Leaving no one behind Climate change and environmental degradation undermine progress achieved Jak může zvyšující se degradace ŽP (např. CC) vést ke snížení lidského blahobytu? Top Start the presentation to see live content. For screen share software, share the entire screen. Gethelpatpollev.com/app HISTORIES 1 August 2012 Climate change: The great civilisation destroyer? War and unrest, and the col lapse of many mighty empires, often followed changes in local dimes. Is this more than a coincidence? HISTORIES 1 August 2012 Climate change: The great civilisation destroyer? War and unrest, and the col lapse of many mighty empires, often followed changes in local dimes. Is this more than a coincidence? tiryjWiOCl Year {Data In normalised units to show neFatlue amplitude) Na Blízkém východě trvá nejhorší sucho za 900 let. Vědci se bojí změn v celém Středomoří bar 4. března 2016 ■ 13:50 Kde je Blízký východ? v Start the presentation to see live content. Farscreen share software, share the entire screen. Getheip at pallev.com/app „Na začátku arabského jara v Egyptě lidé vyšli do ulic mimo jiné kvůli nedostatku chleba. Ten vznikl, když Číňané vykoupili všechnu pšenici. A Číňané vykoupili pšenici, neboť Čína za sebou měla neobvykle suché léto roku 2010. Stejně tak v Sýrii ve městech protestovali farmáři, kteří sem emigrovali ze severozápadu země. Emigrovali, protože je globální oteplování připravilo o obživu. •CZ Názory Timothy Snyder: Muslimský svět je první obcLÍ zmen klimatu. Přijdou další „Sýrie" Svetové velmoci svými chybám přispívají k tomu, aby lidstvo rgtoct zapomnělo lekce které mu udelil holocaust K - a *>■:-■ ■, naľiravail tomu. aby hj politici opil cfiopili mvilcnfcy. 2c my isme ™ vfcemzon. varuio jme-ncky historik Hmotný snydor t? 1!! mis /vii IB1B ■ zun I E16.cz Zprávy Prahl 1 Finwce Média E- iV* 1 ArMrý Do Prahy jste přijel převzít cenu Nadace Dagmar a Václava Havlových viie 97. Co pro Vas toto octnrni inamena? Jo to pro me oozvlASto volKa pocta, protože tato cena výchozí z tradteo, „Na začátku arabského jara v Egyptě lidé vyšli do ulic mimo jiné kvůli nedostatku chleba. Ten vznikl, když Číňané vykoupili všechnu pšenici. A Číňané vykoupili pšenici, neboť Čína za sebou měla neobvykle suché léto roku 2010. Stejně tak v Sýrii ve městech protestovali farmáři, kteří sem emigrovali ze severozápadu země. Emigrovali, protože je globální oteplování připravilo o obživu. HN: A v Turecku? V Turecku nynější politická krize vznikla z toho, jak naložit s imigranty a jak se postavit ke kolapsu Sýrie. Obojí souvisí s proměnami životního prostředí." •CZ Názory E1f.cz ZpráiT Priha Financa Midii E- íatlrv I RppnmÍB I Pufy I 7a-iia-ii'-i -rJí fir>a> Timothy Snyder: Muslimský svět }n první občLÍ změn klimatu. Přijdou další „Sýrie" Yfilrriůd svými chyhaiib píiBpi'wfl|l k tomu uhry lidstvo ľflpomnŕlnlfikcF: ktftrŕ mu uri&il holmr.BLreE Klinuilic.ká ntiŕnv nahráván tomu. aby s* politici opůt enctfili nr.v5lc."iKy re- mv fsitic více nei oni, varuie ariencKV riiitoriK rimotuy snydcr. 1? 10?01Fi f 78 | TwŕM Co Prahy Jíte prijal píevzlt cenu Hadače Dagmar a Václava Havlových vík 97. co pro vas tata octntm inamena? Jo to pro mG ůbzviasifr vclkä pocta, prolcie tato cena wt häzt z tradice, Pučistě v Turecku udělali chybu, že Erdoganovl nesebrali telefon, říká historik Snyder • Ha «tr*¥Jk*-dkkwril rír-iwi Híltlnsprt* yi*»ndj přllťl am«rkky. prorf»r historii ni Vilauvi unlvmlíiTímothy-Sny/dar. « Vrotfnwru IwoFl íturEcW rr» pokusu ovoTtiHkí pfíVTítjrmlIpfí udj'.DBti takzvaného arabtkana jara maLy *knLag ick* pŕTiiny. ' "Pŕdcbrkt iriiidanty sa budou opikavjl, JBiUiia rt&ubfiiiirvig pramirÄ BLirfcŕrw východu a Hvcrni Afriky v rwisť,' n káv r m hw viru. 1 ZakďtadNG Kon zvýhodněnou C Nemuset o vlkwdu absoLv[wat.ttl vyrtaupeni na debatním rům MettlnqpM, které se konalo v lániti ľťt,[iv.dLu LíiLi>un rulu |tfijdr jťllŕ IHfkid 4» viíjn^kv |?id? v Turm ku," íikiV kiYjvN'i v '-. i :■ I k i [ u [Hl|H!lif Iru* .i hiwd '-.i iKisIťtkrir, íi1 v (í5if*vr nciTrCL dKt tasu nŕ]novť|íľ dCni nastudovat. Kdo může za tyto proměny životního prostředí? ??? 