C7410 Structure and Reactivity

Faculty of Science
Autumn 2022
Extent and Intensity
2/0/0. 2 credit(s) (fasci plus compl plus > 4). Recommended Type of Completion: zk (examination). Other types of completion: k (colloquium).
Teacher(s)
prof. RNDr. Petr Klán, Ph.D. (lecturer)
Guaranteed by
prof. RNDr. Petr Klán, Ph.D.
Department of Chemistry – Chemistry Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: prof. RNDr. Petr Klán, Ph.D.
Supplier department: Department of Chemistry – Chemistry Section – Faculty of Science
Timetable
Mon 10:00–11:50 A08/309
Prerequisites
(( C1020 General Chemistry && C2021 Organic Chemistry I &&( C3022 Organic Chemistry II/1 || C3050 Organic Chemistry II )&&( C4660 Physical Chemistry I || C3140 Physical Chemistry I || C3401 Physical Chemistry I )&&( C4020 Physical Chemistry II || C4402 Physical Chemistry II ))&&NOW( C7415 Structure and Reactivity-sem. ))||SOUHLAS
organic chemistry, physical chemistry, physics
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
there are 13 fields of study the course is directly associated with, display
Course objectives
Students will learn to understand the relationship between the structure of organic compounds and their chemical reactivity.
Learning outcomes
Knowledge of different ways of chemical activation and study methods of the reaction mechanisms will help the student to understand the scientific literature in the corresponding field and interpret the results from the experimental and theoretical studies.
Syllabus
  • 1. Basic Concepts. Dimension, time, rate and energy in chemistry. Chemical bond. The structure and bond deformation. Physical properties of compounds. Substituent effects. Tools to determine the chemical structures. 2. Molecular Orbitals and Reactivity. Construction of molecular orbitals. Hückel approximation. Correlation diagrams. Salem-Klopman equation. 3. Stability of Molecules. Thermochemical calculations. Conformation of acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons and their derivatives. Torsion and stereoelectronic effects. Hyperconjugation. Anomeric effect. 4. Aromaticity. Aromaticity. Antiaromaticity. Homoaromaticity. Aromatic ions and dipoles. Polycyclic aromatic compounds. 5. Noncovalent Interactions and Solvation. Chemistry and phases. Solvent effects. Hughes-Ingold model. Hydrogen bonding. Halogen bonding. π-Interaction. Hydrophobic effect. CT interaction. Molecular recognition. 6. Acids and Bases. Acid-base equilibria in different solvents and phases. Acidity function. Substituent effects and strengths of Brønsted acids and bases. Kinetic acidity. 7. Chemical Reactivity. Hard and soft acids, bases, nucleophiles and electrophiles (HSAB theory). Rate constants and transition state. Activation and driving force of reactions. Activation enthalpy and entropy. Kinetics. Hammond postulate. Bell-Evans-Polanyi principle. O'Ferrall-Jencks diagrams. Curtin-Hammett principle. 8. Thermodynamics and Kinetics as the Tools to Study Mechanisms. Linear free energy relationship (LFER): Hammett equation. Taft equation. QSAR. Kinetic isotope effects. 9. Catalysis. Thermodynamic cycle. Specific and general acid-base catalysis. Brønsted coefficients. 10. Photochemistry. Electronic excitation. Photophysical and photochemical processes. Jablonski diagram. Energy transfer. Stern-Volmer analysis. Tools to study photochemical processes. 11. Electron Transfer. Ionization potential, electron affinity and CT complexes. Marcus theory. Electron transfer in SN2 reactions. 12. Non-Classical Activation of Chemical Reactions. Spin chemistry. Magnetic field effect. Magnetic isotope effect. Microwave chemistry. Sonochemistry. Mechanochemistry. Radiation chemistry. Plasma chemistry.
Literature
    required literature
  • ANSLYN, Eric V. and Dennis A. DOUGHERTY. Modern physical organic chemistry. Sausalito, Calif.: University Science Books, 2006, xxviii, 10. ISBN 1891389319. info
    recommended literature
  • FLEMING, Ian. Molecular orbitals and organic chemical reactions. Reference edition. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2010, xii, 515. ISBN 9780470746585. info
Teaching methods
Lectures.
Assessment methods
One written final test (50% of correct answers is needed to pass) + the oral exam.
Language of instruction
English
Follow-Up Courses
Further Comments
Study Materials
The course can also be completed outside the examination period.
The course is taught annually.
Listed among pre-requisites of other courses
The course is also listed under the following terms Autumn 2007 - for the purpose of the accreditation, Autumn 1999, Autumn 2010 - only for the accreditation, Autumn 2000, Autumn 2001, Autumn 2002, Autumn 2003, Autumn 2004, Autumn 2005, Autumn 2006, Autumn 2007, Autumn 2008, Autumn 2009, Autumn 2010, Autumn 2011, Autumn 2011 - acreditation, Autumn 2012, Autumn 2013, Autumn 2014, Autumn 2015, Autumn 2016, autumn 2017, Autumn 2018, Autumn 2019, Autumn 2020, autumn 2021, Autumn 2023, Autumn 2024.
  • Enrolment Statistics (Autumn 2022, recent)
  • Permalink: https://is.muni.cz/course/sci/autumn2022/C7410