STFA0621p Pharmacology - lectures

Faculty of Medicine
Spring 2009
Extent and Intensity
2/0/0. 0 credit(s). Type of Completion: -.
Teacher(s)
prof. MUDr. Alexandra Šulcová, CSc. (lecturer)
prof. MUDr. Eva McCaskey Hadašová, CSc. (lecturer)
Prof. MUDr. PhDr. Jan Kovařík, DrSc. (lecturer), prof. MUDr. Alexandra Šulcová, CSc. (deputy)
prof. MUDr. Jiří Vítovec, CSc. (lecturer)
Ing. Pavel Musil (lecturer)
Guaranteed by
prof. MUDr. Alexandra Šulcová, CSc.
Department of Pharmacology – Theoretical Departments – Faculty of Medicine
Contact Person: prof. MUDr. Alexandra Šulcová, CSc.
Prerequisites (in Czech)
VSPF0521c Pathophysiol. I - practice. && VSPA0521c Pathology - practice
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is only offered to the students of the study fields the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
Course objectives
From the course on pharmacology students are expected to obtain: a) from lectures and seminars: a clarification of integration in the field of biomedical subjects such as chemistry, physiology, molecular biology, pathology and pathological physiology enabling them to understand why, what mechanism by, and what conditions on, drugs and their combinations may elicit therapeutic, adverse, and toxic effects. They will acquire an orientation in drug classes according to their main therapeutic indications with an attention paid to common drug-drug interactions, too. Information on drug development process, rules of preclinical and clinical drug testing will also be given. b) from practicals: a training in practical skills in "pharmacological thinking" in cases of need to make a choice of drug, dosing regimen, rout and techniques of administration, and an elimination of adverse interactions with drugs simultaneously given.
Syllabus
  • LECTURES ON PHARMACOLOGY - Spring Semester
  • 1/: Introduction to pharmacology. The scope and historical development of modern pharmacology, its position in the system of medical education.
  • 2/: Basic pharmacological terms, definitions. Types of pharmacotherapy and drug effects. Therapeutic Index. Teratogenic drug effects.
  • 3/: Drug delivery approaches, routes of administration, prolonged release preparations.
  • 4/: Mechanisms of drug action, non-specific, specific. Classical receptors and ligand binding. Receptor subtypes, autoreceptors, heteroreceptors.
  • 5/: Concentration-response relationship. Pharmacokinetic principles. Drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination.
  • 6/: Pharmacogenetics. Combined drug effects.
  • 7/: Physiological and pathological factors influencing drug effects. Changes of drug effects after the repeated administration. Quantitative and qualitative deviations in drug effects, hypo-, and hyperergic reactions, allergy.
  • 8/: Drug therapy in children, general principles, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic peculiaritis. Pharmacotherapy in neonates.
  • 9/: Adverse drug effects. Toxic responses. The management of poisoning.
  • 10/: Drug discovery and development, preclinical and clinical examination and evaluation. Regulation and guidelines for "Good Clinical Practice". Collaboration of experimental and clinical pharmacologists.
  • 11/: Purposeful pharmacotherapy. Importance of the pharmacological anamnesis, monitoring of drug pharmacotherapy, risk of pharmacotherapy.
  • 12/: Principles of pharmacovigilance, duties of physicians and pharmaceutical companies, general rules in drug promotion.
  • 13/: Autonomic nervous systems, mediators, overview. Adrenergic mediation, alfa and beta sympatomimetics. Ganglion blocking drugs. Myorelaxants. Pharmacology of the autonomic Enteric Nervous System.
  • 14/: Analgesics, mechanisms of morphine and acetylsalicylic acid effects. Pain control in selected states. Nicotin, side effects, toxicity, clinical problems. Therapy and prevention of nicotinism.
Literature
  • LINCOVÁ, Dagmar and Hassan FARGHALI. Základní a aplikovaná farmakologie. 2., dopl. a přeprac. vyd. Praha: Galén, 2007, xxiv, 672. ISBN 9788072623730. info
  • Šulcová, Alexandra. Poznámky k přednáškám z farmakologie. 1. vyd. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 1993. 97 s. ISBN 80-210-0640-4.
  • DOSTÁLEK, Miroslav, Jan JUŘICA, Eva JANOŠTÍKOVÁ and Lucia ZAHRADNÍKOVÁ. Farmakokinetika (Pharmacokinetics). ČR: Grada, 2006, 220 pp. Farmacie a farmakologie. ISBN 80-247-1464-7. info
  • http://portal.med.muni.cz/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=367
  • RANG, H. P. Pharmacology. 5th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2003, vii, 797. ISBN 0443071454. info
  • Ritter, James M. - Lewis, Lionel D. - Mant, Timothy G.K. - Ferro, Albert. A Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 5th Ed., Hodder Arnold, 2008. 465 s. ISBN 978-0-340-90046-8
  • HOWLAND, Richard D. and Mary Julia MYCEK. Pharmacology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006, vii, 552. ISBN 0781741181. info
  • Pharmaceutical Practice, 3rd Ed. Winfield, A.J. & Richards, R.M.E., eds. Churchill Livingstone, 2004, ISBN 0443 07206 X
Assessment methods
During the studying the student has to prove active knowledge of pharmacology acquired to get the credit. The student has to pass the prescription test and the final written exam - multiple-choice test.