1.7 m velký člověk vs. plocha 128-1012 m2 ??? E Santa Cruz, Bolívia Al'lsawivah. Saudi Arabia Almena, Spain Prahory - čtvrtohory— MILLIONS OF YEARS AGO 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 Hadean Archean Proteroiok Phanerozoic A B Prahory - čtvrtohory Prahory - čtvrtohory Jak se nazývá geologické období, ve kterém teď žijeme? Start the presentation to see live content. For screen share software, share the entire screen. Gethelpatpollev.com/app Prahory - čtvrtohory... i MILLIONS OF YEARS AGO 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 Hadean Arc heart FTOtflrOZOfC Phanerozofc A S B AEON ERA "YW___5M_(__ i 00 200 mm?, 100 A: Palaeůzůk B: H'.'bczoii C: Cenůzoíí Cambrian 0řd*v1cian Silurian Dtwnlin tarboniftrouj Permian Tfissifc Juraiiic 0 E ERA D; Palaeogene Eccene Geology of mankind Paul J. Crutzen For the past three centuries, the effects of humans on the global environment have esca lated. Because of the sea nthro-pogenic emissions of carbon dioxide, global climate may depart significantly from referring to the "anthropozoic era". And in 1926, V. I. Vernadsky acknowledged the increasing impact of mankind: "The direction in which the processes of evolution must proceed, namely towards increasing consciousness and thought, and forms having greater andgreater influence on their ------------|j----" ----1 -i- r-l-----1;„ ----1 TheAnthropocene The Anthropocene could be said to have started in the late eighteenth century, when analyses of air trapped in polar ice showed the beginning of growing global concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane. — 12 II 10 9 S 7 0 5 1 THOUSANDS OFYEAHS BEFOHE 2000 A.D. Antropocén geologický termín zpopularizovaný P. Crutzenem od průmyslové revoluce / WW2 (1/218. stol. či 1/2 20. st.?) období, kdy člověk začal představovat dominantní sílu měnící stav „Zemského systému" Antropocén geologický termín zpopularizovaný P. Crutzenem od průmyslové revoluce / WW2 (1/218. stol. či 1/2 20. st.?) období, kdy člověk začal představovat dominantní sílu měnící stav „Zemského systému" w Ci v'í)fipiT&r ä Zemsky systém - integrované biofyzikálně-socio-ekonomické procesy a interakce mezi hydro-, kryo-, bio-,geo- a antroposférou v prostorovém (od lokálních po globální) a časovém měřítku, jež určují environmentálni stav planety v rámci její pozice ve vesmíru. Co může být považováno za "otisk" aktuálně probíhajícího Antropocenu? Co uvidí budoucí archeolog až za 1.000.000 let bude zkoumat dnešek? Nobody has responded yet. Hang tight! Responses are coming in. Start the presentation to see live content. For screen share software, share the entire screen. Get help at pollev.com/app Home | Opinion | Environment | Tech | Opinion Is Earth in a new geological phase thanks to us? 10 November 2014 by Jan Zalasiewicz Magazine issue 2994. Subscribe and save > For similar stories, visit the Comment and Analysis Topic Guide It may be time tor science to recognise Earth's new era - one shaped by humans. So argues a geologist involved in defining new phases in geological time WHAT is the legacy that short-lived humanity will leave to an almost eternal Earth? The casual observer might point to tourist sights such as the once mighty city of Angkor, now lying ruined amid the Cambodian jungle, or what survives of the great monuments of ancient Egypt. They are wonderful, of course, but there is another way to address that question. A little-known working group, part of the International Commission on Stratigraphy, recently met to consider if the human imprint on Earth is now so great, and likely to be detectable for so long, that it deserves to be regarded as a geological epoch in its own right. That would be our real legacy. Such discussion is not new. George Perkins Marsh, North America's first conservationist, wrote of humans changing the face of the Earth. In 1873 the Italian geologist Antonio Stoppani coined the term Anthropozoic -the era in