aZLHE0221p Histologie a embryologie I - přednáška

Lékařská fakulta
jaro 2025
Rozsah
1/0/0. 15. 1 kr. Ukončení: z.
Vyučováno kontaktně
Vyučující
MUDr. Jana Dumková, Ph.D. (přednášející)
doc. MVDr. Aleš Hampl, CSc. (přednášející)
Mgr. Hana Kotasová, Ph.D. (přednášející)
MVDr. Anna Mac Gillavry Danylevska, Ph.D. (přednášející)
doc. MUDr. Miroslava Sedláčková, CSc. (přednášející)
MUDr. Veronika Sedláková, Ph.D. (přednášející)
doc. RNDr. Petr Vaňhara, Ph.D. (přednášející)
MUDr. Ivana Baltasová (cvičící)
MVDr. Lenka Lišková (cvičící)
MUDr. Eva Mecová (cvičící)
MUDr. Volodymyr Porokh (cvičící)
Mgr. Eva Švandová, Ph.D. (cvičící)
Garance
doc. MVDr. Aleš Hampl, CSc.
Ústav histologie a embryologie – Teoretická pracoviště – Lékařská fakulta
Dodavatelské pracoviště: Ústav histologie a embryologie – Teoretická pracoviště – Lékařská fakulta
Předpoklady
aZLAN0121s Anatomie I - seminář
Omezení zápisu do předmětu
Předmět je určen pouze studentům mateřských oborů.
Mateřské obory/plány
Cíle předmětu
The main objective of the subject is to combine programmed teaching of histology ana embryology that occupy a key position among subjects of the theoretical study on medical faculties. At the end of the course students should be able to: - in histology a) define basic terms and categories of the subject and apply used classification system in the praxis; b) describe and explain structure and function of animal cells on submicroscopic and molecular levels; c) describe and explain structural characteristics of epithels, connective and supporting tissues (incl. their function), muscle tissue including mechanism of muscle contraction and nerve tissue; d) identify basic tissues and main organs of the human body in histological slides; e) analyze the microscopic structure of organs under normal conditions and compare it with changes evoked with pathological changes or alterations; f) understand existing close interrelations between structure and function of individual tissues and organs of the human body; - in embryology: 1) explain the development of gametes, meiosis principle and regulation processes during gametogenesis; 2) discuss main developmental processes and genetic control of development; 3) describe early development of the human embryo incl. development of extraembryonic structures; 4) categorize phases of prenatal development and characterize key developmental stages of individual organ systems.
Výstupy z učení
At the end of the course students should be able to:
- in histology
a) define basic terms and categories of the subject and apply used classification system in the praxis;
b) describe and explain the structure and function of animal cells on submicroscopic and molecular levels;
c) describe and explain structural characteristics of epithels, connective and supporting tissues (incl. their function), muscle tissue including mechanism of muscle contraction and nerve tissue;
d) identify basic tissues and main organs of the human body in histological slides;
e) analyze the microscopic structure of organs under normal conditions and compare it with changes evoked with pathological changes or alterations;
f) understand existing close interrelations between the structure and function of individual tissues and organs of the human body;
- in embryology:
1) explain the development of gametes, meiosis principle and regulation processes during gametogenesis;
2) discuss main developmental processes and genetic control of development;
3) describe the early development of the human embryo incl. development of extraembryonic structures;
4) categorize phases of prenatal development and characterize key developmental stages of individual organ systems.
Osnova
  • 1. Introduction. The object and significance of histology. Relevance of histology to other biomedical disciplines. History, current state, and future of histology. Methodologies to study a structure of cells and tissues. Cytology: The cell - definition, characteristics, compartmentalization. Cell nucleus - ultrastructure and function, chromosomes, nucleolus.Introduction
  • 2. Organelles - structure, localization, and function. Cell inclusions and pigments. Cytoskeleton - microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules. Cell surface structures and intercellular bonds. Cell division cycle. Cell differentiation, cell migration, organization of cells into tissues and organs - general aspects.
