Development and Geographic
Information” organized as a side
event.
Global Mapping Seminars in Africa (2002-2008)
• Nairobi（Kenya）
2002/2003/2004
58 people from 25 countries
participated.
• Dakar（Senegal）
2005/2006/2008
28 people from 11 countries
participated.
A scene from the Third GM Seminar in Dakar,2008
26 countries / regions participated to the Project
18 countries / regions released Global Map data
2009
2010
2011
2012
2008
Global Mapping Forum 2008/Global Map Tokyo Declaration
"Global Map Global Version"ver.1 was released.
Global Map Specifications (ver.2) was adopted.
2013
First release of Global Map ver. 2 (national / regional).
1st UNCE-GGIM
UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20)
"Global Map Global Version"ver.2 wasreleased.
2008-2013: Development and Release of version 2
Release of Global Map Global Version (2008)
• Land Cover (GLCNMO) / Percent Tree Cover (PTC) data
• WG4/ISCGM has mainly developed and 40 countries cooperated
in verification.
PTC Ver.1
GLCNMO Ver.1
Revision of Global Map Specifications (2009)
• Innovation in geospatial information field
• Increase of Global Map data users and a change in user base
•Revision work of Global Map Specification was carried out
from 2007 to 2009.
Major changes between Global Map ver.1 and ver.2
Modification of Data Dictionary
VPF → GML (vector data)
Correspondence of metadata
with International Standards
A scene of discussion at a workshop
Establishment of UNCE-GGIM (2011)
•UNCE-GGIM was launched as a forum for Member States
and international organizations to discuss promotion of
cooperation, improve interoperability, and technical
transfer on global geospatial information.
•ISCGM also joined UNCE-GGIM
as it had carried out the Global
Mapping Project in collaboration
with NGIAs of the world.
•ISCGM Advocated the GM4SD
concept. 1st UNCE-GGIM, October 2011
Rio+20, June 2012 Rio+20 side event “Global Mapping Seminar”
UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20)
• A conference to follow up the Earth Summit after 20 years
274. We recognize the importance of space-technology-based data... In this
context, we note the relevance of global mapping and…
From “the Future We Want” adopted at Rio+20
2014
2015
2013
2013-2016: Facilitate the use of geospatial information
2016
Over the 30 countries released Global Map data as
EuroGlobalMap became OpenData.
Professor Paul Cheung assumed new Chair
Hazard Maps Web Portal site and Catalogue Service were released.
The 3rd WCDRR
Symposium “Application of Geospatial Technology
in Urban Disaster Management“
Global Land Cover NMO Version ver.3 was released.
23rd Meeting of ISCGM / Data transfer ceremony
Release of Hazard Maps Web Portal (2014)
HazardMap
Good Practice
The 3rd WCDRR (2015)
• A conference to make disaster risk
reduction strategies of the world
• Adopted Sendai Framework for Disaster
Risk Reduction 2015-2030.
• Proposed the use of ISCGM portal site as an
index to measure achievement of Sendai
Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
2015-2030.
• Organized a disaster risk reduction
symposium as a pre-event.
3rdWCDRR
Symposium on Applicationof Geospatial
Information Technology In Urban Disaster
Management
3. Outcome of Global Mapping Project
Outcome 1 : Provide a global forum for discussion
on geospatial information
Prof. John E. Estes Prof. D. R. Fraser
Taylor Prof. Paul Cheung
Under the strong leadership of three chairs, a total of 23 meetings
were held to have provided a forum to discuss issues on geospatial
information for collective contribution of NGIAs to the global society.
As of August2, 2016
Outcome 2: Developing Global Map data in
cooperation with NGIAs
Participation: 184 countries and regions
（About 96% of global land area）
Data release: 122 countries andregions
（About 67% of global land area）
Global version: Land cover and Percent
Tree Cover collaborating with NGIAs of
respective countries.
Open data; ISCGM has promoted open
data policy from the start of the project in
1990’s.
Project participatingand
data releasingcountries
Projectparticipating
countries
Outcome 2: Developing Global Map data in
cooperation with NGIAs
Participation
and
Data release
Status
1998-2016
53,329
users
registere
d
Outcome 3: Data dissemination
275,412 Global Map data downloaded
From Nov. 2000 to Jul. 2016
・ 112 people from 60 countries
joined Global Map training in Japan
(1994-2012)
・Global Mapping Seminars in Kenya
and Senegal had 86 people from 36
countries
・ Supported the development of
Global Map data by providing three
kinds of tools for supporting Global
Map data development, and
manuals.
・ESRI/INTERGRAPH grant programs
JICA Training Course onGlobal
Mapping in 1995
Outcome 4: Capacity building
2
3
・Global Mapping project: facilitating develop and use of geospatial information.