which humans change the course of geological history. Most geologists declared the idea nonsense. The constructions of civilisation may look impressive, they said, but must surely be trivial when set against the collisions of continents and the growth and disappearance of the oceans. When humans disappear, the world will resume its course, and few of our monuments will be left. But over the past few decades it has become clear that human activities can have geologically far-reaching effects. Science writer Andrew Revkin suggested we were living in what he called the Anthracene; John Curnutt of the US Geological Survey, awed at the transplanting of species across the globe, proposed the Homogenocene; marine biologist Daniel Pauly saw the oceans' future as one of slime and jellyfish as a result of overfishing and pollution, and invented the Myxocene. But it was one of the world's most respected scientists, the Nobel-prizewinning atmospheric chemist Paul Crutzen. who proved most influential. He argued that the Holocene, the geological epoch of post-glacial stability in which civilisation arose, had ended and been replaced by the Anthropocene, an epoch shaped by humans. The idea took off. The term was used as if it were a formal epoch. It isnt - but DAILY NEWS 7 January 2016 Marks of the Anthropocene: 7 signs we have made our own epoch By Sam Wong Even if humanity is long gone in tens of millions of years., there will still be a clear sign of us and the way we lived left preserved in our planet's geological record. There is now overwhelming evidence that our impart on Earth constitutes its own distinct geological epoch, dating from the middle of the 20th century. Here are the seven signs that will clearly identify the Anthropocene epoch for future geologists. 1. Nuclear weapons Our war efforts have left their mark on geology. When the first nuclear weapon was detonated on 16 July 1945 in New Mexico, it deposited radionuclides - atoms with excess nuclear energy - across a wide area. Since 1952, more explosive thermonuclear weapons have been tested, leaving a global signature of isotopes such as carbon-14 and plutonium-239. Proč nás to má zajímat? a Low risk of transition b High risk of transition High resilience Low resilience nature Vbl4Ě1|24 September 2009 FEATURE A safe operating space for humanity Identifying and quantifying planetary boundaries that must not be transgressed could help prevent human a ct i v it i es f ro m cau si ng u nacceptable envi ro n m enta I c h ange, a rgu e Jo h a n RockstrOm and co I leagues. SUMMARY • New approach proposed for defining preconditions for human IT31 development 1 41 1 • Crossing certain biophysical thresholds could have disastrous 1 consequences for humanity ROAD TO • Three of nine interlinked planeta ry boundaries have al ready been ICOPEHHMEN overstepped Although Earth has undergone many periods of significant, environmental change* the planet's environment has been im usually stable for the pasi ]0h000 years'"". This period of stability — known to geolopste as the Holocene — has-seen human civilizations- arise, develop and thrive. Such stability'may now be under threat. Since the I ndustrial Revolution, a new era ha* arisen, the Anth ropocene*, in which human actions have become the main driver of global environmental change1. This could see human activities push the Earth system outside the stable environ mental state of the Holocene, with consequences that are detrimental or even catastrophic for large parts of the world During the Holocene, environmental change occurred naturally and Earths regulatory capacity maintained the conditions that enabled human development. Regular temperatures.;, freshwater availability and biogeochemical flews all stayed within a relatively narrow range. How, Largely because of a rapidly growing reliance on fossil fuels and i nduserialized forms of agriculture, human activities have reached a level that could damage the systems that keep Earth in the desirable Holocene