aVLPA0521p Pathology I - lecture

Faculty of Medicine
autumn 2024
Extent and Intensity
3/0/0. 2 credit(s). Type of Completion: z (credit).
Teacher(s)
prof. MUDr. Markéta Hermanová, Ph.D. (lecturer)
doc. MUDr. Leoš Křen, Ph.D. (lecturer)
MUDr. Víta Žampachová (lecturer)
Linda Penčová (assistant)
MUDr. Sylva Hotárková (lecturer)
MUDr. Iva Staniczková Zambo, Ph.D. (lecturer)
MUDr. Ctirad Macháček (seminar tutor)
MUDr. Katarína Múčková (seminar tutor)
Markéta Grozertová (assistant)
Dana Navrátilová (assistant)
Guaranteed by
doc. MUDr. Leoš Křen, Ph.D.
Department of Pathology – Joint workplaces with the University Hospital Brno - workplaces of the Bohunice and Mater. Hospital – Faculty of Medicine
Contact Person: Dana Navrátilová
Supplier department: First Department of Pathology – Institutions shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital – Faculty of Medicine (50,00 %), Department of Pathology – Joint workplaces with the University Hospital Brno - workplaces of the Bohunice and Mater. Hospital – Faculty of Medicine (50,00 %)
Timetable
Mon 16:40–19:10 PatÚI N01008
Prerequisites (in Czech)
aVLAN0222p Anatomy II - lec. && aVLHE0322p Histology and embryology II -l && aVLLM0421c Med.Microbiol. I - prac. && aVLBC0422c Biochemistry II - practice && aVLBC0422s Biochemistry II - seminar && aVLFY0422c Physiology II - practice && aVLFY0422s Physiology II - seminar
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is only offered to the students of the study fields the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
Course objectives
The main stress in the pathology course is given on macroscopic and microscopic correlation of diseases. After finishing the course the student should be able to: understand the basic pathologic processes (regressive changes, inflammaton, oncology, immune disorders); understand and be able to apply the basic classification of oncologic processes; understand the basic classification of etiologically defined processes (esp. infectious diseases); learn the most important methods used in diagnostic process and research (tissue processing, special stainings, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, molecular pathology); understand various disorders with respect to individual organs and organ systems; get familiar with the process of autopsy (the process of the autopsy and its evaluation); get familiar with laboratory processing of the tissue samples (description, tissue sampling);
Learning outcomes
Student is able:
- to explain the discussed terms and concepts.
- to recognize and describe the macroscopic morphology of the basic diseases.
- to recognize and describe the microscopic morphology of the basic diseases.
- to know the etiology of the basic diseases.
- to describe the pathophysiology of the basic diseases.
- to describe the main symptoms of the basic diseases.
Syllabus
  • General Pathology
  • Pathology and its role in medicine.
  • Methodology: autopsy, clinicopathological correlation, surgical pathology (biopsy), ways of tissue examination and fixation
  • Cytology.
  • The disease, its definition and course. External and internal causes of disease. Prevention.
  • Death (clinical and biological). Signs of death.
  • Regressive changes, necrosis (classification, causes). Atrophy: numeric and simple. Dystrophy: metabolic disorders of proteins, glycids, fat, water, minerals and pigments.
  • Inflammation: definition, local and general signs, microscopic and macroscopic. Inflammation: classification, nomenclature. Immunity disorders, transplantation pathology.
  • Progressive changes. Regeneration, reparation, wound healing. Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia. Pseudotumors: cysts, pseudocysts, inflammatory pseudotumor. Disorders of embryonal development.
  • Tumors: definition, general properties, etiology, precanceroses. Biology of tumors: benign, malignant and uncertain tumors. Systematic classification of tumors: epithelial, mesenchymal, neuroectodermal and germinal tumors, choriocarcinoma, mesothelioma.
