C5230 Analytical Chemistry

Faculty of Science
Autumn 2001
Extent and Intensity
2/0/0. 3 credit(s). Type of Completion: zk (examination).
Teacher(s)
prof. RNDr. Viktor Kanický, DrSc. (lecturer)
Guaranteed by
prof. RNDr. Viktor Kanický, DrSc.
Chemistry Section – Faculty of Science
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
Course objectives
Sampling and sample decomposition. Analytical reactions and qualitative analysis. Gravimetric analysis. Acid-base, precipitation, complexometric and redox titrations. Potentiometry, pH measurements, conductometric analysis, coulometry, polarography and voltammetry. Absorption spectrometry in UV/VIS and IR regions, fluorimetry . Atomic absorption spectrometry, emission spectrometry and ICP. Classifications of chromatographic methods, gas and liquid chromatography. Organic analysis
Syllabus
  • 1. Topic and aim of analytical chemistry (ACH), role of ACH amongst science disciplines, analyte, classification of methods of ACH, methods (m.) of determination, separation m., primary m., instrumental m., biochemical m., difference between principles of determination of organic and inorganic analytes, qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis, detection, determination, limit of detection, limit of determination (quantification), range of method applicability, units, expressing of solution composition, expressing of analytical results, general procedure of analysis, rules of sampling of materials, principles of theory of errors, principles of statistical evaluation of analytical results, precision, accuracy, reliability of results. 2. Theoretical background of ACH, inorganic analysis, chemical reactions in solutions, solubility of matter, concentration, ionic strength, activity, thermodynamic and concentration equilibrium constants, definition of acids and bases, protolytic equilibria, dissociation constant of acid / base, complex forming equilibria, stability constant, conditional stability constant, coefficients of secondary reactions, Bjerrum's function, distribution coefficients, dissolution equilibria, reduction-oxidation equilibria, reduction potential, conditional potential, influence of secondary reactions, distribution equilibria, equilibria on ion-exchangers, graphical representation of equilibrium systems in solutions, logarithmic diagram, distribution diagram. 3. Decomposition of samples, wet decomposition by acids and bases, fusion of samples, ashing, theory of solutions and dissolution, characteristics of solvents and dissolved matter, qualitative analysis, preliminary tests, group reactions, selective reactions, specific reactions, proofs of cations, proofs of anions. 4. Gravimetry, precipitation, solubility product, conditional solubility product, influencing of solubility, influence of excess of precipitation agent, influence of complex forming substances, influence of pH, characteristics and types of precipitates (precip.), aging of precip., contamination of precip., filtration of precip., rinsing of precip., drying of precip., types and examples of gravimetric methods, gravimetric factor. 5. Volumetry (titrimetry), principles and classification of volumetric methods, volumetric solutions, preparation of solutions, stoichiometric relations, equivalence point, standardization of solution, acid-base titrations, buffer solutions, calculations of pH of strong and weak acids and bases, pH of hydrolysis of salts, titration exponent pT, pH of buffer solutions, calculation of pH of titration curves, titration of polybasic acids, logarithmic diagrams of acid-base titrations, pH indicators, acidimetry, alkalimetry. 6. Examples of acid-base titrations, standardization of hydroxide solution with oxalic acid, standardization of acid solution with sodium carbonate, determination (det.) of (in-water) insoluble carbonates, det. of acetic acid, det. of boric acid, det. of aminoacids, water temporary (carbonate) hardness, back-titration, det. of ammoniac, det. of nitrogen with Kjeldahl method, det. of alkalic hydroxide in mixture with carbonate, acid-base titrations in non-aqueous media. 