state. The result could be irreversible and,. In some casts, abrupt environmental change, leading to a state less conducive to human development*. Without pressure from humans, the Holocene is expected to continue for at least several thousands of years'. Planetary boundaries To meet the challenge of maintaining the Holocene state, we propose a framework based on ""planetary boundaries'. These 2009 Ua=-nilbi Pj3Irinas Imlcd.ai rtjh-fc rsoved boundaries define the safe operating space for humanity with respect to the Earth system and are associated with the planet's biophysical subsystems or processes. Although Earth's complex systems sometimes respond smoothly to changing pressures, it seems that this will prove to be the exception rather than the rule. Many subsystems of Earth react in a nonlinear, often abrupt, way. and are particularly sensitive around threshold levels of certain key variables. If these thresholds are crossedjthen important sub systems* such as a monsoon system: could shift into a new state, often with deleterious or potentially even disastrous consequences for humans9'. Most of these thresholds can be defined by a critical value for one or more control variables, such as carbon dioxide concentration. Hot all processes or subsystems on Earth have well-defined thresholds, although human actions that undermine the resilience of such processes or subsystems — fbi example,, land and water degradation —can increase the risk that thresholds will also be crossed in other processes* such as the climate system. We have tried to identify the Earth-system processes and associated thiesholds whichj. if crossed, could generate unacceptable environmental change. We have found nine such processes for which we believe it is necessary to define planetary boundaries: climate change; rate of biodiversity loss {terrestrial and marine); interference with the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles; stratospheric ozone depletion; ocean acidification; global freshwater usej change in land oae; chemical pollution; and atmospheric aerosol Loading(see Fig. I and Table). In general, planetary boundaries are values for control variables that are either at a 'safe' distance from thresholds — for processes with evidence of threshold behaviour — or at dangerous levels — for processes without Figure 11 Beyern d the boundary. The inner green shading represents the proposed safe- op erat Ln g space for nine plane tary systems. The red wedges represent an estimate ci the current position for each variable. The boundaries in three systems (rate of biodiversity loss, climate change and hu man interference with the nitrogen cycle), have already been exceeded. 472 A safe operating space for humanity (Rockström et aL 2009) 1a) In which geological period, and when human civilization arise and thrive? 1 b) Why the development of our civilization was possible in this period? 1c) What can jeopardize a continuity of our development in the future? Although Earth has undergone many periods of significant environmental change, the planet's environment has been unusually stable for the past 10,000 years1"3. This period of stability — known to geologists as the Holocene — has seen human civilizations arise, develop and thrive. Such stability may now be under threat. Since the Industrial Revolution, a new era has arisen, the Anthropocene4, in which human actions have become the main driver of global environmental change5. This could see human activities push the Earth system outside the stable environmental state of the Holocene, with consequences that are detrimental or even catastrophic for large parts of the world. During the Holocene, environmental change occurred naturally and Earth's regulatory capacity maintained the conditions that enabled human development. Regular temperatures, freshwater availability and biogeochemical flows all stayed within a relatively narrow range. Now, largely because of a rapidly growing reliance on fossil fuels and industrialized forms of agriculture, human activities have reached a level that could damage the systems that keep Earth in the desirable Holocene state. The result could be irreversible and, in some cases, abrupt environmental change, leading to a state less conducive to human developments Without pressure from humans, the Holocene is expected to continue for at least several thousands of years7. A safe operating space for humanity 2b) Which Earth-system processes (Rockstrom et aL 2009) were identified (9)? 