Definitions

• Finance and banking

  To Allocate	to give something officially to somebody/something for a particular purpose
  Asset	a thing of value, especially property, that a person or company owns
  Asset management firm	a firm that invests funds from clients, putting the capital to work through different investments including stocks, bonds, or real estate
  Bond	an agreement by a government or a company to pay you interest on the money you have lent
  To borrow sth	to take money from a person or bank and agree to pay it back to them at a later time
  Borrower	a person or an organisation that borrows money, especially from a bank
  To carry risk	to include a possibility that sth unpleasant will happen
  Cash	money in the form of notes and coins, rather than cheques or credit cards
  Cash flow	the movement of money into and out of a business as goods are bought and sold
  Commercial bank	a bank that offers services to the general public and to companies
  To conduct	to organise and/or do a particular activity
  Convertibility	the fact of being able to exchange one type of currency
  Costs	the total amount of money that needs to be spent by a business
  Credit card	a financial instrument issued by banks with a pre-set credit limit
  Currency	the system of money that a country uses
  Current/checking account	an account at a bank from which money may be withdrawn without notice
  Data analytics	the science of analysing raw data in order to make conclusions about that information
  Debit card	a plastic card that can be used to take money directly from your bank account when you pay for something
  Deposit	a sum of money that is paid into a bank account
  Depositor	a person who puts money in a bank account
  Economics	the study of how a society organises its money, trade and industry
  Economy	the relationship between production, trade and the supply of money in a particular country or region
  Financial advisor	a professional who provides expertise for clients' decisions around money matters, personal finances, and investments
  Financial analysis	the process of evaluating businesses, projects, budgets, and other finance-related transactions to determine their performance
  Financial literacy	the ability to understand and effectively use various financial skills
  Financial market	market in which people trade financial securities and derivatives
  Financial resources	a supply of capital that a country, an organisation or a person has and can use, especially to increase their wealth
  Financial resources	the funds and assets that finance an organisation's activities and investments
  Financially literate	to be able to understand and effectively use various financial skills
  Funds	money that is available to be spent
  Growth	an increase in economic activity
  Income	the money that a person, a region, a country, etc. earns from work, from investing money, from business, etc.
  Insurance	an arrangement by which a company or the state undertakes to provide a guarantee of compensation for specified loss, damage, illness, or death
  Insurance company	a company that provides and sells insurance
  Interest	the extra money that you pay back when you borrow money or that you receive when you invest money
  Interest rate	percentage that a bank charges you when you borrow money
  Investment	the act of investing money in something
  Investment bank	a financial institution that deals in stocks and bonds for corporations and provides other financial services
  Investor	a person or an organisation that invests money in something
  To issue sth (e.g., a bond)	to produce sth for sale to sb
  Last resort	last course of action that you should or can take in a particular situation
  To lend sth to sb	to give money to somebody on condition that they pay it back over a period of time and pay interest on it
  Lender	a person, group, or institution that provides money to someone
  Lending	giving money to somebody on condition that they pay it back over a period of time and pay interest on it
  Liabilities	the amount of money that a person or company owes
  Lifeblood	the thing that keeps something strong and healthy and is necessary for successful development
  Liquidity	the state of owning things of value that can easily be exchanged for cash
  Loan	money that an organisation such as a bank lends and somebody borrows
  Means	an action, an object or a system by which a result is achieved; a way of achieving or doing something
  Mobile banking	the act of making financial transactions on a mobile device (cell phone, tablet, etc.)
  Money supply	all of the cash and currency in circulation within a country.
  Mortgage	a legal agreement by which a bank or similar organisation lends you money to buy a house
  To own sth	to have something that belongs to you, especially because you have bought it
  Owner	a person or entity that has the legal right to possess, use, or dispose of something
  Pension fund	a program, fund, or scheme which provides retirement income
  Profitability	the ability to make money
  Property	a thing or things that are owned by somebody; a possession or possessions
  To raise money	to bring or collect money; to manage to get money
  Retirement	the fact of leaving your job and stopping work, usually because you have reached a particular age
  Risk aversion	the tendency to avoid risk
  Risk management	the process of identifying financial risks and planning ways of reducing those risks
  Risk-averse	wanting to avoid risks as much as possible
  Savings account	a deposit account
  Savings and loan association	an institution which accepts savings at interest and lends money to savers for house or other purchases
  Savings bank	financial institution that gathers savings, paying interest or dividends to savers
  Security	negotiable financial instrument that represents some type of financial value, usually in the form of a stock, bond, or option
  Steeply	quickly, not gradually
  Stock market/stock exchange	a place where shares in companies are bought and sold; all of the business activity involved in doing this
  To supervise	to be in charge of somebody/something and make sure that everything is done correctly
  To utilise sth	to use something, especially for a practical purpose
  Wealth	a large amount of money, property, etc. that a person or country owns
  To withdraw	to take money out of a bank account

