ZA121 Theory and practice in human geography, December 12th, 2024 1 Geographies of virtual space and the problem of internet communication Pavel Doboš 2 Introduction ̶Virtual space, cyberspace, digital space ̶digitized, coded via software, algorithmized ̶not a „mirror“ of the real, but part of the real ̶Subfield of digital geographies Obsah obrázku koule, planeta, Svět, zeměkoule Popis byl vytvořen automaticky 3 Geographies through the digital ̶Geographies made through quantitative computational big data ̶epistemic rationalities imposed by digitally networked spatial platforms that render the objects and spaces of representation „knowable“ in ways that privilege abstraction and calculability ̶visualizations via aerial view preferred (i.e. Google Earth) ̶Geographic information systems ̶GIScience, critical GIS ̶ Obsah obrázku snímek obrazovky, voda, umění Popis byl vytvořen automaticky 4 Geographies produced by the digital ̶Production of space is transformed with digital media and software ̶global economic space, space of flows, space-time compression ̶code/space – ontogenesis of certain spaces via software codes and algorithms ̶Spaces are being increasingly mediated and experienced through digital interfaces ̶locative media, geoweb, augmented reality ̶Smart cities and big data governmentality ̶how populations are managed is mediated by information systems and databases 5 Geographies of the digital ̶Virtual space/cyberspace geographies ̶predominantly visual understanding of space in which various computer-generated environments are accessed via a screen ̶spatialities of video games and social media ̶Geographies of big data production ̶data mining and the emergence of data doubles ̶unequalities in the production of web content ̶problem of algorithmized automatic production of big data ̶Geographies of Internet communication Obsah obrázku oblečení, osoba, PC hra, Lidská tvář Popis byl vytvořen automaticky 6 Spaces in communication Obsah obrázku text, diagram, kruh, kresba Popis byl vytvořen automaticky 7 Communication in spaces Obsah obrázku útes, pod vodou, území, akvárium Popis byl vytvořen automaticky Obsah obrázku text, mapa, Země, Svět Popis byl vytvořen automaticky Obsah obrázku obloha, venku, mrak, Vysílač Popis byl vytvořen automaticky 8 Places in communication Obsah obrázku interiér, počítač, computer, zeď Popis byl vytvořen automaticky Obsah obrázku osoba, elektronika, oblečení, text Popis byl vytvořen automaticky 9 Communication in places Obsah obrázku oblečení, osoba, Lidská tvář, lidé Popis byl vytvořen automaticky Obsah obrázku osoba, oblečení, interiér, počítač Popis byl vytvořen automaticky Obsah obrázku osoba, oblečení, interiér, computer Popis byl vytvořen automaticky 10 ZA121 Theory and practice in human geography, December 12th, 2024 11 Critical cartographies and the cartographic reason Pavel Doboš 12 Beginnings of critical cartography ̶1990s: J. B. Harley ̶Maps are not purely objective, scientific representations of the world ̶rather products of the social and political contexts in which they are created ̶tools of power and ideology ̶cartographer's choices highly important ̶instruments of control, surveillance, colonization, military strategy, administration, … ̶maps should be approached critically and deconstructed Obsah obrázku Lidská tvář, muž, osoba, portrét Popis byl vytvořen automaticky 13 Crit. cartography today – 1. approach ̶Majoritarian maps must be scrutinized and criticized ̶all maps are subjective and influenced by the cartographer’s perspective, as well as societal, cultural, and political contexts ̶maps can be used to assert authority, enforce boundaries, and marginalize communities ̶Maps are not merely passive reflections of the world but active agents in its construction ̶they are performative ̶GIS technologies can both challenge and reinforce traditional power dynamics ̶critical GIS ̶ 14 Crit. cartography today – 2. approach ̶New critical maps must be created ̶Participatory and community Mapping ̶democratizing cartography, giving voice to marginalized and indigenous groups ̶Activism and counter-mapping ̶creating alternative maps that challenge dominant narratives and highlight issues of spatial justice ̶visualizing social inequalities, environmental problems, … ̶Ethical considerations ̶Experiments with alternative visualizations 15 Obsah obrázku text, snímek obrazovky, nachový, Grafika Popis byl vytvořen automaticky 16 Obsah obrázku oblečení, osoba, Lidská tvář, skupina Popis byl vytvořen automaticky 17 Critique of cartographic reason ̶Mapping the (practice of) mapping ̶Gunnar Olsson, Franco Farinelli, and their successors ̶Cartography is a rationale for much of Western philosophical thought ̶cartography is ocular-centric, accentuates a geometric approach to the world, and is able to structure our thoughts on a canvas. It stabilizes the world in synchrony, persuades us to perceive the world of and through boundaries, and is a utopian practice for world improvement. ̶Our belief in modern maps is almost religious Obsah obrázku text, oblečení, kniha, Lidská tvář Popis byl vytvořen automaticky Obsah obrázku text, kniha, papír, ilustrace Popis byl vytvořen automaticky Obsah obrázku text, snímek obrazovky, design, diagram Popis byl vytvořen automaticky 18 19 20 Post-representational cartography ̶Mapping as a set of practices rather than just the production of stable inert images ̶processes, interactions, and performances involved in map-making and map-use ̶Mapping as embodied and situated knowledge ̶Mapping as plural and ontogenetical ̶maps are not fixed but are constantly evolving through their use and reinterpretation ̶maps are relational tools that help to negotiate and produce spatial understandings ̶maps have agency ̶Maps as unstable and mutable objects ̶object-oriented cartography 21 Obsah obrázku osoba, oblečení, Učení se, mapa Popis byl vytvořen automaticky Obsah obrázku osoba, obloha, budova, venku Popis byl vytvořen automaticky Obsah obrázku text, mapa, osoba Popis byl vytvořen automaticky