7. Precipitation titrations, argentometric titration, standardization, indication of equivalence point, calculation of titration curve, complex-forming equilibria, central ion, ligand, coordination number, chelates, aci-groups, cyclo-groups, complexometric (chelatometric) titrations, EDTA, Chelaton III, standardization, metalochrome indicators, calculation of titration curve, determination of Mg, Ca, Mg+Ca. 8. Electrode potentials, Nernst's equation, Peters' equation, oxidation-reduction titration, titration curves, indicators of point of equivalence, permanganate titration, standardization, autocatalysis, determination of Fe (III), Fe(II), chemical consumption of oxygen (Mn), iodometry, determination of hydrogen peroxide, biological consumption of oxygen, chromatometry, bromatometry; Introduction into instrumental methods and their classification. 9. Electroanalytical methods, classification by electrode processes, by electrolytic current, by character of electrode reaction, potentiometry, indication and reference electrodes, electrodes of first and second kind, ion-selective electrodes, glass electrode, measurement of potential, saturated calomel electrode, indication electrodes for acid-base, argentometric, chelatometric and redox titrations. 10. Polarography, voltammetry, stripping voltammetry, conductometry, dielectrometry, electrogravimetry, decomposition voltage, overvoltage of hydrogen, coulometry; Optical analytical methods, classification of methods according to interaction of radiation with matter, frequency, wavenumer, wavelength, origin of spectrum, emission, absorption and fluorescence methods, atomic and molecular analytical spectroscopy, spectrophotometry UV/Vis, Bouguer-Lambert-Beer's law, absorbance, absorption curve, calibration function, fluorimetry. 11. Atomic absorption spectrometry, trace analysis of metals, emission flame spectrometry, electric arc and electric spark - atomic emission spectroscopy, plasma spectrometry, x-ray fluorescence analysis, analytical methods for study of structure, vibration (infrared) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, refractometry, polarimetry. 12. Separation methods, extraction, distillation, chromatography, electrophoretic methods, adsorption, absorption, ion exchange, dialysis, electrodialysis, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, extraction of chelates, extraction of ion associates; classification of chromatographic methods; liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, stationary and mobile phases. 13. Adsorption chromatography, partition chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, gel chromatography, column chromatography, planar chromatography, paper and thin-layer chrom.; electrophoresis, zone electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, isotachophoresis; organic analysis, detection, identification, characterization, constitution analysis, configuration and conformation analysis, general procedure of analysis, physical constants, boiling point, melting point, specific mass, refraction; elementary analysis, structure analysis, sample preparation and treatment, preliminary tests, classes of solubility, proofs of elements. 14. Excursion on the Department of Analytical Chemistry and laboratory of Atomic Spectrochemistry, methods and demonstrations - spectrophotometry UV/Vis, atomic absorption spectrometry, optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma, mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography, electrochemical methods.
Literature
  • MAJER, Jaroslav. Analytická chémia : učebnica pre farmaceutické fakulty. 1. vyd. Martin: Osveta, 1989, 363 s. info
  • VONDRÁK, Dalibor and Jaroslav VULTERIN. Analytická chemie. 1. vyd. Praha: Státní nakladatelství technické literatury, 1985, 262 s. info
  • HOLZBECHER, Záviš and Jaroslav CHURÁČEK. Analytická chemie. 1. vyd. Praha: Státní nakladatelství technické literatury, 1987, 663 s. info
Assessment methods (in Czech)
Přednáška, ústní zkouška s písemnou přípravou
Language of instruction
Czech
Further Comments
The course can also be completed outside the examination period.
The course is taught annually.
The course is taught: every week.
Listed among pre-requisites of other courses
The course is also listed under the following terms Autumn 2007 - for the purpose of the accreditation, Autumn 1999, Autumn 2010 - only for the accreditation, Autumn 2000, Autumn 2002, Autumn 2003, Autumn 2004, Autumn 2005, Autumn 2006, Autumn 2007, Autumn 2008, Autumn 2009, Autumn 2010, Autumn 2011, Autumn 2011 - acreditation, spring 2012 - acreditation, Spring 2013, Spring 2014, Spring 2015, Spring 2016, Spring 2017, spring 2018, Spring 2019, Spring 2020, Spring 2021, Spring 2022, Spring 2023, Spring 2024, Spring 2025.
  • Enrolment Statistics (Autumn 2001, recent)
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