aVLPA0521p Patologie I - přednáška

Lékařská fakulta
podzim 2023
Rozsah
3/0/0. 45. 2 kr. Ukončení: z.
Vyučující
prof. MUDr. Markéta Hermanová, Ph.D. (přednášející)
doc. MUDr. Leoš Křen, Ph.D. (přednášející)
MUDr. Víta Žampachová (přednášející)
Linda Penčová (pomocník)
MUDr. Sylva Hotárková (přednášející)
MUDr. Iva Staniczková Zambo, Ph.D. (přednášející)
MUDr. Ctirad Macháček (cvičící)
MUDr. Katarína Múčková (cvičící)
Markéta Grozertová (pomocník)
Dana Navrátilová (pomocník)
Garance
doc. MUDr. Leoš Křen, Ph.D.
Ústav patologie – Společná pracoviště s Fakultní nemocnicí Brno - pracoviště Nemocnice Bohunice a Porodnice – Lékařská fakulta
Kontaktní osoba: prof. MUDr. Markéta Hermanová, Ph.D.
Dodavatelské pracoviště: I. ústav patologie – Společná pracoviště s Fakultní nemocnicí u sv. Anny v Brně – Lékařská fakulta (50,00 %), Ústav patologie – Společná pracoviště s Fakultní nemocnicí Brno - pracoviště Nemocnice Bohunice a Porodnice – Lékařská fakulta (50,00 %)
Rozvrh
Po 16:40–19:10 PatÚI N01008
Předpoklady
aVLAN0222p Anatomie II - přednáška && aVLHE0322p Histologie a embryologie II -p && aVLLM0421c Lékařská mikrobiologie I - cv. && aVLBC0422c Biochemie II - cvičení && aVLBC0422s Biochemie II - seminář && aVLFY0422c Fyziologie II - cvičení && aVLFY0422s Fyziologie II - seminář
Omezení zápisu do předmětu
Předmět je určen pouze studentům mateřských oborů.
Mateřské obory/plány
Cíle předmětu
The main stress in the pathology course is given on macroscopic and microscopic correlation of diseases. After finishing the course the student should be able to: understand the basic pathologic processes (regressive changes, inflammaton, oncology, immune disorders); understand and be able to apply the basic classification of oncologic processes; understand the basic classification of etiologically defined processes (esp. infectious diseases); learn the most important methods used in diagnostic process and research (tissue processing, special stainings, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, molecular pathology); understand various disorders with respect to individual organs and organ systems; get familiar with the process of autopsy (the process of the autopsy and its evaluation); get familiar with laboratory processing of the tissue samples (description, tissue sampling);
Výstupy z učení
The student is able:
- to explain the discussed terms and concepts.
- to recognize and describe the macroscopic morphology of the basic diseases.
- to recognize and describe the microscopic morphology of the basic diseases.
- to know the etiology of the basic diseases.
- to describe the pathophysiology of the basic diseases.
- to describe the main symptoms of the basic diseases.
Osnova
  • General Pathology
  • Pathology and its role in medicine.
  • Methodology: autopsy, clinicopathological correlation, surgical pathology (biopsy), ways of tissue examination and fixation
  • Cytology.
  • The disease, its definition and course. External and internal causes of disease. Prevention.
  • Death (clinical and biological). Signs of death.
  • Regressive changes, necrosis (classification, causes). Atrophy: numeric and simple. Dystrophy: metabolic disorders of proteins, glycids, fat, water, minerals and pigments.
  • Inflammation: definition, local and general signs, microscopic and macroscopic. Inflammation: classification, nomenclature. Immunity disorders, transplantation pathology.
  • Progressive changes. Regeneration, reparation, wound healing. Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia. Pseudotumors: cysts, pseudocysts, inflammatory pseudotumor. Disorders of embryonal development.
  • Tumors: definition, general properties, etiology, precanceroses. Biology of tumors: benign, malignant and uncertain tumors. Systematic classification of tumors: epithelial, mesenchymal, neuroectodermal and germinal tumors, choriocarcinoma, mesothelioma.
