LF:VSHE0322 Histology and embryology II - Course Information

VSHE0322 Histology and Embryology II

Extent and Intensity

2/3/0. 7 credit(s). Type of Completion: RZk (examination).

Teacher(s)

prof. MUDr. RNDr. Svatopluk Čech, DrSc. (lecturer)
prof. MUDr. Drahomír Horký, DrSc. (lecturer)
doc. MUDr. Miroslava Sedláčková, CSc. (lecturer)
prof. MUDr. RNDr. Svatopluk Čech, DrSc. (seminar tutor)
MUDr. Jana Dumková, Ph.D. (seminar tutor)
prof. MUDr. Drahomír Horký, DrSc. (seminar tutor)
MUDr. Lenka Krejčířová, Ph.D. (seminar tutor)
MUDr. Irena Lauschová, Ph.D. (seminar tutor)
doc. MUDr. Miroslava Sedláčková, CSc. (seminar tutor)
doc. MUDr. Jitka Šťastná, CSc. (seminar tutor)

Guaranteed by

prof. MUDr. Drahomír Horký, DrSc.
Department of Histology and Embryology – Theoretical Departments – Faculty of Medicine

Course Enrolment Limitations

The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.

fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with

• Stomatology (programme LF, M-ST)
• General Medicine (programme LF, M-VL)

Course objectives

Course objectives
At the end of the course students should be able to:
1. Understand and explain the structure of a cell, basic structural principles and functions of connective tissues, features of epithelial tissue, structure of different types of muscle tissue, structure and function of nervous tissue.
2. Identify tissue types in histologic slides.
3. Characterize microscopic structure of individual organs of human body and explain correlations of tissues within organs.
4. Describe gamete development, explain principle of meiosis and regulation of gametogenesis.
5. Define the early embryonic development as well as development of fetal membranes, placenta and umbilical cord.
6. Characterize stages of embryonic development, describe the development of individual organ systems of human body.
7. Explain the mechanism of the origin of some developmental anomalies.

Syllabus

• Microscopic anatomy: Mucosa of the respiratory tract (nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses). Microscopic structure of the larynx, epiglottis and trachea. Bronchi and lungs. The pulmonary lobuli and alveoli - structure and function. Blood circulation of lungs. Pleura.
• General structure of the wall of hollow (tubular) organs. Mucosa of the oral cavity - structure of the lip and bucca. Structure of the tongue, structure of the hard and soft palatum. Structure of the tooth, periodontium and alveolar process. Gingiva and gingivodental attachment. Structure and function of the tonsils. Major and minor salivary glands, composition of saliva. Structure of the pharynx, oesophagus and stomach. Function of the gastric mucosa. Gastro-entero-pancreatic system (GEP cells). Small intestine and large intestine. Structure of the intestinal villus. Appendix vermiformis. Rectum and anus. Blood and nerve suply of the intestinal wall. Structure and function of the liver. The liver lobule and blood circulation in the liver. Intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts. The gallbladder. Structure and function of the pancreas.
• Structure and function of the hypophysis. Diencephalo-hypophyseal system, the hypophyseal portal circulation. Structure of the pineal gland. Structure and function of the thyroid gland and parathyroid glands. The adrenal gland. Paraganglia. The islets of Langerhans.
• Structure of the kidney, its blood circulation. Nephron - definition, its parts and histotopography. Function of parts of the nephron. Juxtaglomerular apparatus. Intrarenal excretory ducts. Structure of the renal pelvis, the ureter and the urinary bladder. The male and female urethra.
• Structure and function of the testis. Spermatogenesis and spermiation. Structure of the spermatozoon. Composition of ejaculate. Structure of the epididymis, ductus deferens and ductus ejaculatorius. The prostate gland and seminal vesicles. Structure of the penis and mechanism of erection.
• Structure and function of the ovary. The follicular atresia. Ovarian cycle and its regulation. Corpus luteum - its development, structure, degeneration and function. Structure of the oviduct. Structure of the uterus and and its blood supply. The endometrium and menstrual cycle. Structure of the vagina and vaginal cytology. External genitalia. Placenta - structure and function. Structure of umbilical cord.
• Structure of the skin - epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous coat. Keratinisation of the epidermis. The accessory organs of the skin (glands, hair, nail). The mammary gland.
• Structure of the cerebral cortex. Cyto- and myeloarchitecture. Structure of the cerebellum. Synapses of the cerebellum. Structure of the spinal cord. Ependyma, choroid plexus, meninges. Structure of ganglia and peripheral nerves. Autonomic nervous system.
• Structural components of the retina, the layers of the retina and interrelationships of the neurons. The sclera and cornea. The choroid, ciliary body and iris. Refractile (dioptric) media of the eye (cornea, aqueous humor, lens and vitreous body). The eyelid, lacrimal apparatus, conjunctiva, extrinsic occular muscles. Structure of external, middle and internal ear (maculae staticae, cristae ampulares, ductus cochlearis, organon spirale Corti). Structure of the organ of taste and the organ of smell.
• Special embryology: Development of the spine, the ribs and the sternum. Chorda dorsalis. Development of the skull. Development of the muscle tissue. Development of the limbs.
• Development of the face and cervical region of embryo including clefts (cheilo-, gnato-, palatoschisis). Development of nasal and oral cavities and palatum. Development of tooth, time-sequence of teething (teeth eruption) of the deciduous (milk) and permanent teeth. Development of the tongue and the thyroid gland. The pharyngeal apparatus of embryo, pharyngeal clefts and pouches. Cervical cysts and fistulae.
• Development of the oesophagus, stomach and intestine, development of the rectum. Development of the liver, pancreas and spleen.
• Pronephros and mesonephros, relations of the mesonephros with development of efferent reproductive passages. Metanephros. Cloaca - development of the urinary bladder and urogenital sinus. Overview of abnormities of the urinary system.
• Indifferent period in development of the reproductive system. Development of the testis and the ovary. Development of efferent passages of the reproductive system. Development of external genitals. Congenital abnormities of the reproductive organs.
• Development of the eye (the wall of eyeball, lens, vitreous body, anterior and posterior chambers of eye). Development of the external, middle and internal ear.
• Development of the endocrine glands.
• Development of the skin and skin adnexal organs.
• Development of coelom. Development of diaphragm.
• Early development of nervous system - neural tube and its differentiation. Neural crest (crista neuralis) and its differentiation. Development of the spinal cord and the brain - overview of differentiation of secondary brain vesicles and ventricular system. Overview of developmental malformations of the spinal cord and the brain.