EXAMPLES OF QUESTIONS DEALING WITH DRUG PRESCRIPTION Prescribe: Liquid powder against itching Narrow-spectrum penicillin (ready-made) Prescribe: Iodine solution in alcohol for wound dressing Aminoglycoside preparation (ready-made) Prescribe: Local anaesthetic for topical application on mucosal surface in ORL Oral analgesic preparation containing paracetamol (ready-made) Prescribe: Solution of diluted hydrogen peroxide Spasmolytic drug (ready-made) Prescribe: Dusting powder (without the active component) Non-barbiturate hypnotic drug (ready-made) Prescribe: Disinfectant eye drops with adstringent effect Drug for treatment of hypertension (ready-made) Prescribe: Jarisch solution for the foments Antirheumatic agent (ready-made) Prescribe: Local anaesthetic for corneal anaesthesia Antiemetic drug (ready-made) Prescribe: I. v. infusion of 5% glucose solution - 1000 ml Antitussive agent (ready-made) Prescribe: Codeine in drops (p.o.) Ointment with corticosteroid (ready-made) Prescribe: Expectorant with bronchodilator component Chemotherapeutic preparation against urinary infections (ready-made) Prescribe: Solution of diluted hydrogen peroxide Ointment with corticosteroid (ready-made) Prescribe: Disinfectant eye drops with adstringent effect Anti-inflamatory oral preparation (ready-made) Prescribe: A cough suppressant (opioid derivate) in capsules Proton pump inhibitor for treatment of peptic ulcer (ready-made) Prescribe: Morphine for oral administration Non-salicylate antipyretic preparation (ready-made) Prescribe: Ant-tussive/expectorant mixture Short-acting benzodiazepine hypnotic (ready-made) Prescribe: Oral drops with atropine Antibiotic ointment (ready-made) Prescribe: Salicylic acid ointment (3%) Cardiac glycoside in injections (ready-made)













EXAMPLES OF QUESTIONS ON GENERAL PHARMACOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES Abnormal reaction to a drug Abnormal responses to drugs Absorption and distribution of drugs Adverse drug effects Antagonism in drug effects Basic pharmacokinetic processes Biopharmaceutical drug interactions Classification of receptors Competitive dualism (partial agonism) Dependence of drug effect on a route of administration Development of a new drug Drug addiction Drug allergy Drug delivery approaches Drug elimination half-life; rate constant Drug excretion Drug interactions with serum proteins Drug metabolism Drug-receptor interactions Effects of age on drug effects Enteral administration of drugs Enzyme induction and inhibition Excretion of drugs General principles of pharmacokinetics Kinetics of drug oral administration Non-specific mechanisms of drug effects Parenteral drug administration Parenteral routs of administration: characteristics; demands on injected solutions Pharmacodynamic drug interactions Pharmacogenetics Pharmacokinetic drug interactions Pharmacokinetic processes determining serum drug concentration Pharmacological mechanisms of drug effects Pharmacopoea Pharmadynamic drug interactions Possible mechanisms of synergistic drug effects Principles of the "Good Clinical Practice" Receptor-mediated drug effects Regulation of drug development Sites of drug binding in the organism Synergistic and antagonistic drug/drug interactions Synerism in drug effects Targets for drug action The management of poisoning Therapeutic ratio Type of drug effect changes after its repeated administration Types of drug doses EXAMPLES OF QUESTIONS ON "DRUG CLASSES" ACE-inhibitors Adrenomimetic agents Alpha-sympatolytics Aminoglycosides Antacids Antianginal agents Anti-anxiety drugs Antibiotics against gram-negative bacteria Anticoagulants Antidepressants Antidiabetics Antidysrhytmic drugs I. Antidysrhytmic drugs II., III., IV. Antiemetics Antiepileptic drugs Antifungal drugs Antihypertensive drugs Anti-inflammatory drugs Antipsychotics Anti-rheumatic drugs Antiviral drugs Beta-blockers Calcium channel blockers Cancer chemotherapetics Central nervous system stimulants Disinfectants and antiseptics Diuretics Drugs to treat anemia Folic acid and vitamin B12 Ganglionic blockers General anesthetics for IV (IM) administration Histamine H1-receptor blockers Hypno-sedatives Cholinergic drugs Inotropic drugs Lipid-lowering drugs Local anesthetics Neuromuscular blocking drugs Non-narcotic analgesics Non-steroidal anti-inflamatory agents Opioid analgesics Parasympathomimetics Pharmacotherapy of asthma bronchiale Pharmacotherapy of myocardial infarction Pharmacotherapy of Parkinson`s Pharmacotherapy of peptic ulcers Spasmolytic agents for systemic administration Sulphonamides Tetracyclines Vasodilators Vitamines








