aVLPA0521c Patologie I - cvičení

Lékařská fakulta
podzim 2024
Rozsah
0/4/0. 60. 3 kr. Ukončení: z.
Vyučováno kontaktně
Vyučující
prof. MUDr. Markéta Hermanová, Ph.D. (přednášející)
MUDr. Víta Žampachová (přednášející)
MUDr. Katarína Múčková (přednášející)
MUDr. Václav Kubeš, Ph.D. (cvičící)
Linda Penčová (pomocník)
MUDr. Zdeněk Bednařík (cvičící)
MUDr. Michal Hendrych (cvičící)
MUDr. Ctirad Macháček (cvičící)
MUDr. Dávid Said (cvičící)
MUDr. Zuzana Špatná (cvičící)
MUDr. Lukáš Velecký (cvičící)
MUDr. Dušan Zoufalý (cvičící)
Markéta Grozertová (pomocník)
Dana Navrátilová (pomocník)
doc. MUDr. Leoš Křen, Ph.D. (cvičící)
Garance
doc. MUDr. Leoš Křen, Ph.D.
Ústav patologie – Společná pracoviště s Fakultní nemocnicí Brno - pracoviště Nemocnice Bohunice a Porodnice – Lékařská fakulta
Kontaktní osoba: prof. MUDr. Markéta Hermanová, Ph.D.
Dodavatelské pracoviště: I. ústav patologie – Společná pracoviště s Fakultní nemocnicí u sv. Anny v Brně – Lékařská fakulta (43,00 %), Ústav patologie – Společná pracoviště s Fakultní nemocnicí Brno - pracoviště Nemocnice Bohunice a Porodnice – Lékařská fakulta (57,00 %)
Rozvrh seminárních/paralelních skupin
aVLPA0521c/30: Čt 8:00–11:20 ÚP P01013
aVLPA0521c/31: St 8:00–11:20 ÚP P01013
aVLPA0521c/32: Út 8:00–11:20 ÚP P01013
aVLPA0521c/33: Po 12:00–15:20 PatÚI N01007
aVLPA0521c/34: Čt 12:00–15:20 PatÚI N01007
aVLPA0521c/35: Čt 12:00–15:20 PatÚI N01007
Předpoklady
aVLAN0222p Anatomie II - přednáška && aVLHE0322p Histologie a embryologie II -p && aVLLM0421c Lékařská mikrobiologie I - cv. && aVLBC0422c Biochemie II - cvičení && aVLBC0422s Biochemie II - seminář && aVLFY0422c Fyziologie II - cvičení && aVLFY0422s Fyziologie II - seminář
Omezení zápisu do předmětu
Předmět je určen pouze studentům mateřských oborů.
Mateřské obory/plány
Cíle předmětu
The main stress in the pathology course is given on macroscopic and microscopic correlation of diseases. After finishing the course the student should be able to: understand the basic pathologic processes (regressive changes, inflammation, oncology, immune disorders); understand and be able to apply the basic classification of oncologic processes; understand the basic classification of etiologically defined processes (esp. infectious diseases); learn the most important methods used in the diagnostic process and research (tissue processing, special stainings, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, molecular pathology); understand various disorders with respect to individual organs and organ systems; get familiar with the process of autopsy (the process of the autopsy and its evaluation); get familiar with laboratory processing of the tissue samples (description, tissue sampling);
Výstupy z učení
Student is able to:
- explain the discussed terms and concepts.
- to recognize and describe the macroscopic morphology of the basic diseases.
- to recognize and describe the microscopic morphology of the basic diseases.
- to know the etiology of the basic diseases.
- to describe the pathophysiology of the basic diseases.
- to describe the main symptoms of the basic diseases.
Osnova
  • General Pathology
  • Pathology and its role in medicine.
  • Methodology: autopsy, clinicopathological correlation, surgical pathology (biopsy), ways of tissue examination and fixation
  • Cytology.
  • The disease, its definition and course. External and internal causes of disease. Prevention.
  • Death (clinical and biological). Signs of death.
  • Regressive changes, necrosis (classification, causes). Atrophy: numeric and simple. Dystrophy: metabolic disorders of proteins, glycids, fat, water, minerals and pigments.
  • Inflammation: definition, local and general signs, microscopic and macroscopic. Inflammation: classification, nomenclature. Immunity disorders, transplantation pathology.