• Investment

  Antique	an object such as a piece of furniture that is old and often valuable
  Asset	a thing of value, especially property, that a person or company owns, which can be used or sold to pay debts
  Bond	an agreement by a government or a company to pay you interest on the money you have lent
  Collectables (collectibles)	objects that are worth collecting because they are beautiful or may become valuable
  Commodity	a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold, such as copper or coffee
  Common shares	represent a claim on profits (dividends) and confer voting rights
  Compound interest	the addition of interest to the principal sum of a loan or deposit, or in other words, interest on principal plus interest
  Coupon	the annual interest rate paid on a bond
  To decrease	to become smaller in size, number, etc.
  Diversification	a strategy that mixes a wide variety of investments within a portfolio in an attempt to reduce portfolio risk
  Due diligence	a process or effort to collect and analyse information before making a decision or conducting a transaction
  Financial plan	a document that details a person's current financial circumstances and their short- and long-term monetary goals
  Financial security	having enough money to comfortably cover your monthly expenses, recover from financial setbacks, and save for your future
  Fluctuations	changes in size, amount, quality, etc. that happen frequently
  Franchise	formal permission given by a company to somebody who wants to sell its goods or services in a particular area
  To generate	to produce or create something
  To have a long-term perspective	to be willing to invest over a long period of time
  Housing market	the market for properties being purchased and sold either directly to buyers or through real estate brokers
  To increase	to grow
  Income	the money that a person, a region, a country, etc. earns from work, from investing money, from business, etc.
  Interest	the extra money that you pay back when you borrow money or that you receive when you invest money
  Liquidation	the action of selling something to get money or to avoid losing money
  Long-term	lasting or having an effect over a long period of time
  Loss	money that has been lost by a business or an organisation
  Maintenance	the act of keeping something in good condition by checking or repairing it regularly
  Mature	ready to be paid
  Maturity	the time when the bond issuer must repay the original bond value to the bondholder
  To minimise	to reduce something, especially something bad, to the lowest possible level
  Mutual fund	an investment program funded by shareholders that trades in diversified holdings and is professionally managed
  Ownership	the state of having exclusive rights and control over something, such as a property, an asset, or a business
  Portfolio	a collection of financial assets and investment tools that are held by a particular person or organisation
  Potential	the possibility of something happening or being developed or used
  Preference shares	a type of stock issued to shareholders as priority recipients of dividends
  Principal	an amount of money that you lend to somebody or invest to earn interest
  Priority	the most important place among various things that have to be done
  Profit	the money that you make in business or by selling things, especially after paying the costs involved
  Profitable	that makes or is likely to make money
  Raw material	a basic natural material that is used to make a product
  Real estate	the business of selling houses or land for building
  To redeem (a loan/mortgage/bond)	to pay the full sum of money that you owe somebody; to pay a debt
  Redemption	the full repayment of the principal amount (the amount you invested) and any interest owed to date
  Rental property	homes that are purchased by an investor and inhabited by tenants on a lease or other type of rental agreement
  Repair	an act of fixing something that is broken, damaged or torn
  Resources	a supply of something that a country can use, especially to increase its wealth
  Return	the amount of profit that you get from something (also earnings, yield)
  Right	a moral or legal claim to have or get something or to behave in a particular way
  Risk tolerance	the degree of risk that an investor is willing to accept
  Risky	involving the possibility of something bad happening
  Scheme	a plan or system for doing or organising something
  Share (stock in AmE)	a part of a company sold to investors to raise money
  Shareholder	a person who invests in a corporation by buying stock and is a partial owner
  Short-term	lasting a short time
  Steady	developing, growing, etc. gradually and in an even and regular way
  Time horizon	the timeline in which an investor plans to gain value on their investment
  Unique	very special or unusual
  Value	how much something is worth in money or other goods for which it can be exchanged
  To vote for sb/sth/against sb/sth	to show formally which person you want to win an election, or which plan or idea you support