F4400 Elementary concepts and principles of classical mechanics 2

Faculty of Science
Spring 2015
Extent and Intensity
1/1. 2 credit(s). Type of Completion: z (credit).
Teacher(s)
prof. RNDr. Martin Černohorský, CSc. (lecturer)
prof. RNDr. Martin Černohorský, CSc. (seminar tutor)
Guaranteed by
prof. RNDr. Michal Lenc, Ph.D.
Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics – Physics Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: prof. RNDr. Martin Černohorský, CSc.
Supplier department: Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics – Physics Section – Faculty of Science
Prerequisites
Completion of the subject F1030 Mechanics and molecular physics or corresponding knowledge.
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
Course objectives
The aim of the course is
(1) to recapitulate concepts and laws of newtonian physics;
(2) to get insight into statistical physics through the thermodynamics theorems and methods of working up physical measurements.
Much attention is paid to thinkable misconceptions and to possible misinterpretations of thermodynamics theorems.
Historical notes and actual remarks are organic parts of the course.
Syllabus
  • 1. Often misconceptions in understanding of Newton's laws of motion.
  • (1) First law – Axiom. (2) Definition – Natural law. (3) Causality – Interaction.
  • 2. Methodology of building physical concepts.
  • Acmotionation (etymology: celerity–acceleration, motion–acmotionation). Inertial mass. Force. Gravitational mass. Kinetic energy of the particle. Potential energy of the system.
  • 3. Dot and vector products of vector quantities.
  • Distance-changeability of the particle. Work on the particle.
  • Virial.
  • Moment analogy of the second axiom.
  • Kepler's second law.
  • 4. Concepts and laws of newtonian mechanics.
  • Static and kinetic state characteristics. Process characteristics.
  • Laws of motion. Conservation laws. First theorem of thermodynamics.
  • 5. Atoms and their aggregations.
  • Ideal. gas. Real gas. Experimental gas laws
  • Size of molecules. Avogadro – Loschmidt – Kekulé – Einstein.
  • Thermal energy.
  • Two-atomic model of condensed matter. Bonding energy.
  • 6. Structure of bodies
  • Crystal structure of Po; Fe, W; Al, Ni, Cu, Ag, Au, Pt; C, Ge, Si; Co.
  • Structure types NaCl, Al-Ni, austenit.
  • Interatomic distances. Size of atoms.
  • 'Aperiodic crystal'. Macromolecules. Izomerics. Structure of DNA.
  • 7. Physical measurements.
  • Probability intervals. Precision. Accuracy.
  • 8. Temperature. Heat.
  • Macroscopic characteristics of temperature.
  • Microstructure definition of temperature.
  • Determination of atom vibration frequency from room temperature.
  • Building up the concept heat.
  • 9. Statistical relations.
  • Isotropy of space. Homogeneity of space and time. Irreversibility of time.
  • Virial theorem.
  • Equipartition principle. Ergodic hypothesis – postulate of statistical physics.
  • 10. The second theorem of thermodynamics.
  • Disorder spontaneous increase. Order out of chaos.
  • Temperature – Heat – Entropy.
  • 11. What is life?
  • Physical law in biology.
  • Schrödinger's ideas. Contents of his book 'What Is Life?'.
  • 12. Closing discussion with students' and lecturer's proposals concerning the course contents and style of teaching and learning.
  • LITERATURE
  • The needed background is given in student's acquaintance with any secondary school and university physics textbook used by him/her.
  • During the classes the student obtains printed aids: (1) Facsimilia of selected pages from uneasily accessible literature. (2) Czech translations of the facsimilia if they are in Latin or in German. (3) Sheets to special topics.
Literature
  • HALLIDAY, David, Robert RESNICK and Jearl WALKER. Fyzika :vysokoškolská učebnice obecné fyziky. Vyd. 1. Brno: VUTIUM, 2000, xxiv, 1198. ISBN 8171962147. info
  • Informace týkající se literatury jsou uvedeny na závěr Osnovy.
  • Information concerning the literature is to be found at the end of the Syllabus.
Teaching methods
Lecture with discussions
Assessment methods
Type of classwork seminar (workshop) with lectures and discussions. Student's activities: Participation in discussions, short assigned oral presentations (10 minutes), written tests ad hoc.
Language of instruction
Czech
Further comments (probably available only in Czech)
Study Materials
The course can also be completed outside the examination period.
The course is taught annually.
The course is taught: every week.
The course is also listed under the following terms Spring 2008 - for the purpose of the accreditation, Spring 2011 - only for the accreditation, Spring 2001, Spring 2004, Spring 2005, Spring 2007, Spring 2008, Spring 2009, Spring 2010, Spring 2011, Spring 2012, spring 2012 - acreditation, Spring 2013, Spring 2014, Spring 2016, Spring 2017, spring 2018, Spring 2020.
  • Enrolment Statistics (Spring 2015, recent)
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