・Reference to geospatial information in post-Rio conference documents.
・Calling for geospatial information in other processes such as GGIM, WCDRR
ISCGM: advocator of geospatial information for more than 20 years.
Outcome 5: Facilitate the development and use of
geospatial information
Outcome 6: Supporting international
activities in various fields
・Developping Hazard Maps web portal as a voluntary commitment of WCDRR3
・Application to calculating emission and removal of green house gases
・Provisionof disaster status maps to UNOCHA (ReliefWeb) at the time of disasters
・Material for children’s international exchange education
・Application to Global Flood Alert System（GFAS）,etc….
Summary of the outcomes
・ Twenty-four years have passed since the Earth Summit, which
triggered starting the Global Mapping Project, and Twenty years have
passed since the establishment of ISCGM.
・ 122 countries and regions, covering 67% of whole land
areas released Global Map data as well as Global version
data.
・ISCGM contributed to building capacity of digital mapping technology
of NGIAs, particularly in developing world.
・ ISCGM and all the participating members contributed to the world
through promoting geospatial information including Global Map data.
4. Resolution and Global Map Transfer Plan
Scheme for Implementation of Global Map Data Transfer
The resolution of the 23rd meeting of the ISCGM
It refers to conducting the Global Map transferPlan.
The Global Map transfer Plan (by ISCGM)
It refers to the agreement for detailed term of use.
The agreement between ISCGM and UNGIS
・Basically no restriction within UN operations.
・No attributes in products derived from or using Global Map data.
・Global Map data cannot be released outside the physical control of UN personnel.
・The UNGIS can enrich its databases with Global Map data or merge Global Map data with its
own databases.
Resolution of the 23rd Meeting of the ISCGM
1.Under the understanding that the Global Mapping project is going to conclude in the endof
March 2017, ISCGM agrees not to gather anymore after the 23rdmeeting.
2. ISCGM acknowledges the Global Map transfer Plan and instructs the secretariat to conductit.
3.ISCGM instructs the secretariat to register the contents of the Urban Hazard Maps Web
Portal to the Knowledge Base of UNCE-GGIM.
ISCGM Secretariat will keep its minimum function until Mar. 2017 for carrying out the Global
Map transfer Plan, not continuing the following.
a) Update of the Internet site except the matters related to the report of the 23rdmeeting.
b) Administrating works related to the participation to the project, developing and updating
Global Map data, and soon.
Urban Hazard Maps Web Portal will be closed after completion of registering to Knowledge Base.
Global Map Transfer Plan
1. The secretariat of ISCGM sends the Global Map data to UNGIS on behalf of the organization.
2.Global Map data can be used within the United Nations System without any restriction
including mandatory attribution. The detailed terms of use are described in the agreement titled
“Dissemination and handling in the use of the Global Map data provided from the International
Steering Committee for Global Mapping (ISCGM) to the United Nations Geospatial Information
Section (UNGIS) in support of the United Nationsoperations.”
3.In order to ensure availability of Global Map data on the Web, the secretariat will work to
provide the availability of the data if they are not yet released from the participating
organization. In this case, any user authentication or access logging are notprovided.
This plan is ’opt-in’: this plan is applied according to the agreement by respectiveparticipating
organizations. Otherwise the Global Map data of the organization stays itsown.
ISCGM Secretariat will carry out the actual transfer of Global Map data no later than Mar.2016.
Agreement between ISCGM and UNGIS
1.The International Steering Committee for Global Mapping (ISCGM), representing all its
participating members, provides a copy of its Global Map data to the United Nations Geospatial
InformationSection (UNGIS), free of charge, and authorises perpetually its use in support of the
United Nations operations without any restriction except the ones enumeratedbelow.
2.The Chief of the Geospatial Information Section, Department of Field Support, UnitedNations
(UNGIS) will act as the central repository and dissemination point for all Global Map data for its
use in support of the United Nations operations and will assure that users are fully aware of the
dissemination, handling and use condition of the Global Mapdata.
3.Global Map data shall only be used for the official purpose of supporting UnitedNations
operations. Any other use beyond the scope of this official purpose is notauthorized.
4.Global Map data cannot be released outside the physical control of United Nations personnel
directly involved in supporting United Nations operations.
Agreement between ISCGM and UNGIS
5.Global Map data shall not be displayed, stored or distributed on publicly accessible networks
or systems, nor be posted to or transmitted over the internetsystem.
6.Cartographic products using Global Map data can be disseminated by the United Nations
with no restriction as is useful to support its operations at the sole opinion of the United
Nations.
