C5982 Organic chemistry in archaeology, protection of collection funds and muzeology

Faculty of Science
Autumn 2010
Extent and Intensity
2/0. 2 credit(s) (plus extra credits for completion). Type of Completion: k (colloquium).
Teacher(s)
Mgr. Ing. Lubomír Prokeš, Ph.D. (lecturer)
Guaranteed by
prof. RNDr. Jiří Příhoda, CSc.
Department of Chemistry – Chemistry Section – Faculty of Science
Timetable
Tue 17:00–18:50 A08/309
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is offered to students of any study field.
Course objectives
Lecture deals with instrumental analytical methods that can be used for analyses of organic substances, and with organic substances themselves. Students gain information about types of organic substances that can be found in objects of cultural heritage and are used in the process of their conservation-restoration.
Syllabus
  • 1.Orientation investigations (solubility, flame proofs, colour tests)
  • INSTRUMENTAL METHODS
  • 2.Termic analysis: TG, DTA, DSC.
  • 3.Spectral methods: UV-VIS, FTIR, Raman spectrometry, microscopy, fluorimetry, NMR, mass spectrometry (MS, pyMS, MS-MS, MALDI-TOF, DESI-MS, FAB-MS, AMS).
  • 4.Separation methods: extraction (supersound, Soxhlet, microwaves), head space, water-vapour distillation, chromatography (PC, TLC, GC, HPLC, GPC, HPTLC), electrophoresis (gel electrophoresis, CE).
  • 5. Derivatizaion methods pro GC a LC. Joining of separation and spectral methods: GC-MS, 2d GC-MS, GC-MS-MS, HT-GC-MS, pyrolysis (laser micropyrolysis),thermochemolysis with GC-MS, GC-ir-MS; HPLC-MS.
  • 6.Imumnochemical methods (RIA, FIA, ELISA), polyclonic and monoclonic antidotes, immunoelectrophoresis.
  • 7.Electrochemical methods: cyclic and square wave voltametry
  • 8.Detection of contamination (squalane, pftalates), result processing, quantification.
  • ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN ARCHAEOLOGY
  • 9.Proteins
  • Composition and structure of, classification, physical properties. Proteins in archaeological material (meat, milk, blood), exploitation of proteins in fine arts.
  • 10.DNA
  • Structure and physical properties, DNA kinds (nuclear, mitochondrial), microbial DNA, fossile DNA, exploitation in archaeology and antropology. DNA reactions.
  • 11.Sugars, polysacharides and lignine
  • Assignment and most important sacharides. Sacharides in nature, exploitation in fine arts.
  • 12.Lipids
  • Composition and structure (glycerides-MK+glycerol, sterols), animal and plant lipide, drying and non-drying oils, fats, characteristic fatty acids. Occurence in archaelogical material, exploitation in fine arts, interaction between oil films and inorganic pigments.
  • 13.Wax, carnauba wax,; ozokerite and ceresine. Occurence in archaelogical material, exploitation in fine arts.
  • 14.Carbohydrates and resins
  • Bitumen (steranes, terpens, aromatic carbohydrates) – parafin and ceresine; graphite; coal, lignite, sapropelite, gagate – extractable substances. Diterpenic and triterpenic resins. Amber, colophonya, copal; shellac and japanese varnish. Polyisoprenoides (rubber and guta-percha).
  • 15.Organic biomarkers
  • Biomarkers in archaeology: feacal biomarkers,sediment analysis. Occurence in archaelogical material. Biomarkers in cultural heritage protection, bacterial biomarkers. Pollution deposits on stone objects.
  • 16.Organic dyes
  • Dye classification, chromophores; natural and synthetic dyes. Degradation of pigments. Hybrid materials (may blue).
  • 17. Halogenated carbohydrates
  • Chlorinated phenols and cresols (biocides), DDT, HCH (insecticides), occurence in museum exhibits.
Literature
  • Zelinger, J. – Heidingsfeld, V. – Kotlík, P. – Šimůnková, E. Chemie v práci konzervátora a restaurátora. 2. vyd., Academia, 1987.
  • Langenheim, J.H. Plant Resins. Chemistry, Evolution, Ecology and Ethnobotany. Timber Press, 2003.
  • Campbell Pedersen, M. Gems and Ornamental Materials of Organic Origin. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2003.
  • Stuart, B. H. Analytical Techniques in Materials Conservation. Wiley, 2007
  • Mills, J. S. – White, R. Organic Chemistry of Museum Objects. 2d ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999.
  • GOFFER, Zvi. Archaeological Chemistry. 2nd. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2007, 656 pp. ISBN 978-0-471-25288-7. info
Teaching methods
lectures
Assessment methods
colloquium
Language of instruction
Czech
Further Comments
Study Materials
The course is also listed under the following terms Autumn 2010 - only for the accreditation, Autumn 2008, Autumn 2009, Autumn 2011, Autumn 2011 - acreditation, Autumn 2013, Autumn 2014, Autumn 2015, Autumn 2016, autumn 2017, Autumn 2018, Autumn 2019, Spring 2021, autumn 2021, Spring 2022, Autumn 2022, Spring 2023, Autumn 2023, Spring 2024, Autumn 2024.
  • Enrolment Statistics (Autumn 2010, recent)
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