PSA_005 Obecná psychologie I (kognitivní procesy)

Filozofická fakulta
podzim 2011
Rozsah
2/1/0. 5 kr. Ukončení: k.
Vyučující
doc. PhDr. Mojmír Tyrlík, Ph.D. (přednášející)
Garance
PhDr. Zdenka Stránská, Ph.D.
Psychologický ústav – Filozofická fakulta
Rozvrh
Út 11:40–14:05 N41
Omezení zápisu do předmětu
Předmět je určen pouze studentům mateřských oborů.

Jiné omezení: Seminář pouze pro řádné posluchače jednooborového studia; 1.ročník
Mateřské obory/plány
Cíle předmětu
Cílem kurzu je, aby si studenti osvojili základními teoretické přístupy ke kognitivním procesům a dokázali tato znalosti využít v jednotlivých aplikovaných psychologických disciplínách.
Osnova
  • 1) Philosophical Antecedents of Cognitive Psychology: The Emergence of Psychology; The Merging of Philosophy and Physiology into Modern Psychology; The Diverging Perspectives of Modern Psychology History of Psychology: Antecedents of Cognitive Psychology; From Associationism to Behaviorism; Gestalt psychology Research Methods in Cognitive Psychology: Goals of Research; Distinctive Methods of Research; Key Issues in Cognitive Psychology; Fields Within Cognitive Psychology Biological Foundations of Cognitive Psychology: Organization of the Nervous System;The Central Nervous System: The Brain and the Spinal Cord; Viewing the Structures and Functions of the Brain; The Cerebral Hemispheres and the Cerebral Cortex; Hemispheric Specialization; Lobes of the Cerebral Hemispheres and Cortex; Association Areas; Information Processing in the Nervous System; Structural Components: Neurons and Glial Cells; Conduction of Information Within Neurons; Communication Between Neurons; Common Neurotransmitters Attention and Consciousness: Preconscious Processing; Controlled Versus Automatic Processing; Processes Habituation; Selective Attention; Vigilance and Signal Detection; Search; Divided Attention; 2) Theories or Attention: Filter and Bottleneck Theories; Attentional-Resource Theories; Additional Considerations in Attention; Neurocognitive Findings on Attention and Consciousness; Attention and Perception 3) Perception: Depth Perception; Perceptual Constancies; Deficits in Forms and Pattern Perception; Gestalt Approaches to Form Perception Theories or Perception: Constructive Perception Direct Perception; Synthesizing the Two Theories; A Computalional Theory of Perception; Spatiotemporal Boundary-Formation Theory Theoretical Approaches to Pattern Recognition: Bottom-up Theories; Top-down Influences on Perception; Comprehension Processes Auditory Perception: Speech Perception; Basic Facts About Speech; Theorelical Approaches to Sérech; Perception Is Speech Perception Special? 4) Knowledge Representation: Mental Representation of Knowledge;Representations of Declarative Knowledge: Words Versus Picture; Mental Imagery; Dual-Code Hypothesis: Analogical Images Versus Symbols Propositional Hypothesis: Functional Equivalence: Mental Manipulations of Images; Possible Synthesis: Dual-Code; Kosslyn's Synthesis; Johnson-Laird's Synthesis; Cognitive Maps, Text Maps Representations of Declarative Knowledge: Concepts and Schemas; Semantic Network Models; Representations of Procedural Knowledge; The Production and the Production System; Conceptual Dependency; Integrative Models for Representing Declarative and Non/declarative Knowledge; The Connectionist Model 5) Memory: Exceptional Memory; Deficient and Outstanding Memory; Recall and Recognition; Implicit Versus Explicit Memory ; Model of Memory; The Sensory Store; The Short- Term Store; The Long- Term Store; Working Memory Model: Procedural, Episodic, and Semantic Memory; Concepts and Schemas: The Structure of Semantic Memory Memory Processes: Encoding of Information; Initial Encoding of Information for Brief Storage and Temporary Use; Forms of Encoding for Long- Term Storage Forgetting Information from Working Memory; Interference