Content of the session: 

1. International Trade in Energy

• From GATT to the WTO
• Export tariffs on energy resources
• Quantitative Restrictions 

Decisions: 

DS394: China — Measures Related to the Exportation of Various Raw Materials 

DS431: China — Measures Related to the Exportation of Rare Earths, Tungsten and Molybdenum

2. Energy Transit

• GATT: Article V

Presentation:

Compulsory reading:

FARAH, CIMA. Energy Trade and the WTO_Implications for Renewable Energy and the OPEC Cartel (Introductions, Non-inclusion of energy in the WTO framework, pages 708 - 714; Section IV: A possible interpretation of WTO RulesAgainst OPEC, pages 728 - 740)

Wen-Chen Shih: Energy Security, GATT WTO, and Regional Agreements - Introduction, Energy Security, Energy Trade and the Gatt/WTO (Dimensions and Content of Energy Trade (pages 433-439)

WTO DS 394 China — Measures Related to the Exportation of Various Raw Materials  (DS 394 summary, WTO dispute settlement - the disputes - DS 394)

WTO DS 431 China — Measures Related to the Exportation of Rare Earths, Tungsten and Molybdenum (DS 431 summary, WTO dispute settlement - the disputes - DS431

European Commission: WTO Appellate confirms China’s export restrictions on rare earth and other raw materials illegal

European Commission: WTO Appellate Body rules against Chinese restrictions on access to rare earths and other raw material

S Rolland. China-Raw Materials: WTO Rules on Chinese Natural Resources Export Dispute 

GATT: Article V (1)

GATT: Article V (2)

Extra non-compulsory Reading  

(The purpose of the recommended reading is to broaden and deepen the understanding of the subjects addressed in the course.)

Carey T: Cartel Price Controls vs. Free Trade

Wen-Chen Shih: Energy Security, GATT WTO, and Regional Agreements - GATT/WTO, Energy, Trade and Energy Security (pages 439-443)

Broome S. Conflicting obligations for oil exporting nations: Satisfying membership requirements of both OPEC and the WTO