FRF140 Praxe z radiologické fyziky (radiodiagnostika)

Faculty of Science
Spring 2025
Extent and Intensity
2 weeks. 4 credit(s) (plus extra credits for completion). Type of Completion: z (credit).
In-person direct teaching
Teacher(s)
Ing. Jaroslav Ptáček, Ph.D. (seminar tutor)
Guaranteed by
Ing. Jaroslav Ptáček, Ph.D.
Department of Condensed Matter Physics – Physics Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: Mgr. Dušan Hemzal, Ph.D.
Supplier department: Department of Condensed Matter Physics – Physics Section – Faculty of Science
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
Course objectives
Předmět se zabývá fyzikálními a fyzikálně-technickými aspekty rentgenové diagnostiky. Během výuky je studentům vysvětlena funkce rentgenového zařízení, vznik rentgenového obrazu a je podán přehled jednotlivých zobrazovacích metod a jejich specifik z pohledu získání potřebné diagnostické informace a radiační zátěže pacienta. Pozornost je rovněž věnována problematice spojené s dodržováním základních principů radiační ochrany osob (pacient/personál, návštěvy a další osoby) Náplní praxe je spojení všech nabytých teoretických znalostí (v předmětu Rentgenová diagnostika) s praxí. Ukázka pracovišť, jak v klinickém provozu, tak po skončení klinického provozu, kdy jsou prováděny všechny potřebné kontroly a nutná měření dle platné legislativy. V některých případech půjde o různá testovací zobrazení, aby si student osvojil fungování různých systémů. Student tímto dostane možnost, udělat si velmi reálný obraz o charakteru práce v jeho případném budoucím povolání. V rámci praxe budou studenti také seznámeni (formou exkurze) s přístroji pro zobrazování s využitím magnetické rezonance a ultrazvuku.
Learning outcomes
Student bude po absolvování předmětu schopen:
- popsat a vysvětlit základní techniky rentgenové diagnostiky
- aplikovat poznatky nabyté o rentgenové diagnostice v praxi
Syllabus
  • Course Topics and Schedule (Duration: 4 Hours Each) 1. **Workplace Tour and Imaging Modalities Overview – Dohnalová - Introduction to various X-ray imaging techniques and their basic characteristics. - Legislative requirements for operation, workplace, and personnel. - Basics of X-ray beam behavior, influence of exposure parameters on contrast, noise, and spatial resolution. 2. Dose Quantities and Exposure Parameter Influence – Kozák - Understanding dose-related quantities and how exposure parameters affect radiation dose. - Working with DICOM header parameters (exposure, dose, and post-processing parameters). - Attenuation of the X-ray beam (by patient, additional filtration, and examination table). - Determination of half-value layer and effective energy. - Use of exposure and dose values for patient dose estimation and diagnostic reference levels. 3. Radiography (Skiagraphy) – Stability and Long-Term Tests – Kozák - Operational Stability Test (ZPS) and Long-Term Stability Test (ZDS). - Introduction to testing tools and demonstration according to the latest SÚJB regulations, manufacturer recommendations, and approved methodologies. - Differences between stationary and mobile X-ray units. - Practical execution of ZPS and/or ZDS, including evaluation. 4. Fluoroscopy – Stability and Long-Term Tests – Dohnalová - ZPS and ZDS testing, including Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA). - Overview of different image detector technologies (image intensifier, CMOS, etc.). - Differences between fluoroscopy and radiography equipment. - Inspection of radiation shielding tools for personnel. 5. Measurement of Scatter Radiation and Optimization Calculations – Kozák, Dohnalová - Theoretical preparation: purpose and methodology of scatter radiation measurements. - Introduction to measuring tools and conducting tests in fluoroscopic and radiographic settings. - Consultation with staff to determine necessary parameters. - Calculation of optimization evidence for different personnel and population positions. - Evaluation of radiation protection levels based on measurements. 6. Mammography – Stability and Long-Term Tests – Dohnalová - ZPS and ZDS testing following SÚJB and manufacturer recommendations. - Practical execution of ZPS, including evaluation. - Demonstration of digital tomosynthesis, stereotactic equipment, and sample imaging. - Differences between screening and diagnostic mammography. - Dose determination in mammography according to NRS Radiological Physics. 7. Dental Radiology – Dohnalová - Intraoral X-ray, Orthopantomogram (OPG), CBCT, and cephalostat imaging. - ZPS and ZDS testing for dental X-ray devices. - Diagnostic display testing for conventional radiography, CT, and mammography. - Differences in test methodologies and tolerance limits, including ambient lighting control tests. 8. Computed Tomography (CT) – Stability Tests and Dose Measurements – Kozák - ZPS and ZDS testing for CT scanners. - Effect of acquisition and reconstruction parameters on image quality. - Measurements with and without automatic current modulation. - Use of automatic voltage modulation. - Impact of patient centering on dose and image quality. - CT dose quantities and CTDI measurement. 9. Angiographic Systems – Exposure Parameters and Dose Optimization – Kozák - Influence of exposure parameters (voltage, current, pulse duration, filtration) on image quality. - Functioning of automatic exposure control. - Impact of patient positioning relative to the detector on radiation dose. - Software tools for determining patient skin dose. - Performance optimization and radiation protection for personnel.
Literature
  • Dance DR. et al. Diagnostic radiology physics – A handbook for teachers and students. IAEA, Vienna, 2014. Online: http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/Pub1564webNew-74666420.pdf.
  • Súkupová L. Radiační ochrana při rentgenových výkonech – to nejdůležitější pro praxi. Grada Publishing, 2018. ISBN 978-80-271-0709-4.
  • Aktuální doporučení SÚJB pro provádění zkoušek rtg systémů.
  • Bushberg JT. The essential physics of medical Imaging. 3. ed., Internat. Ed.S.1.: Lippincott Williams And W, 2011. ISBN 1451118104.
  • Aktuální přednášky předmětu Radiologická fyzika – radiodiagnostika.
Teaching methods
praxe
Assessment methods
zápočet
Language of instruction
Czech
Further comments (probably available only in Czech)
The course can also be completed outside the examination period.
The course is taught annually.
The course is taught in blocks.
Information on the extent and intensity of the course: 2 weeks.
The course is also listed under the following terms Spring 2020, Spring 2021, Spring 2022, Spring 2023, Spring 2024, Spring 2026.
  • Enrolment Statistics (recent)
  • Permalink: https://is.muni.cz/course/sci/spring2025/FRF140