FRF130 Radiotherapy II

Faculty of Science
Autumn 2024
Extent and Intensity
2/1/0. 3 credit(s). Type of Completion: zk (examination).
Teacher(s)
Ing. Anna Odlozhiliková, Ph.D. (lecturer)
doc. Ing. Jozef Sabol, DrSc. (lecturer)
prof. MUDr. Pavel Šlampa, CSc. (lecturer)
Guaranteed by
prof. MUDr. Pavel Šlampa, CSc.
Department of Condensed Matter Physics – Physics Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: Mgr. Dušan Hemzal, Ph.D.
Supplier department: Department of Condensed Matter Physics – Physics Section – Faculty of Science
Prerequisites
Learning outcomes of the course unit The aim of the course is to acquire deeper knowledge of radiotherapy (RT) and treatment planning using ionizing radiation sources (IR), both closed radioactive emitters and accelerators. Attention will also be focused on clarifying other areas related to radiobiology, dosimetry, radiation protection and relevant legislative aspects. After mastering the prescribed scope of lectures and exercises, the student should be able to independently solve specific problems associated with the work of radiological physicist at radiotherapeutic workplaces. During the lectures, students will acquire knowledge concerning not only the physico-radiobiological effects of radiation on living tissue, but also the techniques and technology of radiation with regard to recent developments in this field. Emphasis is placed on the application of IR interaction for RT needs. Students will learn the principles of radiotherapy in the main directions of this field: telotherapy (closed radioactive sources, Leksell gamma knife, linear accelerators as sources of high energy photons and electrons, RT using protons, cybernetic knife), brachytherapy (used radionuclides, afterloading system) quality control - specific approach to individual modalities. Furthermore, students will acquire knowledge related to the principle, function and use of imaging systems and methods in RT based mainly on CT. The next part of the course includes methods of tumor localization, application of simulation methods, patient immobilization and adjustment, beam modifiers, basic radiation techniques, computerized treatment planning, as well as radiation protection requirements in relation to RT. The lectures will focus on practical aspects of information systems in RT - data flows, data backup, quality assurance program - device testing, periodicity, clinical audit, treatment planning. During the exercise, students will also become familiar with the function and use of monitors and dosimeters designed to ensure quality control as well as radiation protection of patients and staff, as well as monitoring and evaluation of the radiation situation in the workplace.
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is offered to students of any study field.
Course objectives
The aim of the course is to deepen the knowledge of radiotherapy and planning of ionizing radiation therapy, radiobiology and dosimetry, radiation protection and its legislation.
Learning outcomes
After completing the course, the student is able to carry out the activity of radiological physicist in the department with sources of ionizing radiation.
Syllabus
  • Syllabus of lectures: 1. History and development of radiotherapy, radiation oncology, basic modalities of radiotherapy, role of radiological physics, combination of radiotherapy with other therapeutic modalities, basics of radiobiology and molecular oncology in RT. 2. Chemical and biological phase of the action of ionizing radiation (IZ) on living matter. Direct and indirect effect of IT. Damage to individual structures in the cell. Reparation. Oxygen effect. Effect of dose rate. 3. Sequence of individual procedures in RT: diagnostics, localization, treatment planning, simulation (verification), self-irradiation, patient monitoring. Preparation of the patient for irradiation and fixation. 4. Treatment planning and realization: basic parameters of photon, electron and proton beams, beam modifiers - nominal energy, size / shape of radiation fields, shading blocks, collimators, bolus, compensator. 5. Treatment procedures: conventional dosing and fractionation, dose normalization, relevant international standards. 6. CT simulators: components, IR source, detection system, instrument parameters. 7. Ortho-voltage RT: indications, ortho-voltage units, treatment planning, dosimetry. 8. Linear accelerators (use of photons and electrons), treatment planning, dose monitoring. 9. Hadron RT, especially use of proton beams, function; RT capabilities using a cyber knife. 10. Use of radionuclides: external cobalt irradiator, Leksell gamma knife; brachytherapy. Specific procedures in dose calculation and monitoring. 11. Special RT techniques and methods: hypo-, hyperfractionation, IMRT, IGRT. 12. Information systems in RT, data flows, verification system, data backup. 13. Quality assurance program (QA), tasks of radiological physicist and technician, parameters of medical devices at the department of RT subject to QA, examples of tests including methods of their performance, periodicity, international audits; 14. Radiation protection in RT, protection of personnel and patients, protection of other persons, personal dosimetry, legislative requirements resulting from the relevant decrees of the State Office for Nuclear Safety (SÚJB). Syllabus of tutorials: 1. Definitions and relations between individual variables and parameters used in RT. Definition of the risk of radiation exposure. 2. Single exposure and fractionation regimes. 3. Introduction to potential hardware and software used in RT. 3. Diagnosis, localization, treatment planning, simulation (verification), radiation, patient monitoring. 4. Evaluation of radiation load of personnel, patient and other persons. 5. Function of RT simulators based on CT principle. 5. Basic irradiation techniques, their specific problems with dose determination. 6. Practical demonstration of basic radiation techniques for localization: head and neck, mama, prostate, lungs. Conventional dosing and fractionation, dose normalization. 7. Monitoring of persons (personal dosimetry) and workplace.
