VLFA0721 Pharmacology I

Faculty of Medicine
Autumn 2004
Extent and Intensity
2/3/0. 5 credit(s). Type of Completion: z (credit).
Teacher(s)
prof. MUDr. Alexandra Šulcová, CSc. (lecturer)
prof. MUDr. Eva McCaskey Hadašová, CSc. (lecturer)
prof. MUDr. PhDr. Jan Kovařík, DrSc. (lecturer), prof. MUDr. Alexandra Šulcová, CSc. (deputy)
prof. MUDr. Jiří Vítovec, CSc. (lecturer)
Ing. Pavel Musil (lecturer)
PharmDr. Miroslav Dostálek, Ph.D. (seminar tutor)
prof. MUDr. Eva McCaskey Hadašová, CSc. (seminar tutor)
doc. Mgr. MVDr. Leoš Landa, Ph.D. (seminar tutor)
MUDr. Jana Nováková, Ph.D. (seminar tutor)
MUDr. Jana Pistovčáková, Ph.D. (seminar tutor)
MUDr. Mgr. Karel Šlais, Ph.D. (seminar tutor)
Mgr. Veronika Minaříková (seminar tutor)
Guaranteed by
prof. MUDr. Alexandra Šulcová, CSc.
Department of Pharmacology – Theoretical Departments – Faculty of Medicine
Contact Person: prof. MUDr. Alexandra Šulcová, CSc.
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is only offered to the students of the study fields the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
Syllabus
  • LECTURES
  • 1. Introduction to pharmacology. The scope and historical development of modern pharmacology, its position in the system of medical education.
  • 2. Basic pharmacological terms, definitions. Types of pharmacotherapy and drug effects. Therapeutic Index. Teratogenic drug effects.
  • 3. Drug delivery approaches, routes of administration, prolonged release preparations. Mechanisms of drug action, non-specific, specific.
  • 4. Classical receptors and ligand binding. Receptor subtypes, autoreceptors, heteroreceptors.
  • 5. Concentration-response relationship. Pharmacokinetic principles. Drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination.
  • 6. Purposeful pharmacotherapy. Importance of the pharmacological anamnesis, monitoring of drug therapy, risks of pharmacotherapy.
  • 7. Drug therapy in children, general principles, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic peculiaritis. Pharmacotherapy in neonates.
  • 8. Pharmacogenetics. Combined drug effects.
  • 9. Physiological and pathological factors influencing drug effects. Changes of drug effects after the repeated administration. Quantitative and qualitative deviations in drug effects, hypo-, and hyperergic reactions, allergy.
  • 10. Adverse drug effects. Toxic responses. The management of poisoning.
  • 11. Autonomic nervous system, mediators, overview. Adrenergic mediation, alfa and beta sympatomimetics. Directly and indirectly acting sympatolytics. Pharmacology of alfa2 pre- and postsynaptic receptors.
  • 12. Cholinergic mediation. Directly acting parasympatomimetics, inhibitors of cholinesterase. Parasympatolytics. Ganglion blocking drugs. Myorelaxants. Pharmacology of the autonomic Enteric Nervous System.
  • 13. Drug discovery and development, preclinical and clinical examination and evaluation. Regulation and guidelines for "Good Clinical Practice".
  • 14. Pharmacotherapy of neoplastic diseases. Indications, combinative treatment approaches, adverse effects.
  • SEMINARS
  • 1.I. INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF PHARMACOLOGY Contents and organisation of practical courses. Compulsory and recommended textbooks of pharmacology. Pharmacological calculations. Latin terminology in the drug prescription. II. GENERAL RULES OF THE DRUG PRESCRIPTION Pharmacopea. Writing prescriptions. Elements of the drug prescription. Prescription of individual and manufactured preparations.Drug interactions and incompatibilities.
  • 2. I. SURVEY OF DRUG DOSAGE FORMS. Terminology, classification. SOLID DRUG DOSAGE FORMS. Powders for external and internal use, capsules, tablets, species - composition, prescription. Video-programme: Industrial production of preparations for oral use II. INTRODUCTION TO EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY Pharmacological experiments. Laboratory animals. Protocol. Video-programme: Laboratory animals handling Experiments: PRINCIPLES OF GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY Dependence of drug effects on the route of administration and concentration of the injected solution.
  • 3. I. SOFT AND MELTING DRUG DOSAGE FORMS. Suppositories, ointments, pastes, plasters - composition and prescription. FLUID DRUG DOSAGE FORMS FOR THE EXTERNAL USE. Application and rinse solutions; eye, ear and nose lotions, suspensions - composition and prescription. II. TRANSPORT OF DRUGS ACROSS BIOLOGICAL BARRIERS.
  • 4. I. FLUID DRUG DOSAGE FORMS FOR ORAL AND PARENTERAL USE. Solutions for oral administration, drops and tinctures, injections and intravenous infusions. Video-programme: Ready-made solutions for injection and infusion. II. INTRODUCTION TO THE PHARMACOKINETICS. Basic pharmacokinetic processes and parameters. One- and two-compartment kinetic models. Kinetics of the intravascular and extravascular drug administration. Practical pharmacokinetic calculations.
  • 5. I. REVISING TEST: LATIN TERMINOLOGY AND ABBREVIATIONS PRESCRIPTION OF THE MANUFACTURED MEDICAMENTS. Drug dosology in paediatrics. Gaseous drug dosage forms. II. PRACTICAL PHARMACOKINETIC COMPUTATIONS. Computer technique in pharmacokinetics. Calculations of the basic pharmacokinetic parameters using the programme Work with PC: software MW PHARM THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING.
