PHBL2 Logic II

Faculty of Arts
Spring 2024
Extent and Intensity
1/1/0. 5 credit(s). Type of Completion: zk (examination).
Teacher(s)
prof. PhDr. BcA. Jiří Raclavský, Ph.D. (lecturer)
Guaranteed by
prof. PhDr. BcA. Jiří Raclavský, Ph.D.
Department of Philosophy – Faculty of Arts
Supplier department: Department of Philosophy – Faculty of Arts
Timetable
Thu 10:00–11:40 A11, except Thu 18. 4.
Prerequisites
passing Logic I or similar course
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is only offered to the students of the study fields the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
Course objectives
(1) Acquiring the essential notions of formal logic, in particular, (classical) quantified (1st-order, predicate) logic, see Course Contents for details.
(2) Most of the course is an application of (selected parts of) mathematical logic on natural language, i.e. on everyday rational reasoning.
(3) Some lectures focus on theory (e.g. syntax/semantics of quantified logic, paradoxes), and some lectures focus on solutions to practical problems (e.g. equivalences/negations of propositions/formulas, arguments checking, natural deduction).
(4) The course provides minimal fundaments for the following parts of philosophy: non-classical/philosophical logic, philosophy of language/computing/AI/logic/mathematics etc., formal epistemology, formal ontology, formal ethics.
Learning outcomes
(1) Acquiring the essential notions of formal logic, in particular, (classical) quantified logic, see Course Contents for details.
(2) Increasing logical reasoning and critical thinking.
(3) Acquiring skills in the representation of knowledge (natural language processing) and reasoning in the sense of AI, computer science, formal semantics, analytic philosophy etc.
(4) Exercising analytical and algorithmic thinking, both on natural and formal examples.
(5) Acquiring deeper knowledge about logic as a science and its application.
Syllabus
  • The course in mostly an introduction to (1st-order) quantified logic (FOL):
  • (1) Informal introduction, Predication, quantification.
  • (2) Formal language.
  • (3) Selected logical truths. Square of opposition (negations, equivalences).
  • (4) Syllogistics. Validity checking using Venn diagrams.
  • (5) FOL with identity and descriptions.
  • (6) Logical consequence. Interpretation of formulas.
  • (7) Axiomatisation of formalized theories. Their properties, in/completeness theorems.
  • (8) Higher-order logics, logics of classes/relations.
  • (9) Natural deduction for FOL.
  • (10) Arguments checking by semantic counter-examples.
  • (11) Logic and computers.
  • (12) Semantic tableaux for FOL.
Literature
    recommended literature
  • RACLAVSKÝ, Jiří. Úvod do logiky: klasická predikátová logika ([Introduction to Logic: Classical Predicate Logic). 1. vyd. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 2015, 348 pp. ISBN 978-80-210-7867-3. info
    not specified
  • RUSSELL, Stuart J. and Peter NORVIG. Artificial intelligence : a modern approach. Edited by Ming-Wei Chang - Jacob Devlin - Anca Dragan - David Forsyth - Ian Good. Fourth edition, global editi. Harlow: Pearson, 2022, 1166 stran. ISBN 9781292401133. info
  • GORANKO, Valentin. Logic as a tool : a guide to formal logical reasoning. First published. Chichester: Wiley, 2016, xxii, 358. ISBN 9781118880005. info
  • KOLMAN, Vojtěch and Vít PUNČOCHÁŘ. Formy jazyka : úvod do logiky a její filosofie. Vydání první. Praha: Filosofia, 2015, 654 stran. ISBN 9788070074381. info
  • BERGMANN, Merrie, James MOOR and Jack NELSON. The logic book. 6th ed., international ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2014, x, 611. ISBN 9781259010606. info
  • HAUSMAN, Alan, Howard KAHANE and Paul TIDMAN. Logic and philosophy : a modern introduction. Twelfth edition, internation. Australia: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2013, xix, 460. ISBN 9781111841669. info
  • HURLEY, Patrick J. A concise introduction to logic. 11th ed., international ed. Australia: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2012, xxi, 706. ISBN 9781111185893. info
  • DOXIADĪS, Apostolos and Christos Ch. PAPADIMITRIOU. Logikomiks : hledání absolutní pravdy. Illustrated by Alekos Papadatos. Vyd. 1. Praha: Dokořán, 2012, 335 s. ISBN 9788073634018. info
  • RAUTENBERG, Wolfgang. A concise introduction to mathematical logic. Third edition. New York: Springer, 2010, xxi, 319. ISBN 9781441912206. info
  • ŠVEJDAR, Vítězslav. Logika : neúplnost, složitost a nutnost. Vyd. 1. Praha: Academia, 2002, 464 s. ISBN 802001005X. info
  • SOCHOR, Antonín. Klasická matematická logika. 1. vyd. Praha: Karolinum, 2001, 402 s. ISBN 8024602180. info
  • LEARY, Christopher C. A friendly introduction to mathematical logic. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 2000, xiv, 218. ISBN 0130107050. info
Teaching methods
Classes containing exercises. E-learning with regular homeworks. Numerous study materials: PDF presentations, videos, texts and quizzes.
Assessment methods
(1) REGULAR HOMEWORKS = condition required before the exam. During the semester, at least 80 % of regular e-tests (every week 1-2) must be completed (each e-test must receive at least 80 % of points).
(2) FINAL EXAM. An e-test via computer. The questions are similar to those from homeworks. (For few, the exam is not required; they successfully pass if filling the homeworks.) For A mark approx. 80 % of questions must be correctly answered.
(3) BONUS (non-obligatory surplus activity): increasing received e-test mark by 1 degree (e.g. from D to C) for each of (a)-(c) (cumulative increasing is possible). (a) Attendance to classes, (b) activities in classes (answering topic-related questions), (c) answering questions on selected texts (by analytic philosophers) studied at home. For minimum points, see the Czech version above. Points from activities are recorded in IS during the semester.
Náhradní absolvování
Combined students (students on foreign stay, long-termed ill, ...): contact the teacher for details and agreement, self-study of materials from Interactive syllabi, and filling regular homeworks. Attendance to classes brings surplus points, but the minimum required points can be gathered without attendance from homeworks.
Language of instruction
Czech
Follow-Up Courses
Further comments (probably available only in Czech)
The course is taught annually.
General note: Studentům kombinovaného studijního programu je doporučeno zapsat si současně předmět PHV244 Logika II: otázky a odpovědi.
Information on the extent and intensity of the course: kombinovaná forma: 16 hodin/semestr.
Teacher's information
http://www.phil.muni.cz/~raclavsky/logika/
The course is also listed under the following terms Spring 2020, Spring 2021, Spring 2022, Spring 2023.
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