Literature
    recommended literature
  • 8. Sabol, J., Vlček, P. Radiační ochrana v radioterapii, Česká technika – nakladatelství ČVUT, Praha, 2011, 300 s. 9. SÚJB: Zavedení systému jakosti při využívání významných zdrojů ionizujícího záření v radioterapii - lineární urychlovače pro 3D konform
  • SÚKUPOVÁ, Lucie. Radiační ochrana při rentgenových výkonech - to nejdůležitější pro praxi. 1. vydání. Praha: Grada Publishing, 2018, 273 stran. ISBN 9788027107094. info
  • HYNKOVÁ, Ludmila, Pavel ŠLAMPA, Petr BURKOŇ, Petr ČOUPEK, Irena ČOUPKOVÁ, Hana DOLEŽELOVÁ, Jana GARČICOVÁ, Jana GOMBOŠOVÁ, Petra HUBNEROVÁ, Tomáš KAZDA, Eva KOCMANOVÁ, Libor KOMÍNEK, Pavel KRUPA, Aleš KUDLÁČEK, Pavla NAVRÁTILOVÁ, Tomáš NOVOTNÝ, Barbora ONDROVÁ, Petr POSPÍŠIL, Denis PRINC, Marek SLÁVIK, Miroslava SLÁVIKOVÁ, Silvia SLÁVIKOVÁ, Štěpánka SOVADINOVÁ, Blažena SYPTÁKOVÁ, Pavel TOBIÁŠ, Jana ZITTERBARTOVÁ, Jana BADUROVÁ, Jitka VESELÁ, Radka BARTLOVÁ, David DVOŘÁK, Jan GARČIC, Anna ODLOŽILÍKOVÁ, Martin STEINER, Tomáš PROCHÁZKA, Jiří ŠIMÍČEK and Hana TICHÁ. Základy radiační onkologie (Basics of Radiation Oncology). 1. vyd. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 2012, 247 pp. ISBN 978-80-210-6061-6. info
  • KHAN, Faiz M. Khan's lectures : handbook of the physics of radiation therapy. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011, xii, 388. ISBN 9781605476810. info
  • PODGORŠAK, E. B. Radiation physics for medical physicists. 2nd, enlarged ed. Berlin: Springer, 2010, xxxiii, 74. ISBN 9783642008740. info
  • HUŠÁK, Václav. Radiační ochrana pro radiologické asistenty. 1. vyd. Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého, 2009, 138 s. ISBN 9788024423500. info
  • FELTL, David and Jakub CVEK. Klinická radiobiologie. 1. vyd. Havlíčkův Brod: Tobiáš, 2008, 105 s. ISBN 9788073111038. info
  • ŠLAMPA, Pavel and Jiří PETERA. Radiační onkologie. Praha: Karolinum, 2007, xviii, 457. ISBN 9788024614434. info
  • KUNA, Pavel. Klinická radiobiologie. Edited by Leoš Navrátil. 1. vyd. Praha: Manus, 2005, 222 s. ISBN 8086571092. info
  • KOVÁŘ, Zdeněk. Pokroky dozimetrie ionizujícího záření. 1. vyd. Praha: Academia, 1984, 326 s. info
  • ŠEDA, Josef. Dozimetrie ionizujícího záření. Vyd. 1. Praha: SNTL - Nakladatelství technické literatury, 1983, 418 s. info
Teaching methods
Lectures and practical exercises.
Assessment methods
Credits and exams.
Language of instruction
Czech
Further Comments
The course is taught annually.
The course is taught: every week.
The course is also listed under the following terms Autumn 2019, Autumn 2020, autumn 2021, Autumn 2022, Autumn 2023.
  • Enrolment Statistics (recent)
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