LF:VLPF0521p Pathophysiology I - lecture - Course Information

VLPF0521p Patholphysiology I - lecture

Extent and Intensity

2/0/0. 0 credit(s). Type of Completion: z (credit).

Teacher(s)

prof. MUDr. Kateřina Kaňková, Ph.D. (lecturer)
prof. MUDr. Anna Vašků, CSc. (lecturer)
prof. RNDr. Monika Pávková Goldbergová, Ph.D. (lecturer)
prof. MUDr. Julie Dobrovolná, Ph.D. (lecturer)
doc. RNDr. Sabina Ševčíková, Ph.D. (lecturer)
Věra Ježková (assistant)
Mgr. Lukáš Pácal, Ph.D. (assistant)

Guaranteed by

prof. MUDr. Kateřina Kaňková, Ph.D.
Department of Pathophysiology – Theoretical Departments – Faculty of Medicine
Contact Person: prof. MUDr. Kateřina Kaňková, Ph.D.
Supplier department: Department of Pathophysiology – Theoretical Departments – Faculty of Medicine

Timetable

Wed 20. 10. to Wed 8. 12. Wed 13:35–15:15 B22/116 aula; and Wed 22. 9. 13:35–15:15 B22/116 aula, Wed 29. 9. 13:35–15:15 B22/116 aula, Wed 6. 10. 13:35–15:15 B22/116 aula, Wed 13. 10. 13:35–15:15 B11/334, Wed 15. 12. 13:35–15:15 B22/116 aula

Prerequisites

( VLFY0422p Physiology II - lecture || VSFY0422p Physiology II - lecture ) && ( VSBC041p Biochemistry II -l || VLBC0422p Biochemistry I -lect. ) && ( VLAN0222p Anatomy II l || VSAN0333p Anatomy III - lec. ) && ( VLHE0322p Histology and embryology II -l || VSHE0322p Histology and embryology II -l ) && VLLM0421c Med.Microbiol.
In order to comprehend the pathophysiology of the given disease student should have solid knowledge from theoretical disciplines preceding this course in the medical curriculum. In particular, anatomy (to imagine a site affected by disease and neighboring structures), biochemistry (mainly focusing on metabolism), physiology (functioning of the healthy body), immunology (since the immune system is involved to some degree in the majority of disease processes) and microbiology (pathogens representing an important biological external cause of disease).

Course Enrolment Limitations

The course is only offered to the students of the study fields the course is directly associated with.

fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with

• General Medicine (programme LF, M-VL) (2)

Course objectives

Pathophysiology is a subject focusing on causes (aetiology) and mechanisms of disease development (pathogenesis) incl. changes inflicted by diseases on the level of the whole organism. Disease is usually (with exception of sudden events) a long terms process hidden (asymptomatic) for some time and only later and under certain circumstances might become clinically apparent illness. We aim to help the students to understand WHY and HOW are the changes unfolded. We also aspire to facilitate understanding disease etiopathogenesis complexly, i.e. from initial molecular and/or genetic alterations, via cellular, tissue and organ or event. systemic process. Pathophysiology represents an integrating discipline in medical curriculum bridging the theoretical/preclinical and clinical phase. Inextricably, despite the predominantly theoretical nature of the subject, we want to contribute to the building of the „evidence based medicine“ paradigm accompanied by the appreciation of the „precision medicine“ concept.

Learning outcomes

Student defines the states of health vs. disease
Student identifies main sources of interindividual variability
Student discusses factors determining population frequencies of alleles
Student distinguishes between mutation vs. polymorphisms and derives the possible biological consequences
Student describes basisc principles of lab methods characterising human genome and its variability
Student summarises major types of DNA repair and its significance for disease development
Student characterises major features of monogenic vs. complex diseases
Student discusses core principles of gene therapy
Student understands the term of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics
Student categories the types and effects of external factors on disease development
Student explains the importance of epigenetics and identifies major types of epigenetic mechanisms
Student describes the pathophysiology of stress reaction
Student defines the homeostasis and explains its regulation
Student is able to describe basis principles of multicellular organism functioning and regulation
Student discusses disorders of growth and development from ontogenetic point of view
Student describes the consequences of hypoxia including HIF-1 program
Student explains main differences between local and systemic inflammation
Student explains the pathogenesis of edema
Student discusses the etiopathogenesis of the most important electrolyte disturbances
Student discusses the etiopathogenesis of common base acid-base balance disturbances and their compensation
Student understands the principles of volume and tonicity regulation and provides examples of their disorders
Student discusses the role of platelets and physiological endothelium in maintaining an anti-aggregation state and understands basic principles of anti-aggregation therapy
Student understands the principles and performance of common coagulation tests
Student characterizes the process of the normal wound healing with examples of pathological healing
Student understands the principles of malignant transformation of the cell and of the cancer progression incl. local and systemic consequences
Student discusses the pathophysiology of urgent states in oncology
Student explains the pathophysiology of micronutrients incl. consequences of vitamin deficiencies
Student explains mechanisms of genomic and non- genomic effects of lipid soluble vitamins
Student discusses the pathophysiology of protein metabolism disorders
Student understands the basic principles of glucose metabolism regulation and the sources of its impairment
Student interprets the knowledge of principles of immune recognition of self- vs. foreign structures on examples of organ-specific and systemic autoimmune disorders
Student applies the knowledge of immune hypersensitive reaction in pathophysiology of atopic and allergic diseases
Student describes the process of heart and vessels remodelling and its consequences
Student applies the knowledge of chronobiology for an explanation of different pathophysiological changes

