GE091 Mineralogy and Geochemistry for Chemists

Faculty of Science
Autumn 2024
Extent and Intensity
2/0/0. 3 credit(s). Type of Completion: zk (examination).
In-person direct teaching
Teacher(s)
doc. RNDr. Zdeněk Losos, CSc. (lecturer)
Guaranteed by
doc. RNDr. Zdeněk Losos, CSc.
Department of Geological Sciences – Earth Sciences Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: Ing. Jana Pechmannová
Supplier department: Department of Geological Sciences – Earth Sciences Section – Faculty of Science
Timetable
Tue 14:00–15:50 G2,02003
Prerequisites
The subject is intended primarily for students of specialized chemistry. Prerequisites are knowledge of chemistry, physics and mineralogy in the range of secondary school subjects.
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.
The capacity limit for the course is 60 student(s).
Current registration and enrolment status: enrolled: 31/60, only registered: 0/60, only registered with preference (fields directly associated with the programme): 0/60
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
Course objectives
Main objectives can be summarized as follows:
- to understand the basic problems in mineralogy and their parts ( Introduction to mineralogy and geochemistry, Morphological and structural crystallography, Chemical and physical mineralogy and Descriptive mineralogy).
- descriptive mineralogy is focused on crystallochemical classification of minerals, structure, chemical composition and properties of main minerals according to syllabus
- to understand main geochemical processes in Earth-s crust (magmatic, metamorphic and weathering)
- to recognize antropogenic influence on chemical development on the surface of Earth-s crust
Learning outcomes
Student will be able to:
- have basic knowledge of morphological, structural, chemical and physical crystallography
- know the main characteristics of about 50 most abundant and industrially important minerals
- explain the basic geochemical processes taking place on the planet Earth, especially in the Earth's crust and its surface
Syllabus
  • 1.Introduction to mineralogy and geochemistry. History of the mineralogy and geochemistry, literature. Mineralogy and geochemistry in Earth-s sciences.
  • 2.Crystal. Elements of crystal morphology (faces, crystal forms). Crystallographic coordinate systems. Indexing of crystal faces (according to Miller, Weiss). Measurement of the angles of crystals, goniometers. Crystallographic principles. Elements of morphological symmetry of crystals, symmetry operations, the 32 point groups. Crystal classes (crystal axis systems, crystal forms). Crystal form and habitus, crystalline aggregates. Twinning, pseudosymetrie, pseudomorphie.
  • 3.Crystal and properties of its growth. Nucleation. Defects of growth mechanism. Compositional zoning. Effects of temperature and pressure on crystal growth. Lattice symmetries, unit cells, symmetry operations of lattices. The 14 types of Bravais cells, the 230 space groups. X-ray crystallography (diffraction, X-ray powder diffraction, powder difractometers, identification of powder patterns, refinement of lattice parameters).
  • 4.Chemical mineralogy - The model of the atom, ions, chemical bondings, the ionic structures and properties of ionic crystals. The covalent model, the metallic bond model and its properties, the molecular structures. Crystal chemistry of minerals. Calculation of chemical formulas from the mineral analysis.
  • 5.Physical mineralogy (color and streak, luster and transparency, cleavage, fracture, tenacity, density, hardness, magnetism, fluorescence and radioactivity). Properties depending upon light. The behavior of light in minerals. Refractive index. Relationships between optical properties and symmetry. Isotropic minerals. Optical properties of uniaxial minerals. Optical properties of biaxial minerals.
  • 6.Introduction to descriptive mineralogy (crystallochemical classification of minerals, mineralogical nomenclature, mineral, variety). The native elements (Au, Ag, Cu, Pt, Fe, As, Sb, diamond, graphite, S) Sulfides: tetrahedral (sphalerite, chalcopyrite), octahedral (galena, pyrrhotite, niccolite), with unusual coordination (molybdenite, cinnabar, argentite), complex sulphides (pyrite, marcasite, arsenopyrite, stibnite, tetraedrite, proustite, pyrargyrite, realgar, orpigment). The halide minerals (halite, sylvite, carnallite, fluorite, cryolite) Oxides and hydroxides: tetrahedral ( the SiO2 minerals, periclase), oktahedral (hematite, corundum, ilmenite, rutile, cassiterite, mixed tetrahedral and octahedral (magnetite, spinel, chromite), cubic (uraninite). Goethite, lepidocrokite, diaspore, boehmite, limonite, bauxite. The sulfate minerals: anhydrous (anhydrite, barite), hydrous (gypsum, chalcanthite, melanterite, epsomite, alunite). Carbonates: calcite structure type (calcite, magnesite, siderite), dolomite structure type (dolomite, ankerite), aragonite structure type (aragonite, cerussite), other structures (malachite, azurite). Nitrates (nitratite, niter). Chromates and molybdates: scheelite, wolframite Phosphates, arsenates, vanadates: xenotime, monazite, apatite, pyromorphite. The silicate minerals: network silicates (feldspars, feldspatoides, beryl), layer silicates (talc, muscovite, kaolinite), chain silicates (pyroxenes and amphiboles), ring silicates (turmalines), single tetrahedral structures (olivine group, garnet group, titanite, topaz, zircon).
  • 7.Introduction to geochemistry. Geochemical processes in Earth-s crust (magmatic, metamorphic and weathering). Antropogenic influence on chemical development of Earth-s crust.
Literature
    recommended literature
  • CHVÁTAL, Marek. Mineralogie pro 1. ročník : krystalografie. 1. vyd. Praha: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, nakladatelství Karolinum, 2002, 169 s. ISBN 8071849987. info
  • Geochemie. Edited by Vladimír Bouška. Praha: Academia, 1980, 555 s. URL info
  • BOUŠKA, Vladimír and Pavel KAŠPAR. Speciální optické metody : studium minerálů v procházejícím světle. Vyd. 1. Praha: Academia, 1983, 198 s. info
  • NESSE, William D. Introduction to mineralogy. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012, xv, 480. ISBN 9780199859764. info
  • SLAVÍK, František, Jiří NOVÁK and Jaroslav KOKTA. Mineralogie. 5. přeprac. a dopl. vyd. Praha: Academia, 1974, 486 s. info
    not specified
  • KLEIN, Cornelis, James Dwight DANA and Cornelius S. HURLBUT. Manual of mineral science. Translated by Juraj Majzlan. Slovak ed. (22nd ed). Bratislava: OIKOS-LUMON, 2006, xiv, 666. ISBN 8096853554. info
Teaching methods
lectures, theoretical preparation
Assessment methods
Completion of the course in the form of a classified credit based on the written test of the subject matter. The test is usually composed of   25 questions with a total maximum score of 50 points, and 60% (30 points) must be obtained.
Language of instruction
Czech
Follow-Up Courses
Further comments (probably available only in Czech)
Study Materials
The course is taught annually.
Teacher's information
http://www.sci.muni.cz/mineralogie/
The course is intended primarily for students of chemistry. The classified credit is from the theory in the scope of the syllabus.
The course is also listed under the following terms Autumn 2007 - for the purpose of the accreditation, Autumn 2010 - only for the accreditation, Autumn 2002, Autumn 2004, Autumn 2005, Autumn 2006, Autumn 2007, Autumn 2008, Autumn 2009, Autumn 2010, Autumn 2011, Autumn 2011 - acreditation, Autumn 2012, Autumn 2013, Autumn 2014, Autumn 2015, Autumn 2016, autumn 2017, Autumn 2018, Autumn 2019, Autumn 2020, autumn 2021, Autumn 2022, Autumn 2023.
  • Enrolment Statistics (recent)
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