Bi9020 Evolutionary and comparative plant cytogenetics

Přírodovědecká fakulta
podzim 2008
Rozsah
2/0. 2 kr. (příf plus uk plus > 4). Ukončení: zk.
Vyučující
prof. Mgr. Martin Lysák, Ph.D., DSc. (přednášející)
Garance
prof. RNDr. Jiří Fajkus, CSc.
Ústav experimentální biologie – Biologická sekce – Přírodovědecká fakulta
Kontaktní osoba: prof. Mgr. Martin Lysák, Ph.D., DSc.
Předpoklady
Basics of molecular biology, plant genetics and cytogenetics.
Omezení zápisu do předmětu
Předmět je nabízen i studentům mimo mateřské obory.
Mateřské obory/plány
Cíle předmětu
The course is providing an introduction to the structure of eukaryotic genomes, with a special focus on plant genomes on the level of chromosomes. The lectures will cover genome size variation and evolution across the plant kingdom, chromosome structure (heterochromatin, centromeres,...), ancient and recent whole-genome duplications, mechanisms of chromosome rearrangements, chromosome and genome collinearity, karyotype evolution and other related topics. The up-to-date findings in the field of plant molecular cytogenetics will be presented including crucial cytogenetic and molecular techniques (karyotyping, FISH, GISH, multicolour chromosome painting, sequencing technologies,...). At the end of this course, students should gain an overview of the latest development in plant evolutionary and comparative cytogenetics, and to understand the role of chromosomal changes in the evolution of land plants.
Osnova
  • 1. Genome size (GS) variation and evolution. C-value paradox. C-value enigma: genome obesity and downsizing. GS variation in the phylogenetic context.
  • 2. Chromatin, chromosome structure and "special" chromosomes. Repetitive DNA. Heterochromatin. Epigenetic modifications of heterochromatin. Centromeres. B chromosomes. Gametocidal chromosomes.
  • 3. Whole-genome duplications. Paleo-, meso- and neopolyploidy. Diploidization. Polyploidy and speciation.
  • 4. Meiosis and recombination. Chromosome pairing and segregation. Double-strand repair and misrepair.
  • 5. Chromosomal structural mutations (translocations, inversions etc.).
  • 6. Karyotype evolution. Mechanisms of karyotypic changes. Evolutionary trends in chromosome number variation.
  • 7. The role of chromosome rearrangements in speciation. Recombinational speciation model.
  • 8. Genome and chromosome synteny and collinearity.
  • 9. Comparative and evolutionary cytogenetics in the post-genomic era. Plant cytotaxonomy and phylogenomics.
  • 10. Molecular cytogenetic techniques.
Literatura
  • LEVIN, Donald A. The role of chromosomal change in plant evolution. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002, vii, 230 s. ISBN 0-19-513859-7. info
Metody hodnocení
A written test and oral exam are required at the end of the course. Students might be ask to read some papers to get necassary background for a next lecture.
Vyučovací jazyk
Angličtina
Další komentáře
Předmět je vyučován každoročně.
Výuka probíhá každý týden.
Předmět je zařazen také v obdobích podzim 2007 - akreditace, podzim 2010 - akreditace, podzim 2006, podzim 2007, podzim 2009, podzim 2010, podzim 2011, podzim 2011 - akreditace, podzim 2012.