  • Organ pathology
  • Disorders of the heart, circulation of the blood and lymph: Congenital and acquired heart diseases, changes in size and shape of the heart. Pathological contents of the pericardium. Inflammation, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction. Circulatory failure. Hypertension. Disorders of arteries and veins: atherosclerosis, aneurysm, inflammation, anemia, polycytemia. Local circulatory disorders: thrombosis, embolism. Bleeding. Lymfadenitis. Tumors.
  • Respiratory disorders: Pathology of upper respiratory pathways: rhinitis, laryngitis, bronchitis. Tumors and pseudotumors. Changes in pulmonary ventilation and circulation (venostasis, edema, induration, infarction, embolism). Silicosis and other external pigmentations. Superficial, interstitial and chronic inflammations of the lung. Pulmonary tumors. Pathology of the pleura.
  • Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract: Pathology of the oral cavity, pharynx, tonsillae and esophagus. Gastiris, peptic ulcers, gastric tumors. Pathology of the gut: disorders of circulation, inflammation. Appendicitis, malabsorption syndrome. Ileus, herniation. Intestinal tumors. Inflammation of the peritoneum, pathological contents of peritoneal cavity.
Literature
    required literature
  • Underwood's pathology : a clinical approach. Edited by Simon S. Cross. 6th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2013, xviii, 769. ISBN 9780702046735. info
    recommended literature
  • KUMAR, Vinay, Abul K. ABBAS and Jon C. ASTER. Robbins & Cotran pathologic basis of disease. Illustrated by James A. Perkins. Ninth edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2015, xvi, 1391. ISBN 9780808924500. info
Teaching methods
Pathology course consists of lectures and practical classes. Teaching consists of theoretical part (lectures) and practical part (laboratory practice). Practical courses consist of histological practice (microscopical and macroscopical images of autoptical and bioptical specimens are demonstrated and discussed) and autoptical practice (presence and ev. participation in autopsies). Hypertext teaching materials for the students are available in our teaching rooms as well on the Internet. These materials contain about 3000 images of various imaging methods (macroscopic, x-ray, CT, MRI images, histological images, partially available as virtual slides, videos). Lectures and practicals are complementary. General information and new updates on classifications as well as images are presented at the lectures. Practicals add further information, histopathologically and autoptical experience. Further information is provided in our web-based teaching materials. Various forms of testing are used to give the students proper feedback. Students are supposed to prepare for each practical lesson. The topic for each practical lesson as well as for each lecture is available. Practical training (about5 % of the total volume of teaching) is complemented by a comprehensive range of simulation teaching methods on simulators with varying degrees of fidelity, trainers and virtual patients. Simulation results in subsequent debriefing (feedback to the student). There is also problem-oriented learning in the foreground, where the student is taught by solving the problem presented, as well as team-oriented teaching when small groups of students discuss and choose a solution to the problem. Emphasis is also placed on the development of soft skills, incl. so-called "21st-century skills", particularly communication, decision-making skills, critical thinking, crisis communication and teamwork.
Assessment methods
Lectures: 3 hours/week Practical classes: 4 hours/week; microscopic and autoptic lessons. The course of pathology is closed by oral exam. Attendance is compulsory; knowledge of the students is periodically tested during the practical classes. Testing can be either oral or written (multichoice tests, essays). Exam after two semesters of pathology has two parts: practical and theoretical. The practical part of the exam takes the form of a discussion over the microscope or over macroscopical or microscopical images. In the theoretical part of the exam, the students discuss after short preparation randomly selected topics. The list of these topics is available to the students in advance. Traditional methods are complemented by objective clinical evaluation that verifies clinical knowledge and other skills such as communication, physical examination, performance, performance interpretation, etc. This evaluation method provides students with objective and specific feedback.
Language of instruction
English
Further comments (probably available only in Czech)
Study Materials
The course is taught annually.
Information on the extent and intensity of the course: 45.
The course is also listed under the following terms Autumn 2017, autumn 2018, autumn 2019, autumn 2020, autumn 2021, autumn 2022, autumn 2023.
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