  • Progressive changes. Regeneration, reparation, wound healing. Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia. Pseudotumors: cysts, pseudocysts, inflammatory pseudotumors. Disorders of embryonal development.
  • Tumours: definition, general properties, etiology, precanceroses. Biology of tumors: benign, malignant and uncertain tumors. Systematic classification of tumors: epithelial, mesenchymal, neuroectodermal and germinal tumors, choriocarcinoma, mesothelioma.
  • Organ pathology
  • Disorders of the heart, circulation of the blood and lymph: Congenital and acquired heart diseases, changes in size and shape of the heart. Pathological contents of the pericardium. Inflammation, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction. Circulatory failure. Hypertension. Disorders of arteries and veins: atherosclerosis, aneurysm, inflammation, anaemia, polycytemia. Local circulatory disorders: thrombosis, embolism. Bleeding. Lymfadenitis. Tumors.
  • Respiratory disorders: Pathology of upper respiratory pathways: rhinitis, laryngitis, bronchitis. Tumors and pseudotumors. Changes in pulmonary ventilation and circulation (venostasis, edema, induration, infarction, embolism). Silicosis and other external pigmentations. Superficial, interstitial and chronic inflammations of the lung. Pulmonary tumors. Pathology of the pleura.
  • Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract: Pathology of the oral cavity, pharynx, tonsillae and esophagus. Gastiris, peptic ulcers, gastric tumors. Pathology of the gut: disorders of circulation, inflammation. Appendicitis, malabsorption syndrome. Ileus, herniation. Intestinal tumors. Inflammation of the peritoneum, pathological contents of peritoneal cavity.
Literatura
    doporučená literatura
  • KUMAR, Vinay, Abul K. ABBAS a Jon C. ASTER. Robbins & Cotran pathologic basis of disease. Illustrated by James A. Perkins. Ninth edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2015, xvi, 1391. ISBN 9780808924500. info
  • Underwood's pathology : a clinical approach. Edited by Simon S. Cross. 6th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2013, xviii, 769. ISBN 9780702046735. info
Výukové metody
Pathology course consists of lectures and practical classes. Teaching consists of theoretical part (lectures) and practical part (laboratory practice). Practical courses consist of histological practice (microscopical and macroscopical images of autoptical and bioptical specimens are demonstrated and discussed) and autoptical practice (presence and ev. participation in autopsies). Hypertext teaching materials for the students are available in our teaching rooms as well on the Internet. These materials contain about 3000 images of various imaging methods (macroscopic, x-ray, CT, MRI images, histological images, partially available as virtual slides, videos). Lectures and practicals are complementary. General information and new updates on classifications as well as images are presented at the lectures. Practicals add further information, histopathologically and autoptical experience. Further information is provided in our web-based teaching materials. Various forms of testing are used to give the students proper feedback. Students are supposed to prepare for each practical lesson. The topic for each practical lesson as well as for each lecture is available. Practical training (about 5 % of the total volume of teaching) is complemented by teaching at SIMU on a dissection simulator.
Metody hodnocení
Lectures: 3 hours/week Practical classes: 4 hours/week; microscopic and autoptic lessons. The course of pathology is closed by oral exam. Attendance is compulsory; knowledge of the students is periodically tested during the practical classes. Testing can be either oral or written (multichoice tests, essays). Exam after two semesters of pathology has two parts: practical and theoretical. The practical part of the exam takes the form of a discussion over the microscope or over macroscopical or microscopical images. In the theoretical part of the exam, the students discuss after short preparation randomly selected topics. The list of these topics is available to the students in advance. Lectures: 3 hours/week Practical classes: 4 hours/week; microscopic and autoptic lessons. The course of pathology is closed by an oral exam. Attendance is compulsory; the knowledge of the students is periodically tested during the practical classes. Testing can be either oral or written (multichoice tests, essays). Exam after two semesters of pathology has two parts: practical and theoretical. The practical part of the exam takes the form of a discussion over the microscope or over macroscopical or microscopical images. In the theoretical part of the exam, the students discuss after short preparation randomly selected topics. The list of these topics is available to the students in advance.
Vyučovací jazyk
Angličtina
Informace učitele
http://www.muni.cz/atlases
Podrobné informace o průběhu výuky jsou vyvěšeny na vývěskách obou ústavů patologie, na kterých probíhá výuka.
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