2a) What are the "Planetary boundaries" about? Planetary boundaries To meet the challenge of maintaining the Holocene state, we propose a framework based on 'planetary boundaries'. These boundaries define the safe operating space for humanity with respect to the Earth system and are associated with the planet's biophysical subsystems or processes. Although Earths complex systems sometimes respond smoothly to changing pressures, it seems that this will prove to be the exception rather than the rule, Many subsystems of Earth react in a nonlinear, often abrupt, way, and are particularly sensitive around threshold levels of certain key variables. If these thresholds are crossed, then important subsystems, such as a monsoon system, could shift into a new state, often with deleterious or potentially even disastrous consequences for humans8,9. We have tried to identify the Earth-system processes and associated thresholds which, if crossed, could generate unacceptable environmental change. We have found nine such processes for which we believe it is necessary to define planetary boundaries: climate change; rate of biodiversity loss (terrestrial and marine); interference with the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles; stratospheric ozone depletion; ocean acidification; global freshwater use; change in land use; chemical pollution; and atmospheric aerosol loading (see Fig. 1 and Table). Planetary Boundaries A safe operating space for humanity o o ^5 Beyond zone of uncertainty (high risk) In zone of uncertainty (increasing risk) Below boundary (safe) Boundary not yet quantified I. Změna využívání krajiny Earth-system process Control variable(s) Planetary boundary (zone of uncertainty) Current value of control variable Land-system change (R2009: same) Global: Area of forested land as % of original forest cover Global: 75% (75-54%) Values are a weighted average of the three individual biome boundaries and their uncertainty zones 62% Biome: Area of forested land as % of potential forest Biome: Tropical: 85% (85-60%) Temperate: 50% (50-30%) Boreal: 85% (85-60%) Santa Cruz, Bolívia Změna využívání krajiny - zemědělství (především) - posledních 50 změna na zemědělskou půdu - 0,8 % ročně - hlavní síla řídící ztrátu ekosystémových funkcí a služeb (např. produkce potravin a cyklus vody), ztrátu biodiverzity a podkopává lidský blahobyt a dlouhodobou udržitelnost - při překročení únosné míry využívání v určitém regionu může dojít k náhlé změně charakteru krajiny Parts of Amazon close to tipping point 13:52 05 March 2009 by Catherine Brahic For similar stories, visit the Endangered Species Topic Guide The Mato Grosso, the most scarred region of the Amazon rainforest, is teetering on a deforestation "tipping point", and may soon be on a one-way route to becoming a dry and relatively barren savannah. Monica Carneiro Alves Senna and colleagues at the Federal University of Vigosa, Brazil, used computer models to simulate how the Amazon would recover from various amounts of deforestation. Their simulations ranged from a complete wipe-out of the entire forest to a situation where just one fifth of the forest would be removed. Parts of Amazon close to tipping point 13:52 05 Ma For similar s YaleEnvironment3£0 e^**— Explore Search About E360 The Mate Gro< teetering on a route to becon Monica Carnei Vigosa, Brazil recover from v< complete wipe forest would bi TTw boundary between ifenyin Firm nd th* Amazon fBinTatmt in ubid Grana, firaiiL courtesy of