Theory; Decay Theory Transferring Information From Working Memory to Long-Term Storage; Rehearsal; Organization of Information; Mnemonic Devices Development of Memory: Differences in Metacognitive Processes Retrieval: Difficulties in Studying Retrieval Processes; Retrieval From Short-Term Memory; Effects of Prior Knowledge on Encoding and Retrieval; Effects of Subsequent Knowledge on Retrieval; Context Effects of Encoding and Retrieval 6) Language: General Properties of Language: Semantics and Syntax Language Acquisition: Stages of Language Acquisition; Theoretical Explanations of Language Acquisition; Cognition and Language Acquisition Semantics: Theories of Meaning; Relationships Among Concepts: Basic Levels, Explanations, and Inferences; Semantics and Other Aspects of Language Syntax: The Syntax Tendency; Parsing and Phrase Structure; Relationships Among Syntactical Structures; Relationships Between Syntactical and Lexical Structures Language in Context: Linguistic Relativity and. Linguistic Universal; Language in a Social Context; Speech Acts; Conversational Postulates; Language in a Cognitive Context; Scripts; Slips of the Tongue; Metaphorical Language 7) Problem solving : The Problem-Solving Cycle; Hindrances to Problem Solving; Mental Sets, Entrenchment, and Fixation; Negative Transfer; Positive Transfer; Incubation Creativity: Psychometric Approaches; Cognitive Approaches; Personality and Motivational Approaches 8) Decision Making and Reasoning > Classical Decision Theory; Satisficing; Elimination by Aspects; Heuristics and Biases Deductive Reasoning: Conditional Reasoning; Syllogistic Reasoning Inductive Reasoning: Reaching Causal Inferences; Categorical Inferences; Reasoning by Analogy 9) Intelligence; Structure of Intelligence: A Factor-Analytic Approach; Early Factorial Models; Multidimensional Models Inteligence as a multifacet dynamic phenomena. Exploring Piagets circular - causal model of inteligence development. Adaptaion as a positive feed-back Processes of Intelligence: An Information-Processing Approach; Lexical Access Speed and Speed of Simultaneous Processing; Sternberg: The Componential Theory and Complex Tasks; Simon: Complex Problem Solving. A dynamic factors of information-processing in modern theories of inteligence will be emphysized and explained. Integrative Approaches to Intelligence; Gardner: Multiple Intelligences; Sternberg: The Triarchic Theory Causality. Finality. Causality as reality or construct of mind. Mistakes in reasoning the causal relations between phenomenas. Open and semi-open system in psychology. Understending causal relations within whole system.
Literatura
  • STERNBERG, Robert J. Kognitivní psychologie. Translated by František Koukolík. Vyd. 1. Praha: Portál, 2002, 636 s. ISBN 80-7178-376-5. info
  • EYSENCK, Michael W. a Marc Peter KEANE. Cognitive psychology :a student's handbook. 4th ed. Hove: Psychology Press, 2000, viii, 631. ISBN 0-86377-551-9. info
  • SOLSO, Robert L. Cognitive psychology. 5th ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1998, xx, 601 s. ISBN 0-205-27418-8. info
  • GAVIN, Helen. The essence of cognitive psychology. 1st pub. London: Prentice-Hall Europe, 1998, xi, 215 s. ISBN 0-13-796459-5. info
  • EYSENCK, Michael W. A handbook of cognitive psychology. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 1984. ISBN 0-86377-016-9. info
Výukové metody
Přednášky, diskuse ve skupině na přípravami studentů
Metody hodnocení
Přednášky, semináře, praktikum Zápočet, zkouška
Další komentáře
Studijní materiály
Předmět je vyučován každoročně.
Kontrola 25.5.2007 M. Tyrlík.
Předmět je zařazen také v obdobích podzim 1998, jaro 1999, podzim 2001, jaro 2002, podzim 2002, podzim 2003, podzim 2004, podzim 2005, podzim 2006, podzim 2007, podzim 2008, podzim 2009, podzim 2010, podzim 2012, podzim 2013, podzim 2014, podzim 2015.