  • Organ pathology
  • Disorders of the heart, circulation of the blood and lymph: Congenital and acquired heart diseases, changes in size and shape of the heart. Pathological contents of the pericardium. Inflammation, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction. Circulatory failure. Hypertension. Disorders of arteries and veins: atherosclerosis, aneurysm, inflammation, anemia, polycytemia. Local circulatory disorders: thrombosis, embolism. Bleeding. Lymfadenitis. Tumors.
  • Respiratory disorders: Pathology of upper respiratory pathways: rhinitis, laryngitis, bronchitis. Tumors and pseudotumors. Changes in pulmonary ventilation and circulation (venostasis, edema, induration, infarction, embolism). Silicosis and other external pigmentations. Superficial, interstitial and chronic inflammations of the lung. Pulmonary tumors. Pathology of the pleura.
  • Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract: Pathology of the oral cavity, pharynx, tonsillae and esophagus. Gastiris, peptic ulcers, gastric tumors. Pathology of the gut: disorders of circulation, inflammation. Appendicitis, malabsorption syndrome. Ileus, herniation. Intestinal tumors. Inflammation of the peritoneum, pathological contents of peritoneal cavity.
Literatura
    povinná literatura
  • Underwood's pathology : a clinical approach. Edited by Simon S. Cross. 6th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2013, xviii, 769. ISBN 9780702046735. info
    doporučená literatura
  • KUMAR, Vinay, Abul K. ABBAS a Jon C. ASTER. Robbins & Cotran pathologic basis of disease. Illustrated by James A. Perkins. Ninth edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2015, xvi, 1391. ISBN 9780808924500. info
Výukové metody
Pathology course consists of lectures and practical classes. Teaching consists of theoretical part (lectures) and practical part (laboratory practice). Practical courses consist of histological practice (microscopical and macroscopical images of autoptical and bioptical specimens are demonstrated and discussed) and autoptical practice (presence and ev. participation in autopsies). Hypertext teaching materials for the students are available in our teaching rooms as well on the Internet. These materials contain about 3000 images of various imaging methods (macroscopic, x-ray, CT, MRI images, histological images, partially available as virtual slides, videos). Lectures and practicals are complementary. General information and new updates on classifications as well as images are presented at the lectures. Practicals add further information, histopathologically and autoptical experience. Further information is provided in our web-based teaching materials. Various forms of testing are used to give the students proper feedback. Students are supposed to prepare for each practical lesson. The topic for each practical lesson as well as for each lecture is available. Practical training (about5 % of the total volume of teaching) is complemented by a comprehensive range of simulation teaching methods on simulators with varying degrees of fidelity, trainers and virtual patients. Simulation results in subsequent debriefing (feedback to the student). There is also problem-oriented learning in the foreground, where the student is taught by solving the problem presented, as well as team-oriented teaching when small groups of students discuss and choose a solution to the problem. Emphasis is also placed on the development of soft skills, incl. so-called "21st-century skills", particularly communication, decision-making skills, critical thinking, crisis communication and teamwork.
Metody hodnocení
Lectures: 3 hours/week Practical classes: 4 hours/week; microscopic and autoptic lessons. The course of pathology is closed by oral exam. Attendance is compulsory; knowledge of the students is periodically tested during the practical classes. Testing can be either oral or written (multichoice tests, essays). Exam after two semesters of pathology has two parts: practical and theoretical. The practical part of the exam takes the form of a discussion over the microscope or over macroscopical or microscopical images. In the theoretical part of the exam, the students discuss after short preparation randomly selected topics. The list of these topics is available to the students in advance. Traditional methods are complemented by objective clinical evaluation that verifies clinical knowledge and other skills such as communication, physical examination, performance, performance interpretation, etc. This evaluation method provides students with objective and specific feedback.
Vyučovací jazyk
Angličtina
Informace učitele
Podrobné informace o průběhu výuky jsou vyvěšeny na I. a II. PAÚ, kde probíhá výuka.
Další komentáře
Studijní materiály
Předmět je vyučován každoročně.
Předmět je zařazen také v obdobích podzim 2017, podzim 2018, podzim 2019, podzim 2020, podzim 2021, podzim 2022, podzim 2024.