C4010 Inorganic Chemistry III

Faculty of Science
Spring 2011 - only for the accreditation
Extent and Intensity
2/0/0. 2 credit(s) (fasci plus compl plus > 4). Recommended Type of Completion: zk (examination). Other types of completion: k (colloquium).
Teacher(s)
RNDr. Miloš Černík, CSc. (lecturer)
prof. RNDr. Jiří Příhoda, CSc. (lecturer)
Guaranteed by
RNDr. Miloš Černík, CSc.
Department of Chemistry – Chemistry Section – Faculty of Science
Prerequisites
C2062 Inorganic Chemistry II
General Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry I, II Analytical Chemistry I
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
there are 16 fields of study the course is directly associated with, display
Course objectives
The course complements two undergraduate courses C1061 and C2062 with some interesting topics of modern inorganic chemistry and is divided in two main parts. The first one covers structure and properties of different allotropes of main group elements, homopolyatomic cations and anions of nonmetals and deals with chemistry of cage and cluster compounds of p-block elements, including boron hydrides and Zintl ions. The structure and bonding of electron deficient clusters molecules is treated by using Polyhedral Skeletal Electron Pair Theory.

The second part covers some important aspects of coordination chemistry of transition and main group elements. Methods for the study of complexing equilibria, mechanisms of the comlex formation in the aqueous solutions and the determination of stability constants are presented. Exploitation of the complex formation in practice is briefly surveyed.

Main objectives of this course can be summarized as follows:
- to provide students with a concise account of selected topics in the chemistry of the p-block elements clusters and coordination compounds.
- to understand the structure and bonding of both "electron precise" and "electron deficient" clusters.
- to learn the Wade's rules and Lipscomb's styx rules as well as their use for a prediction of borane, heteroborane and Zintl ions molecular structures.
Syllabus
  • 1. The concept of periodicity and the physical and chemical properties of the elements. Allotropes and polymorphic forms of elements: boron, phosphorus and sulfur. Chemical synthesis of sulfur allotropes.

    2. The structure and the propertis of allotropic forms of carbon: diamond, graphite and fullerenes. Bonding in fullerene molecule and their chemical reactivity. Endohedral fullerenes, nanotubes. Chemical properties of graphite. Graphite intercalation compounds.

    3. Clusters formed by the p-block elements and their parent polyhedra. Localized and delocalized bonding in polyhedral cages. Donor-acceptor links in clusters. Bonding in electron deficient clusters.

    4. Classification and nomenclature of neutral boranes and hydroborate dianions. Carboranes and other heteroboranes. Boron halides with closed deltahedral Bn cores.

    5. Bonding in boranes. The 3-centre-2-electron B-H-B and BBB interactions. Lipscomb's styx rules. Polyhedral Skeletal Electron Pair Theory (PSEPT) and prediction of a borane cluster structure.

    6. Synthetic routes to clusters. Boranes and closo-hydroborate anions, p-block heteroboranes, polyhedral boron halides. Cubanes and adamantane-type clusters. Phosphorus chalcogenides and sulfur nitrides.

    7. Homopolyatomic cations and anions of nonmetals. Synthesis of polyatomic chalcogen and halogen cations in superacidic solvents. The chemistry of Zintl phases. PSEPT and the structure of Zintl ions.

    8. Ions in solution: solvation properties of solvents, solvation number, reactions connected with the presence of an ion in a solution, hydrolysis, polymerization etc.

    9. Principles of coordination chemistry: coordination particle, central atom, ligands, their properties, coordination number and coordination polyhedra, stability of a complex, complex formation mechanisms, trans-effect, isomerism of complex compounds.

    10. Types of complexforming reagents: chelate reagents, reagents suitable for formation of ion associates, organophosphorus ligands.

    11. Methods for the study of complex compounds: spectrophotometry, extraction, ion exchange etc.

    12. Formation of chelates and ion associates, theory of the extraction of chelates and ion pairs, influence of the extraction media (slope analysis), substoichiometric extraction, isotopic dilution.

    13. Complexes of nonmetalic elements.

    14. Complexes of main group and transition metals.
Literature
  • HOUSECROFT, Catherine E. Cluster molecules of the p-block elements. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994, 91 s. ISBN 0198556985. info
  • GREENWOOD, N. N. and Alan EARNSHAW. Chemistry of the elements. Second edition. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997, xxii, 1341. ISBN 0750633654. info
  • TAYLOR, Roger. Lecture notes on fullerene chemistry. London: Imperial College Press, 1999, 268 pp. ISBN 1-86094-109-5. info
  • GOKEL, George W. Crown ethers and cryptands. Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1991, xii, 190 s. ISBN 0-85186-996-3. info
  • STARÝ, Jiří. Separační metody v radiochemii (Separation metzods in radiochemistry). Praha: Academia, 1975, 400 pp. info
  • BURGESS, John. Metal ions in solution. John Wiley & Sons, 1978, 481 pp. ISBN 0-470-26293-1. info
  • STARÝ, Jiří. Ekstrakcija chelatov. Moskva: Mir, 1966, 392 s. info
Teaching methods
Lectures
Assessment methods
Oral examination.
Language of instruction
Czech
Follow-Up Courses
Further Comments
The course is taught annually.
The course is taught: every week.
Listed among pre-requisites of other courses
The course is also listed under the following terms Spring 2008 - for the purpose of the accreditation, Spring 2000, Spring 2001, Spring 2002, Spring 2003, Spring 2004, Spring 2005, Spring 2006, Spring 2007, Spring 2008, Spring 2009, Spring 2010, Spring 2011, Spring 2012, spring 2012 - acreditation, Spring 2013, Spring 2017, spring 2018, Spring 2019, Spring 2021, Spring 2022, Spring 2023, Spring 2024, Spring 2025.