C4182en Biochemistry II

Faculty of Science
Spring 2025

The course is not taught in Spring 2025

Extent and Intensity
2/0/0. 2 credit(s) (fasci plus compl plus > 4). Type of Completion: zk (examination).
In-person direct teaching
Teacher(s)
prof. RNDr. Petr Skládal, CSc. (lecturer)
Guaranteed by
prof. RNDr. Petr Skládal, CSc.
Department of Biochemistry – Chemistry Section – Faculty of Science
Supplier department: Department of Biochemistry – Chemistry Section – Faculty of Science
Prerequisites
C3181en Biochemistry I
Successful completion of Biochemistry II.
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
there are 17 fields of study the course is directly associated with, display
Course objectives
This course is an extension of the Biochemistry I. It carries next important knowledges about biochemical reactions in living cell. It describes the metabolism of proteins and nucleic acids, proteosynthesis and its regulation, basic metods of study and practical applications. It describes also other functions of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, some special metabolic pathways and indicates the connections between chemical reactions and physiological features in an organism. Students will acquire important knowledges here, necessary for full understanding of basic principles of biochemical basis of life, and required for next special courses in biochemistry and molecular biology.
Learning outcomes
Students will acquire important knowledges here, necessary for full understanding of basic principles of biochemical basis of life, and required for next special courses in biochemistry and molecular biology. They will learn metabolism of nitrogen containing compounds, genetic code, principles of replication, transcription and tranlation.
Syllabus
  • Biochemistry II 1. Catabolism of proteins and amino acids. Peptidases, classification, importance, specificity.Degradation of amino acids, transamination, biogenic amines. Special catabolic pathways (viz. aromatic and essential.) Genetic diseases in amino acid metabolism. 2. Nitrogen excretion, the role of glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase, ornithine cycle. Uric acid. Ammonia assimilation. 3. Metabolism of nucleic acids and proteosynthesis. Synthesis and degradation of bases. Breakdown and synthesis of nucleic acids. Phosphodiesterases, palindromes, restriction endonucleases. DNA replication, replication fork, DNA polymerase. Transcription of DNA and its factors, mRNA, codon, relationship between protein structure and codons, reverse transcription, tRNA structure, anticodon, ribosomes, translation, posttranslational modifications. Point mutations, insertion, deletion. Regulation of genes expression in prokaryotes (inducible and repressive systems, operon, repressor). 4. Carbohydrate metabolism, degradation and synthesis of polysaccharides (starch, glycogen). Interconversion of monosaccharides. Hexosemonophosphate pathway, importance. Pentose cycle. Glycolysis, individual steps, energetic balance. Substrate-level phosphorylation. Gluconeogenesis, PEP synthesis. Cori cycle. Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate. 5. The metabolism of lipids. Degradation and synthesis of fats and phospholipids. Degradation and synthesis of fatty acids. Ketone bodies. 6. Tricarboxylic acids cycle, reactions, importance, energetic balance. Anabolic aspects, anaplerotic reactions, glyoxylate shunt. 7. Redox reactions in biochemistry. Respiratory chain, its components (cytochrome, ubiquinone), structure of complexes I - IV. Oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmotic coupling, protonmotive force, transmembrane potential. ATP synthesis, structure of ATP synthase. Inhibitors of respiration and ATP synthesis, uncouplers, ionophores. Energetic balance. Alternative respirations. Microsomal electron transport, cyt P450. Nitrogenase system. 8. Photosynthesis, light reactions, chlorophylls, structure of reaction centre. Components of electron transfer (cytochromes, quinones, plastocyanine, ferredoxin), PS-1, PS-2, mechanism of ATP synthesis. Equation and balance of dark phase. Dark reactions (Calvin cycle), RUBISCO, mechanism of CO2 fixation. 9. Membrane transport, facilitated diffusion, active transport, permeases, ion channels. Transport of ions, sugars and amino acids. Symport and antiport. Membrane fusion. Structure and function of Na-K-ATPase, lactose transporter, K-channel structure. Neurotransmission. 10. Principles of metabolic regulations, levels, mechanisms (endproduct regulation - feedback inhibition, energetic potential, allosteric effects, cooperativity, Hill equation). Molecular backgrounds of humoral regulation, structure and hierarchy of hormone system. 11. Isoprenoids, carotenoids, steroids (cholesterol, its synthesis, conformation, bile acids, vitamins D, steroid hormones). Porphyrins, heme synthesis and degradation, regulation. 12. Basic reaction and pathways in synthesis of aromates (shikimate and polyketide pathways.) Secondary metabolites, general reactions in synthesis of alkaloids.
Literature
    recommended literature
  • VOET, Donald, Judith G. VOET and Charlotte W. PRATT. Fundamentals of biochemistry : life at the molecular level. Fifth edition. Hoboken: Wiley, 2016, xviii, 109. ISBN 9781118918401. info
  • VOET, Donald, Judith G. VOET and Charlotte W. PRATT. Voet's principles of biochemistry. Global edition. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons, 2016, xvi, 1098. ISBN 9781119451662. info
  • VOET, Donald, Judith G. VOET and Charlotte W. PRATT. Voet's principles of biochemistry. Global edition. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons, 2016, xvi, 1098. ISBN 9781119451662. info
  • VOET, Donald, Judith G. VOET and Charlotte W. PRATT. Principles of biochemistry. 4th ed. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 2013, xxxii, 107. ISBN 9781118092446. info
  • VOET, Donald and Judith G. VOET. Biochemistry. 4th ed. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 2011, xxv, 1428. ISBN 9780470917459. info
Teaching methods
Lectures
Assessment methods
Written examination, open answers to the list of questions.
Language of instruction
English
Further Comments
The course can also be completed outside the examination period.
The course is taught annually.
The course is taught: every week.
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