7.The UNGIS can enrich its databases with Global Map data or merge Global Map data with its
own databases and use the result with no restriction as is useful to support its operations at the
sole opinion of the UnitedNations.
All products derived from or using the Global Map data are exempt from the need toprovide
attribution to the Global MappingProject.
ISCGM Secretariat keeps its Internet site until the necessary measures are taken for the
accessibility and availability to Global Map dataonward.
Please contact to sec@iscgm.org if you have question about the transfer of Global Mapdata.
Thank you for your attention
GLOBAL SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURES
GLOBÁLNÍ PROSTOROVÉ DATOVÉ INFRATSRUKTURTY
GSDI základy a produkty
Milan Konečný
http://gsdiassociation.org/
"The Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Association Advancing
a Location Enabled World”
The GSDI Association is an inclusive organization of academic
and research institutions, government agencies, commercial
firms, NGOs and individuals from around the world.
The purpose of the organization is to promote international
cooperation and collaboration in support of local, national and
international Spatial Data Infrastructure research, education,
capacity building and implementation challenges, issues and
good practice from around the globe that will allow nations to
better address social, economic, and environmental issues of
pressing importance.
Our Vision is a world where everyone can readily
discover, access and apply geographic information
to improve their daily lives.
Our Purpose is to encourage international
cooperation that stimulates the implementation
and development of national, regional and local
spatial data infrastructures.
Our Mission is to advance geo-information best
practices, knowledge sharing and capacity
building for the improved sharing and application
of geographic information.
For students:
GSDI SDI Small Grants Program Award Winners
Announced
Each of the award winners will receive cash support
for their proposed projects of US$ 2,500.
Please contact: smallgrants@gsdi.org
SDI Cookbooks and Guides
English
Spatial Data Infrastructure Cookbook 2012 Update
(PDF)
Spatial Data Infrastructure Cookbook 2009 (PDF)
Spatial Data Infrastructure Cookbook - (Wiki - in
progress)
Spatial Data Infrastructure Cookbook v2.0 (PDF)
January 2004
Spatial Data Infrastructure Cookbook v1.0 (HTML
Version) July 2000
Also in Spanish, Chinese, Polish, Albanian,
From The SDI Cookbook
Welcome to the SDI Cookbook
The following contains the text of the book, broken
down by chapter.
Each chapter is then broken into subsections.
Chapter 1: The Cookbook Approach
Chapter 2: Geospatial Data Development: Building
data for multiple uses
Chapter 3: Metadata: Describing geospatial data
Chapter 4: Geospatial Data Catalogue: Making data
discoverable
Chapter 5: Geospatial Data Visualization: Online
Mapping
Chapter 6: Geospatial Data Access and Delivery:
Open access to data
Chapter 7: Other Services
Chapter 8: Legal Issues and Economic Policy
Chapter 9: Outreach and Capacity Building: Creating
a community
Chapter 10: Standards Suites for Spatial Data
Infrastructure
Chapter 11: Case Studies
Chapter 12: Terminology
Annex A. Abbreviations and Terminology used in the
GSDI Cookbook
Retrieved from
"http://www.gsdidocs.org/GSDIWiki/index.php/Mai
n_Page"
1 Chapter One: The Cookbook Approach
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Scope of This Cookbook
1.3 Spatial Data Infrastructures
1.4 The Global Spatial Data Infrastructure
1.5 Distribution
1.6 Contributors
1.7 Organisation
1.8 Cookbook Overview
1.8.1 Chapter 2: Geospatial Data Development:
Building data for multiple uses
1.8.2 Chapter 3: Metadata: Describing geospatial data
1.8.3 Chapter 4: Geospatial Data Catalogue: Making
data discoverable
1.8.4 Chapter 5: Geospatial Data Visualization: Online
Mapping
1.8.5 Chapter 6: Geospatial Access and Delivery:
Open access to data
1.8.6 Chapter 7: Other Services
1.8.7 Chapter 8: Legal Issues and Economic Policy
1.8.8 Chapter 9: Outreach and Capacity Building:
Creating a community
1.8.9 Chapter 10: Case Studies
1.8.10 Chapter 11: Terminology
1 Chapter Two: Geospatial Data Development: Building
data for multiple uses
1.1 Context and Rationale
1.1.1 Achieving Benefits
1.2 Organisational Approach
1.2.1 Framework Leverages the Development of Needed
Data
1.2.2 Who are the actors in framework data
development?
1.3 Implementation Approach
1.3.1 Common Identities of Real World Objects
1.3.2 Candidate National Framework Categories
1.3.3 Candidate Global Data Categories
1.4 Recommendations
1.5 References and Linkages