G6080 Geochemistry II

Faculty of Science
Spring 2002
Extent and Intensity
2/2. 6 credit(s). Type of Completion: zk (examination).
Teacher(s)
doc. Ing. Jiří Faimon, Dr. (lecturer)
RNDr. Petr Sulovský, Ph.D. (lecturer)
Guaranteed by
doc. Ing. Jiří Faimon, Dr.
Department of Geological Sciences – Earth Sciences Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: doc. Ing. Jiří Faimon, Dr.
Prerequisites
G4020 Sedimentary Petrology || NOW( G4020 Sedimentary Petrology )
Passing Geochemistry I
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
Course objectives
The lectures will provide basic information on practical applications of geochemistry. They are focused above all on prospection and monitoring methods - lithogeochemical prospection, soil metallometry, hydrogeochemical prospection, stream sediment surcey, atmogeochemical survey, biogeochemical and geobotanical survey. Much stress is put on applicability of geochemical methods in monitoring the quality of the environment. The students are also instructed in data handling and presentation of results. The course involves two days field training.
Syllabus
  • Introduction to applied geochemistry: History and development of applied geochemistry, relations to other geological and applied sciences. Survey for ore- and non-ore raw materials. Prospecting strategy, prospecting methods. Preliminary, regional, detailed, verification survey. Financial costs.

    Applied geochemistry and the environment: Elementary and geochemical landscape, anthropogenic impacts on the landscape morphology, on vegetation and hydrological regime. Pollution of the environment (by industry, mining and ore-dressing, landscaping and building, agriculture), toxicity and migration of hazardous elements. Optimum aspects of the environment.

    Geochemical fields: Clark values, geochemical background (local and regional background), geochemical field of dispersion, geochemical field of concentration, anomaly, anomaly threshold. Negative and positive element associations, element and mineral assemblages, indication elements, geochemical contrast, deposit and its morphology, relation of the deposit and surface anomaly.

    Geochemical anomaly: Geochemical aureole (negative, positive, endogenous, exogenous). Primary aureoles: endogenous deposits (magmatic and postmagmatic differentiation), metamorphic mineralization, magmatogenic deposits, pegmatites, skarns, greisens, vein deposits, stratiform and porphyry ore deposits}. Dimensions of primary aureoles, zoning, linear productivity, coefficient of contrast, coefficient of concentration, zonality index, zoning rulesi, variability index.

    Secondary aureoles: weathering (mechanical, chemical), resistance to weathering, zoning of weathering crusts. Migration of elements: mechanical (gravitational, with liquids, aeolian, glacigenic), physico-chemical, biogenic.

    Geochemical barriers: physico-chemical (oxidation-reduction, pH, sorption, biological), biogenic, mechanical (sedimentation, velocity of stream, wind, glacier creep) Types of secondary aureoles: shape, symmetry, residual aureoles, aureole drift, aureoles influenced by water movement, by biota. Linear productivity of an aureole, expected resources, proportionality coefficient. Contamination, false anomaly.

    Lithogeochemical survey: Sampling (chip-, hack-sampling, chessboard chipping, cart samples), dry heavy mineral concentrates, rational analysis, quarting, interpretation (binary and ternary diagrams, maps, sections). Heavy mineral survey: Mechanical aureoles of heavy minerals, enrichment, migration properties, transport distance. Heavy mineral concentrate sampling (panning), laboratory treatment (mineralogical and chemical analysis), identification of heavy minerals, results presentation (heavy mineral maps), construction of source area boundaries, localisation of ore bodies.

    Atmogeochemical survey: Static gas aureoles: gas-fluid inclusions, stable isotopes, input aureoles (sources of vapour and gas), gas collectors, aerosols, sampling methods (emanometry, mercurometry, helium anomalies, carbon dioxide, sulphane, methane, halogens), concentration maps, interpretation of atmogeochemical anomalies.

    Soil metallometry: Soil horizons, sampling sites network, methods of sampling and sampling documentation (manual sampling, light drilling set, portable drilling set), laboratory treatment, results presentation (mono- and multielemental maps, block diagrams), interpretation of anomalies.

