Termoelektrika
Applications of te materials
Chování polovodiču p- a n- typu v teplotním poli
<--- 1 i
Electric Field
Low density of electrons
Electric Field
Low density of holes
High density of electrons
Cold Side
High density of holes
Tento stav lze vyvolat rozdílným elektrickým potenciálem nebo teplotou konců
Termoel. generator
Heat Input
Heat Source
Cool Junction
E
Electrical Output
Peltierův článek (chlazení)
' f A
Heat Absorbed
i
Cooled Side
I?
3P!
J Dissipate
d Heat
Termoelektrický generátor
elektricky vodivé
111 Ů st k \
Te
Q      0.2    Q.A    M     D.B      1       li 14
Curranl^ A
Thermoelectric Materials - 1921
Semiconductor Bulk Materials - 1950s
SemEConductor Novel Materrais
Comp:e.K Structures ■ 1990s       Subswjclures 1990s      Nanostructures - 2000s
Litrme Then-nil
Half Hausier    Skutterudiies       C lach rates
Nano composites
Thin Film
LiHke Thermal
Ordered Nanocomposites
Random Nanocomposites
Lattice The ml Reducü vi- IW- Far<->-
La Etc e Therm il
Figure 1 3  History of Efforts in increasing ZT.
Metodika hodnocení TE materiálů -
bezrozměrný koeficient ZT
ZT = (S2 a/K) T
T... teplota
S ... Seebeckův koeficient a... elektrická vodivost k ... tepelná vodivost
a)
isolator     Bífíii-ccntiLi-ctor wmimetal metal
	1 i /
	\                  t   9 í
	\s J
— 1	
charge can jer density
0     100   200   300   400   500   600   700 800 AT {K)
Figure 5. Thermoelectric power versus temperature for several sulfides. Modified after Baleshta and Dibbs (1969).
http://www.ela-iet.com/IronGlen/PearceMa2Sulf1des 127 .Ddf
Cut*
Cu1tS
1960
1990 ZD04    ZD06    2MB    2Q1Q    2012    2014    201 &
Vývoj termoelektrických materiálů
3.0
2.5 k
2.0 h
1.0 k
0.5 h
0.0
A SíGe
♦ hM
O clathrates
• Pb(SeJe) skutterudites
*k diamond-like O SnSe
<]   (Bi, Sb)2Te3 superlattices
□
1940 1950
—i—1—i—1—i—1—i— 1960   1970   1980 1990
Year
N  SrnjjJr- ťih liliu Itir ■ , j niE m.uhi|4f -fllkcl
_!_
0.0      0.1       0.2       0.3 0.4 Total Ji Min]: fraction
1.0
0.5
-0.5
fi í.
iní
í "ly
-L
(is
Valence band alignments
[ni]
2000  2010 2020
y v v y v y y -r y y . T. ^. y. v_ y. y_ y. y y« K Y-
,   Tl f-
y^'V. r. t£ v, v- v. v. v. v. v. . T. T.—, . vt Y> r,    *, r> r, SíMIDpUflíl
tis
Binary thermoelectrics Bi-Te
	600
	550
	500
	450
	
	400
CD	
	350
Co	
CD	300
Q.	
t i0	250
h-	
	200
	150
	100
	50
	0
IIIIIIIII l| III HU II l| IIIIIII
10 20
Ii l| 11 II III II l|ll II II II II I Mil II III1]1111111111)1 IIIIIIIII [Mill lllll|lllllll III
30      40      50      60      70      80      90 100
Te, at%
Heusler compounds
(a)
£jTi3Sn) ^ Ti2Sn ^Ti5Sr3
NiTi
Ni3Ti
Ternary phase diagrams at room temperature and stable binary phases for metallic XNiSn alloys, with X = (a) Ti, (b) 1Mb, and (c) Cr. HH phases with X:Ni:Sn of 1:1:1 are marked with a triangle, the stable full-Heusler phases (a) TiNiSn 2 , (b) Ni 2 NbSn, and (c) Cr 2 NiSn are marked with a square, and the circles between them mark the specimens with the best experimental performance.
NI      90  80 70   60   50  40   30  20  10 Sn Ni3Sn Ni3Sri2 Ni3Sri4
■ Ternary thermoelectrics Fe-
Fe Weight percent S
Phase Diagram, Fc*£ Binary System
Pent Ian rtite below filO'C
(NL.FtjSj* L
■ Vlolarite (Fe.Ni)3S4 ^Ni.F*jS,
■L'hH>lH
Tt(F*.|f^p*FcNij
WWWW (Fc NilJ.+NlJ,+Ni,Si
FtVijtT+NiA
Ternary thermoelectrics Fe-Ni-S
1000°C
mss + 2 Liquids
Vs +Liquid
(b)
550 °C
Ni Fe
(Ni,Fe)3.xS
V alloy
so 100-135 °C
Fe
Po {m)
10      20      30      40       50       60 70
Diskuse
Waste Heat to Electricity
Nut Iími Howpi I'Mnt
Automobile    W^!e Inc meiern
^ . /
Primary *       Energy *.
I -n ti)iy
e.g. Glass, Al
Thermal Power Plant
Retrieval
Electrical Energy