CHRIS LINDES Amazon Watch: What Happens When the Forest Disappears? At a remote site where the world's largest rainforest abuts land clearedjor big agriculture, Brazilian and American scientists are keeping watch for a critical tipping point - the time when the Amazon ceases tn be a carbon sink and turns into a source of carbon emissions. BY FRED PEARCE OCIOBEB 17, 2019 II. Globální spotřeba vody Earth-system process Control variable(s) Planetary boundary (zone of uncertainty) Current value of control variable Freshwater use (R2009: Global freshwater use) Global: Maximum amount of consumptive blue water use (km3yr_1) Basin: Blue water withdrawal as % of mean monthly river flow Global: 4000 km3 yr_1 (4000-6000 km3 yr"1) Basin: Maximum monthly withdrawal as a percentage of mean monthly river flow. For low-flow months: 25% (25-55%); for intermediate-flow months: 30% (30-60%); for high flow months; 55% (55-85%) -2600 km3 yr i Boundary: No more than 4000 km3 of fresh water consumed per year Current level: 2600 km3 per year Diagnosis: Boundary will be approached by mid-century Nedostatek sladké vody člověk je dominantní silou měnící globálně tok vody v řekách přibližně 25 % vody z povodí vůbec nedoteče do oceánů vážné důsledky pro stav biodiverzity, produkci potravin, zdravotní rizika, snižování pružnosti ter. a aqua. ekosystémů 8 Mighty Rivers Run Dry From Overuse Main About the Freshwater Initiative Restoring Rivers Reducing Water Use News Videos The world's remaining free-flowing rivers Only 37 percent of world's largest rivers are free of dams or other disruptions. Free-flowing rivers are found primarily in the Amazon and Congo Basins, and in the Arctic. Percentage of very large rivers (longer than 1,000 km) that remain free-flowing, by continent ^ 250/0 ^ U% 33% North America Europe Jjyo ^ Asia 47% Africa 51% South America ' 60% Australia 1 Distribution of very large rivers I Columbia Amazon I Congo Free-flowing Dammed or disrupted Sal ween V \ Murray THEODORE SICKUEY AND RYAN MORRIS, NG STAFF SOURCE MATURE Aralské Jezero - Kazachstán, Uzbekistán Aralské Jezero - Kazachstán, Uzbekistán THE SHRINKING SEA The cha nged shape of trie Aral Sea since 1960 I960 Aralsk 1999 2002 - 2005 postavena přehrada mezi S a J částí - co následovalo? Aralské Jezero - Kazachstán, Uzbekistán - co následovalo? Aralské Jezero THE SHRINKING SEA The cha iged shape of trie Aral Sea since 1960 I960 Aralsk 1999 KAZAKHSTAN Lake Hamoun - Irán, Afghanistan Oblasti a příčiny nedostatku vody Areas around the globe suffering trom depleted water resources □ II Physical water scarcity Water resource development is approaching or has exceeded sustainable limits. More than 75% of river flow is extracted for agriculture Approaching physical water scarcity More than 60% of river How is extracled. These areas will experience physical W3ter scarcity in the near luture Economic water scarcity Limited access to water even though natural local supplies are available to meet human demands. Less than 25% of water extracted for human needs Little or no water scarcity Abundant water resources relative to use, with less than 25* of water extracted for human purposes Not estimated Odvětví spotřeby vody Pacific Ocean Industry widely dominant I Industry and agriculture equally -1 dominant I Industry dominant with significant use by the domestic sector | Domestic use widely dominant ] Domestic use and agriculture dominant ] Agriculture dominant with significant use — by the domestic sector Agriculture widely dominant Agriculture dominant with significant use by the industrial sector Agriculture widely dominant with significant use by the industrial sector Source: Based on data fromTable FW1 in World Resources 2000-2001, People and Ecosystems: The Fraying Web of Life, World Resources Institute (WRI), Washington DC, 2000. _] Data not available PHILIPPE F1EKACEWICZ MARCH 2002 Napište jednu informaci, která vás dnes nejvíce zaujala či překvapila. 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