BLHM0422c Histopathological techniques II

Faculty of Medicine
spring 2025
Extent and Intensity
0/2/0. 3 credit(s). Type of Completion: zk (examination).
In-person direct teaching
Teacher(s)
PhDr. Květoslava Matulová (seminar tutor)
Michaela Gregorovičová (assistant)
Dana Navrátilová (assistant)
Guaranteed by
PhDr. Květoslava Matulová
Department of Pathology – Joint workplaces with the University Hospital Brno - workplaces of the Bohunice and Mater. Hospital – Faculty of Medicine
Contact Person: MUDr. Jitka Kyclová
Supplier department: Department of Pathology – Joint workplaces with the University Hospital Brno - workplaces of the Bohunice and Mater. Hospital – Faculty of Medicine
Prerequisites
BLHM0321c Histopath. Tech. I
The student have to have completed the subject Histopathological examination methods I.
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is only offered to the students of the study fields the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
Course objectives
This course is devoted to application of histologic methods in practical pathomorphologic diagnostics (bioptic and necroptic). Student will get to know the practical operation in histopathologic laboratory and obtain skills in demonstration of constituent tissue components by means of histologic, histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques as well as some procedures of molecular biology. Within scope of this course, student will learn recent methods of histopathologic diagnostics of tumors and other pathomorphologic units.
Learning outcomes
After finishing the course the student will be able to: - prepare formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue blocks - cut the tissue slices and place them on to glass microscope slides and perform routine hematoxylin-eosin staining and special staining - process cytological material - process intraoperative biopsy
Syllabus
  • Collecting of material for histologic examination. Fixation – physical and chemical fixatives.
  • Dehydration, clearing, embedding into paraffin and celloidin, cutting on sliding and rotary microtomes, cryostat.
  • Staining of histologic sections: types of histologic staining dyes and staining methods. Synoptic staining: hematoxylin – eosine (HE), Weigert-van Gieson, trichromes, AZAN, Mallory staining. Impregnation, evidence of inorganic substances, reticular fibers, pigments.
  • Structure and work of Department of pathology. Laboratory segments within pathology. Equipment of reception office, dispatch note.
  • Types of bioptic collection - biopsy during operation, trepanobiopsy, transport of bioptic material, microexcision, puncture.
  • Adjustment of tissue block, processing machines, registration of samples, time relations for expedition of bioptic findings.
  • Autopsy, structure and working content of autoptic segment of pathology. Didactic segment of pathologic department.
  • Cytodiagnostic, preparation of cytologic smears, cytoblocks, cytospin. Cytologic diagnostics of uterine cervix. Cytologic diagnostics in pneumology, cytologic screening.
  • Histochemistry, basic types of reactions. Collecting of material, fixation, freezing, cryostat sections for histochemical reactions (enzymes, lipids, glycides).
  • Histochemical demonstration of enzymes, basic types of reactions. Evidence of enzymes at malabsorption syndrome and in myopathology.
  • Classification and histochemistry of lipids, basic staining, extraction methods to distinguish polar and apolar lipids. Application – steatosis.
  • Classification and histochemistry of glycides, PAS reaction, staining with alcian blue, application on gastronitestinal tract biopsies. Histochemical demonstration of amyloid, copper and iron.
  • Fundamentals of immunohistochemical reactions, mono- and polyclonal antibodies.
  • Intermedial filaments (cytokeratins, vimentin, desmin, GFAP, neurofilaments), signification for specification of tissue types and their tumorous derivatives. Steps in immunohistochemical diagnostic of tumors.
  • CD antigens and antibodies, application in hematology and in diagnostic of malignant lymphomas.
  • Molecular pathologic methods in diagnostic. Principles of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
  • Principles of PCR. Advantage and disadvantage of this technique. Differences between immunohistochemical analysis and immunobloting.
Literature
    recommended literature
  • JIRKOVSKÁ, Marie. Histologická technika : pro studenty lékařství a zdravotnické techniky. 1. vyd. Praha: Galén, 2006, 80 s. ISBN 8072622633. info
    not specified
  • BALKO, Jan, Zbyněk TONAR and Ivan VARGA. Memorix histologie. Edited by Radovan Hudák. 2. doplněné vydání. Praha: Triton, 2017, 555 stran. ISBN 9788075532497. info
  • Theory and practice of histological techniques. Edited by John D. Bancroft - Marilyn Gamble. 5th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2003, xiii, 796. ISBN 0443064350. info
  • VACEK, Zdeněk. Histologie a histologická technika. 1. vyd. Brno: Institut pro další vzdělávání pracovníků ve zdravotnictví, 1995, 184 s. ISBN 80-7013-202-7. info
Teaching methods
Demonstration and practical implementation of representative histopathologic methods in laboratories of Department of pathology.
Assessment methods
The exam is written, students respond 2 questions selected by lot out of following areas: basic histologic methods and electron microscopy, methods of histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, methods of cytology, methods of molecular pathology.
Language of instruction
Czech
Further comments (probably available only in Czech)
The course is taught annually.
The course is taught: every other week.
Information on the extent and intensity of the course: 30.
Listed among pre-requisites of other courses
The course is also listed under the following terms Spring 2007, Spring 2008, Spring 2009, Spring 2010, Spring 2011, Spring 2012, Spring 2013, Spring 2014, Spring 2015, Spring 2016, Spring 2017, Spring 2018, spring 2019, spring 2020, spring 2021, spring 2022, spring 2023, spring 2024.
  • Enrolment Statistics (spring 2025, recent)
  • Permalink: https://is.muni.cz/course/med/spring2025/BLHM0422c