Literature

• HORKÝ, Drahomír, Svatopluk ČECH and Pavel TRÁVNÍK. Obecná histologie (General histology). První. Brno: Vydavatelství MU Brno-Kraví hora, 1995, 147 pp. ISBN 80-210-1254-4. info
• HORKÝ, Drahomír and Svatopluk ČECH. Mikroskopická anatomie (Microscopical anatomy). První. Brno: Vydavatelství MU, 1999, 353 pp. ISBN 80-210-2208-6. info
• JUNQUEIRA, Luiz Carlos Uchôa, José CARNEIRO and Robert O. KELLEY. Základy histologie. 1. vyd. v ČR. Jinočany: H & H, 1997, vi, 502 s. ISBN 80-85787-37-7. info
• ČECH, Svatopluk, Drahomír HORKÝ, Irena LAUSCHOVÁ, Miroslava SEDLÁČKOVÁ and Jitka ŠŤASTNÁ. Histologická praktika a metody vyšetřování tkání a orgánů (Histological practicals and methods of investigation of tissues and organs). První. Brno: Vydavatelství MU Brno-Kraví hora, 1998, 162 pp. ISBN 80-210-1774-0. info
• ČECH, Svatopluk and Pavel TRÁVNÍK. Základy embryologie člověka (Basic Human Embryology). První-dotisk. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 1997, 114 pp. ISBN 80-210-0562-9. info
• Embryologie pro pediatry :učebnice pro lékařské fakulty. Edited by Zdeněk Vacek. 2. dopl. vyd. Praha: Univerzita Karlova, 1992, 313 s., ba. ISBN 80-7066-562-9. info
• KAPELLER, Karol and Viera POSPÍŠILOVÁ. Embryológia človeka: učebnica pre lekárske fakulty. Martin: Osveta, 2001, 370 pp. ISBN 80-8063-072-0. info

Teaching methods

The course includes both lectures (VSHE0322p) and practical training (VSHE0322p).

Assessment methods

Oral examination includes practical and theoretical part. At practical exam, student should identify minimally 8 out of 10 slides. At theoretical part, student will answer 4 questions: 1st - general histology and cytology, 2nd - microscopic anatomy, 3rd - general embryology, 4th - special embryology.

Language of instruction

Czech

Further comments (probably available only in Czech)

Course is no more offered.
The course is taught: every week.

• Enrolment Statistics (Autumn 2009, recent)
  
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