S2008 Developmental and cellular biology of plants

Přírodovědecká fakulta
jaro 2016
Rozsah
2/0. 2 kr. (plus ukončení). Doporučované ukončení: zk. Jiná možná ukončení: k.
Vyučující
Mgr. Jiří Friml, Dr. rer. nat. (přednášející)
Helene Robert Boisivon, Ph.D. (přednášející)
Tomasz Nodzynski, B.A., M.Sc., Ph.D. (přednášející)
Garance
Mgr. Jiří Friml, Dr. rer. nat.
Národní centrum pro výzkum biomolekul – Přírodovědecká fakulta
Kontaktní osoba: Helene Robert Boisivon, Ph.D.
Dodavatelské pracoviště: Národní centrum pro výzkum biomolekul – Přírodovědecká fakulta
Rozvrh
Po 25. 4. až Pá 29. 4. každý pracovní den 9:00–15:50 E26/222
Omezení zápisu do předmětu
Předmět je otevřen studentům libovolného oboru.
Osnova
  • A. Current approaches and methods of experimental plant genetics
  • 1. Historical development of experimental methodology Arabidopsis thaliana as the model organism - advantages, limitations.
  • 2. How to get your favorite gene
  • a. Monte Carlo candidate gene approach
  • b. From the protein back to the gene
  • c. Functional complementation
  • d. Expression pattern: Enhancer and Gene trap, Differential expression (subtractive hybridization, microarray)
  • e. Forward genetics (The worse the better) Mutagenesis (EMS, T-DNA, transposon, activator tagging), Ups and downs of genetic screening, Gene identification and verification, Suppressor screens
  • f. QTL
  • 3. Towards a gene function
  • a. Reverse genetics (indexed mutant libraries, TILLING)
  • b. Ectopic expression
  • c. Chimeras and mosaics
  • d. Site directed mutagenesis, swaps
  • e. Phenotype analysis - from the eye to molecular markers
  • f. Biochemical approaches, heterologous systems.
  • 4. Expression and localization
  • a. Quick and dirty - Northern and Western blots, RT-PCR
  • b. Reporter genes (transcriptional and translational fusions, applications)
  • c. mRNA in situ hybridization
  • d. Protein in situ localisation
  • 5. Friends and neighbors
  • a. Yeast-two-hybrid
  • b. Split ubiquitin
  • c. Genetic interactions
  • d. Upstream and downstream
  • 6. Special methods and tools
  • a. DR5 auxin response reporter
  • b. Transient transfection
  • c. Heterologous systems
  • d. Laser ablations and laser capture
  • B. From the signal to the gene
  • 1.Ethylene - A success of forward genetics
  • Genetic dissection of ethylene signaling, molecular characterization and arrangement of the pathway, Histidine kinase two component system.
  • 2. Cytokinin - Complexity of plant hormone signaling
  • Biosynthesis, degradation, perception, signal transduction, isolation and verification of the receptors and downstream components. Lessons from protoplasts.
  • 3. Auxin - Highly desired, ever elusive
  • Discovery of auxins. Towards the players: biochemistry (ABP1), genetics (AXRs), molecular biology (AUX/IAAs and ARFs), integrative model.
  • 4. Auxin transport - PINing down the players
  • Physiology, Chemiosmostic model, molecular components (PINs, AUXs) - expression, localization, function.
  • C. From the process to the mechanism
  • 1. Embryogenesis - apical-basal axis formation
  • Pattern formation during embryogenesis, Arabidopsis mutants, gene identities, implication of auxin, auxin distribution and transport, PIN expression, polarities, roles, model.
  • 2. Root meristem - down to the stem cells
  • Arabidopsis meristem pattern, intercellular signals: quiescent centre, stem cells, auxin as the positional signal, radial patterning - SHR/SCR.
  • 3. Organogenesis - so different and so similar
  • Overview of different organogenesis processes, shoot derived organs, root-derived organs, correlations between local auxin gradients, transport and organ formation.
  • 4. Unifying principles - gradients of morphogens and growth axis
  • D. Into the cell
  • 1. Subcelullar trafficking and cell polarity
  • Cycling of the auxin transport components, auxin transport inhibitors and their effects, relevance of cycling for auxin transport, endocytosis in plants, polar targeting.
  • 2. Lessons from GNOM
  • Isolation of gnom mutant, GNOM protein - biochemical function and role in development. Connection to the auxin transport. GNOM and endosome recycling.
  • 3. Root gravitropism - integration of approaches
  • Physiology, genetics, molecular and cell biology of gravitropism: Integration of approaches for understanding of the single process.
Výukové metody
Theory class: lectures, class discussions.
Metody hodnocení
Oral examination. Assessment will be based on the interaction with students during the course (Questions, Discussions). Final oral exam will consist in questions related to each parts of the course. To pass the exam, the student will have to answer at least one question from each part of the course.
Vyučovací jazyk
Angličtina
Informace učitele
The course will be taught within one week (whole day: 9am to ±4 pm). The course will be taught 25th to 29th of April. Location of the course will be in building A26.
Další komentáře
Studijní materiály
Předmět je dovoleno ukončit i mimo zkouškové období.
Předmět je vyučován každoročně.
Předmět je zařazen také v obdobích podzim 2011 - akreditace, jaro 2015, jaro 2017, jaro 2018, jaro 2019, jaro 2020, jaro 2021, jaro 2022, jaro 2023, jaro 2024, jaro 2025.