LF:aVLHE0221p Histologie a embryologie I - p

aVLHE0221p Histologie a embryologie I - přednáška

Lékařská fakulta
jaro 2022

Rozsah

2/0/0. 30. 2 kr. Ukončení: z.

Vyučující

Garance

doc. MVDr. Aleš Hampl, CSc.
Ústav histologie a embryologie – Teoretická pracoviště – Lékařská fakulta
Kontaktní osoba: doc. MUDr. Miroslava Sedláčková, CSc.
Dodavatelské pracoviště: Ústav histologie a embryologie – Teoretická pracoviště – Lékařská fakulta

Rozvrh

Po 14. 2. až Út 10. 5. Út 13:30–15:10 B22/116 aula

Předpoklady

aVLAN0121s Anatomie I - seminář && aVLBI0121c Biologie I - cvičení

Omezení zápisu do předmětu

Předmět je určen pouze studentům mateřských oborů.

Jiné omezení: Mimo studenty LF jen se souhlasem garanta oboru.

Mateřské obory/plány

General Medicine (program LF, M-GM)
Všeobecné lékařství (angl.) (program LF, M-VL)
Všeobecné lékařství (program LF, M-VL) (4)

Cíle předmětu

Course objectives
At the end of the course students should be able to:
1. Understand and explain the structure of a cell, basic structural principles and function of connective tissues, features of epithelial tissue, structure of different types of muscle tissue, structure and function of nervous tissue.
2. Identify tissue types in histologic slides.
3. Characterize microscopic structure of individual organs of human body and explain correlations of tissues within organs.
4. Describe gamete development, explain principle of meiosis and regulation of gametogenesis.
5. Define the early embryonic development as well as development of fetal membranes, placenta and umbilical cord.
6. Characterize stages of embryonic development, describe the development of individual organ systems of human body.
7. Explain the mechanism of the origin of some developmental anomalies.

Výstupy z učení

At the end of the course students should be able to:
1. Describe tissue processing for light and electron microscopy.
2. Understand and explain the structure of a cell, basic structural principles and function of connective tissues, features of epithelial tissue, structure of different types of muscle tissue, structure and function of nervous tissue.
3. Identify tissue types in histologic slides.
4. Characterize microscopic structure of some organs of human body and explain correlations of tissues within organs.
5. Describe gamete development, explain principle of meiosis and regulation of gametogenesis.
6. Define the early embryonic development as well as development of fetal membranes, placenta and umbilical cord.
7. Characterize stages of embryonic development.

Osnova

1. Introduction. The object and significance of histology. Relevance of histology to other biomedical disciplines. History, current state, and future of histology. Methodologies to study a structure of cells and tissues. Cytology: The cell - definition, characteristics, compartmentalization. Cell nucleus - ultrastructure and function, chromosomes, nucleolus.Introduction
2. Organelles - structure, localization, and function. Cell inclusions and pigments. Cytoskeleton - microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules. Cell surface structures and intercellular bonds. Cell division cycle. Cell differentiation, cell migration, organization of cells into tissues and organs - general aspects.
3. General embryology. Definition. The object and significance of embryology. Overview of the early human development: The phases of the human ontogeny. Human gametes - their structure, physiology and origin (gametogenesis). Differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Transport of gametes. Sperm capacitation. Fertilization and cleavage. Activation of the embryonal genome. Nuclear transfer. Morula and blastocyst. Embryonic stem cells. Outline of the implantation. Abnormal sites of implantation (extrauterine pregnancies).
4. The development of the germ disc: origin of the intraembryonic mesoderm and notogenesis (development of the chorda dorsalis). Somites and their derivatives. Outline of the development of fetal membranes: amniotic sac, chorion, and placenta. Function of the placenta. The umbilical cord. Anomalies of the placenta and umbilical cord. Development of external shape of the embryo and fetus. The rule of Hasse. Uterine growth during pregnancy. Parturition. Marks of the mature and full-term fetus. Position, posture and presentation of the fetus. Multiple pregnancy: mono- and dizygotic twins; arrangement of fetal membranes in twins.
5. General histology. Tissues - definition, their origin, and classification. Connective and supporting tissue - general characteristics, their components and classification. The connective tissue proper - types, main distribution, and function.
6. Supporting tissues - cartilage and bone - types, main distribution, and function. Histogenesis and regeneration of connective tissues.
7. Epithelial tissue - definition, classification, and histogenesis. Epithelial membranes and glandular epithelium - an overview. Characteristics of glandular cells. Absorptive, respiratory, and sensory epithelia.
8. Neural tissue - general characteristics and classification. Neurons – structure and function. Synapse. Neuroglial cells - types and function. Sheaths of nerve fibres. Conduction of nerve impulses. Histogenesis and regeneration of the neural tissue.
9. Muscle tissue - general characteristics and classification. Smooth muscle tissue. Skeletal muscle tissue. Ultrastructure of the myofibrils. Mechanism of the muscle contraction. Cardiac muscle tissue. Inervation and vascularization of the muscle. Muscle histogenesis and regeneration.
10. Blood cell morphology: Erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes. Differential white cell count. Prenatal and postnatal hematopoiesis. Erythropoiesis, granulopoiesis, thrombopoiesis.
11. Microscopic anatomy and special embryology. Cardiovascular system. Microscopic structure of the heart, excitomotoric system - its structural peculiarities. Blood vessels - arteries and veins - structural differences. Capillary bed. Lymph vessels and capillaries.
12. Development of the heart. Primitive blood circulation in the embryo. Fetal blood circulation.

Literatura

doporučená literatura

MESCHER, Anthony L. Junqueira's basic histology : text and atlas. 13th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical, 2013, xi, 544. ISBN 9781259072321. info
MOORE, Keith L., T. V. N. PERSAUD a Mark G. TORCHIA. Before we are born : essentials of embryology and birth defects. 9th edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2016, xix, 361. ISBN 9780323313377. info

neurčeno

LOWE, James S. a Peter G. ANDERSON. Stevens and Lowe´s Human Histology. 4th. Elsevier, 2015. ISBN 978-0-7234-3502-0. info
OVALLE, William K., Patrick C. NAHIRNEY a Frank H. NETTER. Netter's essential histology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders, 2013, xv, 517. ISBN 9781455706310. info
MOORE, Keith L., T. V. N. PERSAUD a Mark G. TORCHIA. The developing human : clinically oriented embryology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier, 2013, xix, 540. ISBN 9781437720020. info
SADLER, T. W. Langman's medical embryology. 12th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2012, xiii, 384. ISBN 9781451144611. info

Výukové metody

lecture

Metody hodnocení

Students will pass examination after finishing Histology and Embryology II - lecture. All informations about required knowledge and the course of examination are on web site: http://www.med.muni.cz/histology/education

Vyučovací jazyk

Angličtina

Informace učitele

Information about HE teaching is available on the Department board in front of the Microscopic Hall and on the web site http://www.med.muni.cz/histology/education

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LF:aVLHE0221p Histologie a embryologie I - p - Informace o předmětu

aVLHE0221p Histologie a embryologie I - přednáška

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