    Hydrogeochemical survey: Survey of groundwaters, springs, surface waters, precipitates. Indication elements, hydrogeological maps. Water sampling, analytical treatment, interpretation of anomalies, anthropogenic contamination.

    Stream sediment survey: Clastic aureoles, hydromorphic aureoles (precipitates, clay minerals, organic matter, adsorbed elements, pore fluids), anthropogenic contamination. Sampling (sample lag, sampling site choice, sample volume). Laboratory treatment. (sieving, spectral analysis), interpretation of results (mono- and multielemental maps, isoline maps), determination of anomaly source, revision of anomalies.

    Biogeochemical and geobotanical survey: Physiological barrier, distribution of trace elements, indication elements in fauna and flora, sampling, documentation, laboratory handling, interpretation of data (isoline maps). Geozoological methods, mykogeochemistry. Treatment of samples: - field phase: sampling, documentation of samples - laboratory phase: selection of analytical methods, sample preparation, homogenisation, laboratory and field physical methods - evaluation phase: metrology - detection limits, sensitivity, accuracy, righteousness, reproducibility, errors - random, systematic.

    Data treatment: Univariate statistical methods, histograms, distribution functions, geostatistics (spatial variable, experimental semivariogram, kriging). Analysis of variance, autocorrelation. Contingency tables. Ternary diagrams, trend analysis. Multivariate statistical methods. Chemical multivariate space, characteristics, data normalisation, data matrix, indices of similarity, multiple correlation. Discriminant analysis. Cluster analysis (clustering, Q-mode, R-mode, fuzzy clustering). Factor analysis (latent variables, factor scores, axes rotation, method of principal components). Expert systems.
Literature
  • MRŇA, František. Užitá geochemie. Vyd. 1. Praha: Academia, 1991, 418 s. ISBN 8020003576. info
  • FORGÁČ, Jozef. Geochemické metódy vyhl'adávania rudných ložísk. 1. vyd. Bratislava: Universita Komenského, 1987, 227 s. info
  • JELÍNEK, Emil and Jiří JANATKA. Metody geochemické prospekce. Edited by Miloš René. Vyd. 1. Praha: Státní pedagogické nakladatelství, 1988, 148 s. info
  • MAŇOUR, Jiří. Šlichová prospekce. Vyd. 1. Praha: Ústřední ústav geologický, 1987, 84 s. URL info
  • Veselý J. (1989) Vysvětlivky k mapám geochemie povrchových vod. ÚÚG, Praha.
  • MRŇA, František and František SEIFERT. Geochemická prospekce v pouštních oblastech. 1. vyd. Praha: Ústřední ústav geologický, 1988, 117 s. info
  • ČURLÍK, Ján. Geochémia geologických procesov : hypergénne procesy. 1. vyd. Bratislava: Univerzita Komenského, 1988, 230 s. info
  • CHEENEY, R. F. Statistical methods in geology for field and lab decisions. Moskva: Mir, 1986, 189 s. info
  • ECKSCHLAGER, Karel, Ivan HORSÁK and Zdeněk KODEJŠ. Vyhodnocování analytických výsledků a metod. 1. vyd. Praha: Státní nakladatelství technické literatury, 1980, 223 s. URL info
  • DAVIS, John C. Statistika i analiz geologičeskich dannych. Moskva: Mir, 1977, 571 s. info
  • Zorkovský V. (1972) Ložiská nerastných surovin a ich vyhledávanie. Alfa, Bratislava.
  • Machek P. - Klika Z. - Kolomazník I. (1990): Cvičení z užité geochemie. VŠB, Ostrava.
  • Sattran V. - Soukup B. (1973) Použití matematických metod v geologii. ÚÚG, Praha.
  • Barnet I. - Ďuriš M. - Mrňa F. (1986): Geochemická prospekce řečištních sedimentů v Českém masívu. Academia, Praha.
Language of instruction
Czech
Further comments (probably available only in Czech)
The course is taught annually.
The course is taught: every week.
Information on course enrolment limitations: Zkoušku možno složit až po složení zkoušky G5080
The course is also listed under the following terms Spring 2000, Spring 2001.
  • Enrolment Statistics (recent)
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