VB005 Panorama of Physics I

Faculty of Informatics
Autumn 2002
Extent and Intensity
2/0. 1 credit(s) (plus extra credits for completion). Recommended Type of Completion: z (credit). Other types of completion: k (colloquium).
Teacher(s)
prof. RNDr. Josef Humlíček, CSc. (lecturer)
prof. RNDr. Jan Novotný, CSc. (lecturer)
Guaranteed by
prof. RNDr. Jan Slovák, DrSc.
Physics Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: prof. RNDr. Jan Novotný, CSc.
Timetable
Thu 8:00–9:50 D2
Prerequisites (in Czech)
! V005 Panorama of Physics I
Předpokládá se znalost základních pojmů, symboliky a nejjednodušších technik matematické analýzy (diferenciální a integrální počet funkcí jedné i více proměnných).
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
Course objectives (in Czech)
Výklad je zaměřen na seznámení s klasickými i současnými fyzikálními poznatky v oblastech mechaniky tuhých těles a kontinua, elektřiny a termodynamiky.
Syllabus
  • The distances and the structures. The horizons of our knowledge. The universe and the microcosmos. The four interactions and efforts to unify them. The basic physical paradigmas and their historical development.
  • Do we stay or do we move? The problem of the choice of reference system. The Galilei, Newton and Mach standpoint and reflexions of their views in contemporary physics. The inertial and noninertial reference systems.
  • The laws of motion. The newtonian world. The force, the mass, the acceleration. The Newtonian laws of motion and the laws of forces. The Laplacean determinism. The symmetry of the physical laws. The celestial mechanics.
  • The conservation laws. The momentum, the angular momentum, the energy. The mathematical and physical meaning of conservation laws. The collisions of particles.
  • The variational principles. The Hamilton principle of least action, the Lagrange and Hamilton equations. The conservation laws and principles of symmetry.
  • A review of Lagrangean theories. The particle in an external field, gravitational and electromagnetic interaction of particles. The Kepler problem. The theory of oscillations. The constrained systems. The motions of rigid bodies. Physics in noninertial systems.
  • Principles of continuum mechanics. The forces of long and short range, the classification of continuas, the equations of motion for elastic bodies and flows, the sound as a wave motion of continuum, the conservation laws in continuum mechanics.
  • The electromagnetic field. The basic electromagnetic phenomena. Maxwell equations of electromagnetic field.
  • The applications of electrodynamics. The electrodynamics of continual media. Electromagnetic waves. Energy and momentum of electromagnetic field.
  • The special theory of relativity. The principle of relativity and principle of constant speed of light. The Lorentz transformation, contraction of lenght and dilatation of time. The Doppler effect. The relativistic energy and momentum of the particle.
  • The four-dimmensional space-time. The geometry of Minkowski. The past, the present and the future. The twin paradox.
  • The thermodynamics and statistical prysics. Conservation of energy and decrease of entropy. Statistical explanation of the behaviour of the ideal gas.
Literature
  • MACHÁČEK, Martin. Encyklopedie fyziky. 1. vyd. Praha: Mladá fronta, Fond AV ČR pro vydávání vědecké literatury, 1995, 408 s. ISBN 8020402373. info
  • FEYNMAN, Richard Phillips, Robert B. LEIGHTON and Matthew L. SANDS. Feynmanove prednášky z fyziky. 2. vyd. Bratislava: Alfa, 1986, 451 s. info
  • FEYNMAN, Richard Phillips, Robert B. LEIGHTON and Matthew L. SANDS. Feynmanove prednášky z fyziky. 2. vyd. Bratislava: Alfa, 1985, 488 s. info
  • FEYNMAN, Richard Phillips, Robert B. LEIGHTON and Matthew L. SANDS. Feynmanove prednášky z fyziky. 1. vyd. Bratislava: Alfa, 1988, 572 s. info
  • FEYNMAN, Richard Phillips, Robert B. LEIGHTON and Matthew SANDS. Feynmanove prednášky z fyziky. 1. vyd. Bratislava: Alfa, 1989, 452 s. ISBN 80-05-00029-4. info
  • FEYNMAN, Richard Phillips, Robert B. LEIGHTON and Matthew SANDS. Feynmanove prednášky z fyziky. 1. vyd. Bratislava: Alfa, 1990, 542 s. ISBN 80-05-00518-0. info
  • PENROSE, Roger. The emperor's new mind : concerning computers, minds, and the laws of physics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989, xiii, 466. ISBN 0198519737. info
  • LANDAU, Lev Davidovič and Jevgenij Michajlovič LIFŠIC. Úvod do teoretickej fyziky. 1. vyd. Bratislava: Alfa, 1982, 357 s. info
Language of instruction
Czech
Further Comments
The course is taught annually.
The course is also listed under the following terms Autumn 2003, Autumn 2004, Autumn 2005, Autumn 2006, Autumn 2007, Autumn 2008, Autumn 2009, Autumn 2010, Autumn 2011, Autumn 2012, Autumn 2013, Autumn 2014, Autumn 2015, Autumn 2016, Autumn 2017, Autumn 2018, Autumn 2019, Autumn 2020, Autumn 2021, Autumn 2022, Autumn 2023.
  • Enrolment Statistics (Autumn 2002, recent)
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