Syllabus

• T1: Patofyziologie oběh. systému I – metabolismus myokardu - ateroskleróza – ischemická choroba srdce [Prof. MUDr. Kateřina Kaňková, PhD.]
• T2: Patofyziologie oběh. systému II - angina pectoris – akutní koronární syndromy – komplikace infarktu myokardu [Prof. MUDr. Anna Vašků, CSc.]
• T3: Vymezení oboru patologická fyziologie - zdraví a nemoc - obecné příčiny nemocí - etiologie a patogeneze – syndrom/symptom s využitím tématu PF oběhového systému [[Prof. MUDr. Kateřina Kaňková, PhD.]
• T4: Patofyziologie oběh. systému III – tlakové a objemové přetížení srdce (zejm. systémová arteriální hypertenze, srdeční vady, kardiomyopatie) - systolická a diastolická dysfunkce - remodelace myokardu - srdeční selhání [Prof. MUDr. Anna Vašků, CSc.]
• T5: Patofyziologie dýchacího systému I – obstrukční nemoci (astma bronchiale a CHOPN) [Prof. MUDr. Anna Vašků, CSc.]
• T6: Buňka / tkáň / orgán / mnohobuněčný organismus - regulace proliferace, diferenciace a zániku buněk (nekróza vs. apoptóza v patofyziologickém kontextu), tkáňové poškození – cytokiny a chemokiny, akutní zánět, reakce akutní fáze - regenerace / reparace - hojení ran a jeho poruchy [Prof. RNDr. Monika Pávková-Goldbergová, PhD.]
• T7: Patofyziologie dýchacího systému II – poruchy výměny plynů v plicích – kr. plyny, řízení ventilace – ventilačně-perfuzní nepoměr – hypoxická vazokonstrikce - syndromy respirační insuficience [Prof. MUDr. Kateřina Kaňková, PhD.]
• T8: Patofyziologie dýchacího systému III – poruchy cirkulace v plicích – plicní hypertenze - klasifikace plic. edémů – embolie – surfaktant a syndromy dech. tísně - vybraná restrikční onemocnění plic [Prof. MUDr. Kateřina Kaňková, PhD.]
• T9: Akutní zánět jako fyziol. obrana vs. chronický zánět jako patologický proces – příčiny, průběh, lokální vs. systémový, příklady v jednotl. lokalizacích, sepse, SIRS, MODS a šok [Prof. MUDr. Julie Dobrovolná, PhD.]
• T10: Státní svátek
• T11: Nádor jako systémová choroba - paraneoplastické syndromy – nádorová kachexie - akutní stavy v onkologii [Prof. MUDr. Anna Vašků, CSc.]
• T12: Patofyziologie vylučovacího systému I – regulace glomerulární hemodynamiky – GFR a její stanovení – patologie glom. filtrační membrány – proteinurie, nemoci glomerulů (glomerulopatie a glomerulonefritidy) [Prof. MUDr. Kateřina Kaňková, PhD.]
• T13: Patofyziologie vylučovacího systému II – akutní a chronické selhání ledvin [Prof. MUDr. Kateřina Kaňková, PhD.]
• T14: Patofyziologie vnitřní sekrece I – homeostáza, principy regulace a jejich poruchy - stresová reakce a stres jako patofyziologický fenomén [Prof. MUDr. Julie Dobrovolná, PhD.]

Literature

required literature
• NEČAS, Emanuel a spol. Obecná patologická fyziologie. 1. vyd. Praha: Karolinum, 2000, 377 pp. ISBN 80-246-0051-X. info
• NEČAS, Emanuel. Patologická fyziologie orgánových systémů. 1. vyd. Praha: Karolinum, 2003, 379 s. ISBN 9788024606750. info
• NEČAS, Emanuel. Patologická fyziologie orgánových systémů. 1. vyd. Praha: Karolinum, 2003, s. 381-760. ISBN 9788024606743. info

recommended literature
• PÁVKOVÁ GOLDBERGOVÁ, Monika. Patofyziologie v obrazech. Vydání první. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 2016, 186 stran. ISBN 9788021083233. info

not specified
• KUMAR, Vinay, Abul K. ABBAS and Jon C. ASTER. Robbins & Cotran pathologic basis of disease. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2015, xvi, 1391. ISBN 9780323266161. info

Teaching methods

lecture

Assessment methods

The attendance of lectures and only one absence on practicals per semester are necessary for succesfull accomplishment of the subject. Continous control of knowlledge in practicals is fully in powers of teachers (assays, tests...). Elaborated proceedings of practicals will be put to teachers for credit.

Language of instruction

Czech

Further comments (probably available only in Czech)

Study Materials
The course is taught annually.
Information on the extent and intensity of the course: 30.

Teacher's information

https://patfyz.med.muni.cz/
Due to the current situation regarding the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 epidemics a concomitant measures imposed by Czech government, South Moravia regional epidemiology office and university management we will combine contact teaching (practicals) together with lectures accompanied by online lecture stream. Handouts for lectures will be provided via IS in pdf.

• Enrolment Statistics (autumn 2021, recent)
  
• Permalink: https://is.muni.cz/course/med/autumn2021/VLPF0521p