QUESTIONS "ON DETAILED KNOWLEDGE" from the "13th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines" acetazolamide acetylcysteine acetylsalicylic acid aciclovir alcuronium allopurinol aluminium hydroxide amikacin amoxycilline amphetamine amplodipine amiloride aminophylline aminosalicylic acid (p-aminosalicylic acid) amitriptyline amoxicillin amoxicillin + clavulanic acid amphotericin B ampicillin antihaemorrhoidal medicine - local anaesthetic, astringent and anti-inflammatory medicine ascorbic acid asparaginase atenolol atropine azathioprine azithromycin beclometasone benzathine benzylpenicillin benznidazole benzoic acid + salicylic acid benzylpenicillin betamethasone bezafibrate biperiden bleomycin bupivacaine calcium gluconate capreomycin carbamazepine ceftazidime ceftriaxone charcoal, activated chlorambucil chloramphenicol chlorhexidine chloroquine chlorpromazine cholestyramine, colestipol ciclosporin ciprofloxacin cisplatin clindamycin clomifene clomipramine clonazepam cloxacillin codeine colchicine cromoglicic acid cyclophosphamide cycloserine cyclosporin cytarabine dacarbazine dactinomycin daunorubicin deferoxamine dexamethasone dextran 70 diazepam digoxine dimercaprol dobutamine dopamine doxorubicin doxycycline efavirenz (EFV or EFZ) enalapril ephedrine epinephrine (adrenaline) ergocalciferol ergometrine ergotamine erythromycin ethambutol ethanol ether, anaesthetic ethinylestradiol ethosuximide etoposide factor IX complex concentrate (coagulation factors, II, VII, IX, X)* factor VIII concentrate ferrous salt fluconazole flucytosine fluorouracil fluoxetine fluphenazine folic acid furosemide gentamicin glibenclamide glyceryl trinitrate griseofulvin gold compounds haloperidol halothane heparine hydralazine hydrochlorothiazide hydrocortisone hydroxocobalamin ibuprofen idoxuridine imipenem + cilastatin indinavir (IDV) insulin (intermediate-acting) insulin (soluble) iodine ipratropium bromide isoniazid isoprenaline isosorbide dinitrate kanamycin ketamine lamivudine (3TC) levamisole levodopa + carbidopa levofloxacin levothyroxine lidocaine lidocaine + epinephrine (adrenaline) lithium carbonate losartan ritonavir magnesium hydroxide magnesium sulfate mannitol maprotiline, mianserin mebendazole medroxyprogesterone acetate mercaptopurine metformin methadone methotrexate methyldopa methylrosanilinium chloride (gentian violet) methylthioninium chloride (methylene blue) metoclopramide metronidazole miconazole morphine nalidixic acid naloxone nelfinavir (NFV) neomycin + bacitracin neostigmine nevirapine (NVP) nicotine nifedipine nitrofurantoin nitric oxide nitrous oxide norethisterone nystatin ofloxacin omeprazole ondansetron oxytocin paracetamol penicillamine pentamidine phenobarbital phenoxymethylpenicillin phenytoin phytomenadione pilocarpine potassium chloride potassium iodide praziquantel prazosine prednisolone primaquine procainamide procaine benzylpenicillin procarbazine promethazine propranolol propylthiouracil protamine sulfate pyridostigmine pyridoxine quinidine quinine ranitidine retinol riboflavin rifampicin ritonavir ( r ) salbutamol salicylic acid saquinavir (SQV) silver nitrate sodium nitrite sodium nitroprusside spectinomycin spironolactone stavudine (d4T) streptokinase streptomycin sulfadiazine sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim sulfasalazine suxamethonium tacrine, donepezil tamoxifen testosterone tetracaine tetracycline theophylline thiamine thiopental timolol tolbutamide trimethoprim tropicamide tubocurarine urea valproate vancomycin vecuronium verapamil vinblastine vincristine vitamin D warfarin zidovudine
Language of instruction
Czech
Further comments (probably available only in Czech)
The course is taught annually.
The course is taught: every week.
The course is also listed under the following terms Spring 2005, Spring 2006, Spring 2007, Spring 2008, Spring 2010.
  • Enrolment Statistics (Spring 2009, recent)
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