  • 3. General embryology. Definition. The object and significance of embryology. Overview of the early human development: The phases of the human ontogeny. Human gametes - their structure, physiology and origin (gametogenesis). Differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Transport of gametes. Sperm capacitation. Fertilization and cleavage. Activation of the embryonal genome. Nuclear transfer. Morula and blastocyst. Embryonic stem cells. Outline of the implantation. Abnormal sites of implantation (extrauterine pregnancies).
  • 4. The development of the germ disc: origin of the intraembryonic mesoderm and notogenesis (development of the chorda dorsalis). Somites and their derivatives. Outline of the development of fetal membranes: amniotic sac, chorion, and placenta. Function of the placenta. The umbilical cord. Anomalies of the placenta and umbilical cord. Development of external shape of the embryo and fetus. The rule of Hasse. Uterine growth during pregnancy. Parturition. Marks of the mature and full-term fetus. Position, posture and presentation of the fetus. Multiple pregnancy: mono- and dizygotic twins; arrangement of fetal membranes in twins.
  • 5. General histology. Tissues - definition, their origin, and classification. Connective and supporting tissue - general characteristics, their components and classification. The connective tissue proper - types, main distribution, and function.
  • 6. Supporting tissues - cartilage and bone - types, main distribution, and function. Histogenesis and regeneration of connective tissues.
  • 7. Epithelial tissue - definition, classification, and histogenesis. Epithelial membranes and glandular epithelium - an overview. Characteristics of glandular cells. Absorptive, respiratory, and sensory epithelia.
  • 8. Neural tissue - general characteristics and classification. Neurons – structure and function. Synapse. Neuroglial cells - types and function. Sheaths of nerve fibres. Conduction of nerve impulses. Histogenesis and regeneration of the neural tissue.
  • 9. Muscle tissue - general characteristics and classification. Smooth muscle tissue. Skeletal muscle tissue. Ultrastructure of the myofibrils. Mechanism of the muscle contraction. Cardiac muscle tissue. Inervation and vascularization of the muscle. Muscle histogenesis and regeneration.
  • 10. Blood cell morphology: Erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes. Differential white cell count. Prenatal and postnatal hematopoiesis. Erythropoiesis, granulopoiesis, thrombopoiesis.
  • 11. Microscopic anatomy and special embryology. Cardiovascular system. Microscopic structure of the heart, excitomotoric system - its structural peculiarities. Blood vessels - arteries and veins - structural differences. Capillary bed. Lymph vessels and capillaries.
  • 12. Development of the heart. Primitive blood circulation in the embryo. Fetal blood circulation.
Literatura
    doporučená literatura
  • MESCHER, Anthony L. Junqueira's basic histology : text and atlas. 13th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical, 2013, xi, 544. ISBN 9781259072321. info
  • MOORE, Keith L., T. V. N. PERSAUD a Mark G. TORCHIA. Before we are born : essentials of embryology and birth defects. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders, 2013, xviii, 348. ISBN 9781437720013. info
    neurčeno
  • LOWE, James S. a Peter G. ANDERSON. Stevens and Lowe´s Human Histology. 4th. Elsevier, 2015. ISBN 978-0-7234-3502-0. info
  • OVALLE, William K., Patrick C. NAHIRNEY a Frank H. NETTER. Netter's essential histology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders, 2013, xv, 517. ISBN 9781455706310. info
  • MOORE, Keith L., T. V. N. PERSAUD a Mark G. TORCHIA. The developing human : clinically oriented embryology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier, 2013, xix, 540. ISBN 9781437720020. info
  • SADLER, T. W. Langman's medical embryology. 12th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2012, xiii, 384. ISBN 9781451144611. info
Výukové metody
lectures
Metody hodnocení
Students will pass examination after completing Histology and embryology II - lecture. All information about required knowledge and the course of examination is on web site: http://www.med.muni.cz/histology/education
Vyučovací jazyk
Angličtina
Informace učitele
http://www.med.muni.cz/histology/education
Další komentáře
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Předmět je zařazen také v obdobích jaro 2016, jaro 2017, jaro 2018, jaro 2019, jaro 2020, jaro 2021, jaro 2022, jaro 2023, jaro 2024.