  • 6. I. PHARMACOLOGY OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM. Terminology, receptors, agonists and antagonists, pharmacological control of autonomic functions. II. PRACTICAL SELF-PREPARATION OF SELECTED DRUG DOSAGE FORMS. Rehearsal of the general drug prescription.
  • 7. I. REVISING TEST: PRACTICAL PRESCRIPTION OF DRUGS. PHARMACOLOGY OF THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM. Adrenergic receptors, adrenoceptor-activating and adrenoceptor-blocking drugs. Video-programme: Beta-adrenergic receptors INTRODUCTION TO PRESCRIPTION OF DRUGS AFFECTING THE AUTHONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM. II. PHARMACOLOGY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS. History, classification and chemistry of plant drugs, their medicinal use and practical prescription. Excursion into the Medical Plants (Visit in Experimental Garden of Medical Plants)
  • 8. I. PHARMACOLOGY OF THE CHOLINERGIC NERVOUS SYSTEM. Cholinergic receptors, direct- and indirect-acting cholinomimetic drugs, cholinoceptor-blocking drugs. Video-programme: Cholinergic transmission
Literature
  • Lincová, Dagmar - Farghali, Hassan a kol. Základní a aplikovaná farmakologie. 1. vydání. Praha: Galén, Karolinum, 2002. 601 s. ISBN 80-7262-168-8 (Galén), ISBN 80-246-0538-4 (Karolinum).
  • Hadašová, Eva - Nováková, Jana - Pistovčáková, Jana - Vinklerová, Jana - Šulcová, Alexandra - Starobová, Olga. Praktická cvičení z farmakologie. 2. vydání. Brno : Masarykova univerzita v Brně, 2003. 110 s. Skripta. ISBN 80-210-3295-2.
  • ŠULCOVÁ, Alexandra. Poznámky k přednáškám z farmakologie. 1. vyd. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 1993, 97 s. ISBN 80-210-0640-4. info
Assessment methods (in Czech)
Výuka probíhá dvousemestrálně, formou přednášek (kontinuálně po celý semestr) a cvičení (blokově), vše je povinné. Ukončení - rigorózní zkouška složená ze 2 částí: I. praktická část -preskripce léků, II. teoretická část - ústní projev, student si vylosuje 1 trojotázku a písemný projev, multivýběrový test.
SYLABUS POŽADOVANÉ LÁTKY KE ZKOUŠCE Z FARMAKOLOGIE
Obecná farmakologie
Definice, Pharmacopoea, léková preskripce.
Způsoby aplikace léků, absorpce, distribuce, biotransformace, exkrece, základy farmakokinetiky.
Farmakodynamika, specifické a nespecifické mechanismy účinků léků, receptorová teorie účinků léků, vztah dávka-účinek a koncentrace-účinek, racionální a neracionální lékové kombinace.
Farmakogenetika.
Nežádoucí účinky léků, toxické vedlejší účinky, alergické reakce, sekundární vedlejší účinky, látková závislost.
Lékové interakce, farmakodynamické interakce, farmakokinetické interakce, interakce mezi složkami potravy a léky.
Vývoj nového léku, klinické pokusy.
Obecné zásady terapie otrav.
Speciální farmakologie
Psychoaktivní látky, neuroleptika, antidepresiva, trankvilizéry, psychostimulancia, nootropika, psychotomimetika, hypnosedativa, anorektika.
Analgetika. Opioidy, nenarkotická analgetika. Nesteroidní antiflogistika.
Celková a lokální anestetika.
Myorelaxancia. Antikonvulsiva, antiepileptika.
Antiparkinsonika. Antiemetika.
Ganglioplegika.
Léky ovlivňující sympatický nervový systém, přímá a nepřímá sympatomimetika, selektivní a neselektivní antagonisti adrenergních receptorů, sympatolytika.
Látky ovlivňující parasympatický nervový systém, přímá a nepřímá cholinergika, parasymaptolytika.
Hormony hypothalamu, hypofýzy, štítné žlázy, antithyreoidální látky, insulin, perorální antidiabetika, antihypoglykemika, glukokortikoidy, mineralokortikoidy, estrogeny, antiestrogeny, progestiny, hormonální antikoncepce, androgeny, antiandrogeny, anabolika, ikosanoidy, tokolytika.
Histamin, H1, H2 antihistaminika.
Krevní náhrady, hemostatika, antikoagulancia.
Hypolipidemika.
Kardiotonika, antiarytmika, antianginosní látky, antihypertensiva, diuretika, antidiuretika.
Antiastmatika, antitusika, expektorancia.
Acida a digestiva, antacida, látky snižující motilitu GIT, prokinetika, laxancia, choleretika a cholekinetika.
Kontrastní látky.
Vitamíny.
Antiinfekční látky, antibiotika, antituberkulotika, antimykotika, antimalarika, sulfonamidy, chemoterapeutika.
Imunomodulancia, imunosupresiva.
Chemoterapeutika nádorových onemocnění, blokátory mitosy, alkylační činidla, antimetabolity, ostatní cytostatika, antibiotika, hormony, radioaktivní isotopy.
Language of instruction
Czech
Further comments (probably available only in Czech)
The course is taught annually.
The course is taught: in blocks.
The course is also listed under the following terms Autumn 2000, Autumn 2001, Autumn 2002, Autumn 2003, Autumn 2005.
  • Enrolment Statistics (Autumn 2004, recent)
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